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New France 1604-1663
- 1. New FranceNew France 1604-16631604-1663 © Ruth Writer© Ruth Writer Western Michigan UniversityWestern Michigan University
- 2. New France--1645New France--1645 Map by Cristian Ionita found atMap by Cristian Ionita found at http://missvhistory.blogspot.com/2013_09_01_archive.htmlhttp://missvhistory.blogspot.com/2013_09_01_archive.html
- 3. First Successful SettlementFirst Successful Settlement 100 years after Cabot--60 years100 years after Cabot--60 years after Cartierafter Cartier – For 2 generations—seasonal work onlyFor 2 generations—seasonal work only BasquesBasques NormansNormans BretonsBretons PortuguesePortuguese Only to exploit resourcesOnly to exploit resources – FishFish – FursFurs
- 4. Fish—Exploited FirstFish—Exploited First Grand BanksGrand Banks Cod—prime catchCod—prime catch Processing on shoreProcessing on shore Importance to Catholic EuropeansImportance to Catholic Europeans The Nystrom Atlas of Canada and the World.The Nystrom Atlas of Canada and the World. Chicago: Nystrom, 2003, p. 51.Chicago: Nystrom, 2003, p. 51.
- 5. Importance of FishImportance of Fish ““Europe’s rivers were polluted with excrement andEurope’s rivers were polluted with excrement and carrion, the fish gone or a source of plagues, andcarrion, the fish gone or a source of plagues, and starvation was bringing some nations to the vergestarvation was bringing some nations to the verge of extinction. Oily herring caught in the Baltic tookof extinction. Oily herring caught in the Baltic took so long to absorb the salt meant to preserve it thatso long to absorb the salt meant to preserve it that Europe’s Roman Catholics, bound by law to eat noEurope’s Roman Catholics, bound by law to eat no meat 153 days of the year, rarely tasted fish thatmeat 153 days of the year, rarely tasted fish that wasn’t in an advanced state of putrefaction.”wasn’t in an advanced state of putrefaction.” Callwood June .Callwood June . Portrait of Canada.Portrait of Canada. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1981, pg. 1.Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1981, pg. 1.
- 6. ChamplainChamplain 1567-16351567-1635 1604-1635 in New France1604-1635 in New France FATHER OF NEW FRANCEFATHER OF NEW FRANCE http://http://www.lcmm.org/shipwrecks_history/history/history_contact.htmwww.lcmm.org/shipwrecks_history/history/history_contact.htm [Lake Champlain Maritime Museum website][Lake Champlain Maritime Museum website]
- 7. Who Was Champlain?Who Was Champlain? Born in France—1567Born in France—1567 Father was ship captainFather was ship captain EducatedEducated – NavigationNavigation – CartographyCartography 1599 he--sailed to West Indies1599 he--sailed to West Indies Explored Mexico, PanamaExplored Mexico, Panama Returned to France in 1601Returned to France in 1601
- 8. MotivationMotivation God—religionGod—religion Glory—fameGlory—fame Gold—wealthGold—wealth Invited to join party of adventuresInvited to join party of adventures French getting nervous about otherFrench getting nervous about other European colonizationEuropean colonization – Fishermen from Spain, Basque, EnglandFishermen from Spain, Basque, England – English base on Newfoundland--CODEnglish base on Newfoundland--COD
- 9. St. Croix IslandSt. Croix Island 16041604 On St. Croix River—Bay of FundyOn St. Croix River—Bay of Fundy MarshlandMarshland Near Maine/New Brunswick borderNear Maine/New Brunswick border Leader—Pierre dugua Sieur de MontsLeader—Pierre dugua Sieur de Monts 33rdrd try at colonization in regiontry at colonization in region
- 10. Acadia in 1600sAcadia in 1600s www.acadian.orgwww.acadian.org
- 11. Problems in Paradise? !#@*^Problems in Paradise? !#@*^ Winter weather brutalWinter weather brutal No fresh water on islandNo fresh water on island Little timber landLittle timber land No farmlandNo farmland ScurvyScurvy – 35 of 79 died 135 of 79 died 1stst winterwinter – Called the Isle of BonesCalled the Isle of Bones Safe from Natives—they KNEWSafe from Natives—they KNEW Following six photos taken at Saint Croix International Historic Site near Calais, ME, by Ruth Writer, 2004.Following six photos taken at Saint Croix International Historic Site near Calais, ME, by Ruth Writer, 2004.
