1. The document discusses the shift from public administration to public management in the 1980s, which emphasized decentralized control, alternative service delivery mechanisms, and bringing public sector management closer to business methods. 2. It outlines key principles of New Public Management (NPM), including hands-on professional management, explicit performance standards and measures, output-based resource allocation, greater private sector involvement and competition, and more flexible hiring and pay practices. 3. NPM aims to reengineer bureaucracies for better governance through fundamental redesign of processes to dramatically improve performance, cost, quality and service. This is closely related to reinventing government initiatives.