what mean TRANSMISSION IMPARIMENTS and how it do?

1. AMBO UNIVERSITY HACHALU
HUNDESSA CAMPUS
SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS AND
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
• Departement of computer science
Assignement for the course data communication
and computer network
Name Id no
Gudisa Bayisa UGET/261/14

2. TRANSMISSION IMPARIMENTS
Transmission impariments means: received signal will differ from the
transmitted signal due to various
basically caused due to the various impairments that occur during the process of transmission:
• Attenuation
• Noise
• distortion
1. Attenuation
Attenuation: the energy lose of the signal with distance over any transition medium
refers to the lose signal strength has a travels through a medium,
such as a cable or the atmosphere

3. 2.𝐍𝐨𝐢𝐬𝐞:
• noise is unwanted interference that can mixer up with
the original signal
Type of noise
Thermal noise; : is the random motion of electrons in a wire w/c creates an
extro signal not odignal sent by the transmitter.
Induced noise: come from source such as: motor and applications
3. Distortion
Distortion: is occurs in a composite signal ,made of d/t frequencies
It is signal changes it form or shapes

4. why do we use computer networking?
• Sharing resources
• Communication
• Data sharing
• Remote access
• Collaboration
• Internet access

5. Cont,…
 SHARING RESOURCES: computer networking allows multiple users
to share hardware devicesa,and software application such as; Databases
and email systems.
 COMMUNICATION :networking enables users to communicate with
each other through email ,instant messaging and video conferencing.
 DATA SHARING: networks allows user to access and share files and
data across different devices and location.
 INTERNET ACCESS: networking provides access to the internet
,allowing users to browse the web,access online services, and
communicate with others globally.
 REMOTE ACCESS: networks enable users to access resource and
data from remote locations, allowing for greater flexibility and mobility
in working.
 COLLABORATION: networking facilitates collaboration among
users by enabling them to work on shared documents and projects in
real time.

6. List and discuss basic data communication
components
• MESSAGE; is the information (data)to be
communicated
• SENDER; is the devices that generate the data
to be transmitted
• RECEIVER; is the device that accept signal form
transmission system and convert to the format that handled by
destination device
• TRANSMISSION; physical path by w/c a
message travels from sender to receiver
• PROTOCOL; represents an agreement b/n the
communicating devices

7. MENTION COMMON TRANSMISSION
MEDIA AND DISCUSS THEM
• Common transmission media used computer
networks include; -Guided,-Unguided
1. Guided: include, twisted pair cable such as,
coaxial cable, fiber optics
there are two twisted pair cable:
Unshielded And shielded.
 coaxial cable: there are two type of coaxial
cable; thin - net cable and thick- net cable.
Fiber optic: cables users thin strands of glass or
plastic to transmit data using light pulses

8. • UNGUIDED: Radio communication for
transmitting signals simultaneously
Types of unguided
 microwave communication
 Infrared communication

9. Draw and discuss the basic physical
network topologies
Network Topologies; Geometrical representation of all the node in a peripherals
The most common physical topologies;
• star: each device is connected to a central hub or switch.
• Data is transmitted through the hub/c the forwards in the appropriate device
• Ring: each device is connected to two other devices forming a ring
• bus : connected a single cable known as back bone
Advantage of star topology
Troubleshoot, and expand, and if one device fails, it does not effect
rest of the network
Advantage ring topology
it is easy to troubleshoot and as predictable performance
Advantage bus topology
 linear basic easy.
 up and requires less cable than other topologies

10. What are the basic components required
for network configuration?
The basic components required for network
configuration;
A, Nodes: the devices connected to the network,
such as:computers, printers and servers.
B, central hub of switch: central device that
connects all the nodes in a star topology network.
It manage and controls the network traffic, and all
communication b/n nodes passes through the hub.
C, Network cables: this used to physically connect
the nodes to the central hub or switch.
D, Network interface cards(NICs)

11. what are the similarities and d/n
TCP/IP and OSI network model?
• OSI: establishing connection in a pen manner b/n all the
communication cable device present a cross the globe
FUNCTIONS
• physical; multiplexes hubs.
• Data link; bridge and switch.
• Network; -layer three switches such as router and
gateway.
• Transport; network device such as network gateways
• session; connection establishment such as :
synchronization, connection termination
• presentation.; d/t syntax and semantics. It ensures that
translation of data among d/t devices.
• Application.; provide inter face b/n various users and
application

12. TCP/IP: make use protocol
FUNCTION
Application layer: provide interface b/n user and the
application.
Transport layer: similar features as that OSI model.
Internet layer/network layer: for establishment of
connection to send or receive data packets b/n
multiple users.
Network access layers: Host-to-Network layer
EX; Network access layer = Data link layer +
physical layer
BOTH a TCP/IP and OSI are : provide interface b/n
user and application..

13. what is the essential d/c b/peer-to-peer and
client-server-based network configuration
Client;- server network have a dedicate server and
specialized clients.
The client server model is a distributed
application structures that partitions tasks or work
looks b/n the provide of a reoccurrence or server
called servers and server requesters called client
A peer-to- peer economic is a decentralized
model where two parties interact to buy or sell
directly with each other.
Peer-to-peer network allows any node to operate
as both a client and server

14. What is data communication And
Networking
A. 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐚
𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧.
- process of exchange data b/n two or more
digital devices effectiveness of a data
communication.
Type of data communication
 𝐃𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 :data to the correct destinations.
 𝐀𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐲:data accurately
 𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:data ina timely manner
 J𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫: variation in the packet arrival time

15. CONT,…
• NETWORKING;- Is the process of connecting
and interacting with other people to exchange
information, ideas and resources.
And it involve building and maintaining r/ship
with colleagues, peers, mentors, and other
professional in order to expand ones networking
can take place in various professional and social
connection