- 18. Grass is Greener--AcadiaGrass is Greener--Acadia On other side of Bay of FundyOn other side of Bay of Fundy Moved in summer of 1605Moved in summer of 1605 More arrived from FranceMore arrived from France – 125 craftsmen125 craftsmen – 60 healthy beggars from Paris60 healthy beggars from Paris Became Port Royal—Annapolis ValleyBecame Port Royal—Annapolis Valley More protectedMore protected Better farmland—1Better farmland—1stst harvest in CNharvest in CN
- 19. Maps of Acadia RegionMaps of Acadia Region httpshttps://dabrownstein.wordpress.com/category/new-world://dabrownstein.wordpress.com/category/new-world//;; httphttp://:// www.thearmchairexplorer.com/maine/st-croix-island-international-historic-sitewww.thearmchairexplorer.com/maine/st-croix-island-international-historic-site; following photo is of Digby Harbor, NS,; following photo is of Digby Harbor, NS, taken by R. Writer 2004taken by R. Writer 2004
- 20. First French Settlement--1605First French Settlement--1605 Pre-Jamestown—1607Pre-Jamestown—1607 Fewer died than at Saint CroixFewer died than at Saint Croix Catholic and ProtestantCatholic and Protestant – Did not get along so…Did not get along so… Order de Bon Temps—Order de Bon Temps— – Order of Good CheerOrder of Good Cheer Daily program—lesson planDaily program—lesson plan Meals, costumes, songsMeals, costumes, songs Different man in charge dailyDifferent man in charge daily Matthew deCosta—black interpreterMatthew deCosta—black interpreter
- 22. Life in AcadiaLife in Acadia Fish, farmland, fursFish, farmland, furs Communal livingCommunal living Lived off landLived off land
- 23. Original Acadia MapOriginal Acadia Map
- 24. Habitation at Port Royal, AcadiaHabitation at Port Royal, Acadia The following photos of recreated Habitation at Port Royal, Nova Scotia, taken by R. Writer in 2004.The following photos of recreated Habitation at Port Royal, Nova Scotia, taken by R. Writer in 2004.
- 26. Fish flakes to dry codFish flakes to dry cod
- 32. First French Settlement 1605First French Settlement 1605 Pre-Jamestown—settled 1607Pre-Jamestown—settled 1607 Fewer died than St. CroixFewer died than St. Croix Catholic & ProtestantCatholic & Protestant – Did not get along wellDid not get along well – Worked out eventuallyWorked out eventually Matthew de Costa—black interpreterMatthew de Costa—black interpreter
- 33. Order de Bon TempsOrder de Bon Temps Order of Good CheerOrder of Good Cheer Daily program like lessonsDaily program like lessons MealsMeals CostumesCostumes SongsSongs Different man in charge dailyDifferent man in charge daily Provided answer to boredomProvided answer to boredom
- 34. Order de Bon TempsOrder de Bon Tempshttp://www.sophocles.com/duval/page2.htmlhttp://www.sophocles.com/duval/page2.html
- 35. Let’s move again!Let’s move again! 16071607 DeMonts returned to FranceDeMonts returned to France Problems in Port RoyalProblems in Port Royal – Native warfareNative warfare – Remote locationRemote location – Difficult to explore inlandDifficult to explore inland – Few fursFew furs – Poachers and piratesPoachers and pirates
- 36. Some stayedSome stayed Melanson FamilyMelanson Family Same area since 1605Same area since 1605 Following photos of original site at Port Royal, recreated home, and direct descendant of Melanson Family taken by RuthFollowing photos of original site at Port Royal, recreated home, and direct descendant of Melanson Family taken by Ruth Writer on site, 2004.Writer on site, 2004.
- 41. Quebec is FoundedQuebec is Founded 16081608
- 42. Champlain after 1608Champlain after 1608 Travel up the St. LawrenceTravel up the St. Lawrence To Stadacona [Quebec City]To Stadacona [Quebec City] TRUE FOUNDER of New FranceTRUE FOUNDER of New France – Permission from deMontsPermission from deMonts
- 43. Why Stadacona [Quebec]?Why Stadacona [Quebec]? Location, location, locationLocation, location, location – Entry to continental tradeEntry to continental trade – Better exploration routeBetter exploration route – Improve trade with NativesImprove trade with Natives Copper + furs=iron weapons, axesCopper + furs=iron weapons, axes DefenseDefense – on steep bluffon steep bluff – narrow watersnarrow waters – Buffer Zone--Like Dodge CityBuffer Zone--Like Dodge City Away from English settlementAway from English settlement – 1613 raid by British on Acadia1613 raid by British on Acadia Natives far away as wellNatives far away as well
- 44. Map of New FranceMap of New France httphttp://www.historymuseum.ca/virtual-museum-of-new-france/colonies-and-empires/founding-sites://www.historymuseum.ca/virtual-museum-of-new-france/colonies-and-empires/founding-sites// Map by Samuel deMap by Samuel de Champlain, 1632Champlain, 1632
- 45. Champlain’s Map of QuebecChamplain’s Map of Quebec Map of Quebec City, drawn by Samuel de Champlain in 1608 Library and Archives Canada--e010764752Map of Quebec City, drawn by Samuel de Champlain in 1608 Library and Archives Canada--e010764752
- 46. Natives were DifferentNatives were Different Changed since Cartier in 1500sChanged since Cartier in 1500s Iroquois goneIroquois gone Algonquians in place—MontagnaisAlgonquians in place—Montagnais French and Montagnais—allianceFrench and Montagnais—alliance Against Iroquois to SouthAgainst Iroquois to South Rest is history!Rest is history!
- 47. First WinterFirst Winter 1608-16091608-1609 Scurvy plagued the small settlementScurvy plagued the small settlement By spring only 8 lived of original 25By spring only 8 lived of original 25 75% died of scurvy or dysentery75% died of scurvy or dysentery
- 48. Quebec CityQuebec City Champlain—Mr. Public RelationsChamplain—Mr. Public Relations Returned frequently to France for $$Returned frequently to France for $$ Cartography still accurateCartography still accurate Didn’t care about settlementDidn’t care about settlement Wanted to exploreWanted to explore
- 49. HabitationHabitation Built of butternut woodBuilt of butternut wood Medieval castle formatMedieval castle format Moat—15 feet wideMoat—15 feet wide Near river edgeNear river edge Displayed severed heads of enemyDisplayed severed heads of enemy http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/samuel-de-champlain/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/samuel-de-champlain/ https://www.mcq.org/place-royale/lieux.php?id=10https://www.mcq.org/place-royale/lieux.php?id=10
- 50. 16091609 Supplies and men arrived in springSupplies and men arrived in spring Meant survival of New FranceMeant survival of New France Reinforcements criticalReinforcements critical Establish settlement based onEstablish settlement based on farming neededfarming needed
- 51. Western SettlementWestern Settlement Real InterestReal Interest CartographerCartographer Like dictatorLike dictator – Commanded all phases of growthCommanded all phases of growth – Enforced French lawEnforced French law – Organized fur tradeOrganized fur trade – Encouraged missionariesEncouraged missionaries Wanted to explore HochelagaWanted to explore Hochelaga [Montreal] to find inland passage[Montreal] to find inland passage
- 52. Summer trip of 1609Summer trip of 1609 Allied with Algonquians and HuronAllied with Algonquians and Huron Enemy of IroquoisEnemy of Iroquois Travel to Lachine and Richelieu RiverTravel to Lachine and Richelieu River To heart of Iroquois nation of 60,000To heart of Iroquois nation of 60,000 Reached Lake Champlain—July 1609Reached Lake Champlain—July 1609
- 53. Battle of 1609Battle of 1609 ““Champlain stepped forward dressed for warChamplain stepped forward dressed for war in bloomers & a gleaming plume toppedin bloomers & a gleaming plume topped metal bonnet on his head. He raised his gunmetal bonnet on his head. He raised his gun and aimed at the most prominent menand aimed at the most prominent men standing the length of a football field away.standing the length of a football field away. He fired the load, four pellets and 2 IroquoisHe fired the load, four pellets and 2 Iroquois chiefs dropped dead. Demoralized by thechiefs dropped dead. Demoralized by the shock of an unthinkable weapon, theshock of an unthinkable weapon, the Iroquois ran.”Iroquois ran.” Callwood June .Callwood June . Portrait of Canada.Portrait of Canada. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1981, pg. 12.Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1981, pg. 12.
- 54. Rest is History!Rest is History! Starting Line Up for French and IndianStarting Line Up for French and Indian War 150 years laterWar 150 years later http://nyindependencetrail.org/stories-champlains-battle.html; Champlain's own sketch of his battle with the Iroquoishttp://nyindependencetrail.org/stories-champlains-battle.html; Champlain's own sketch of his battle with the Iroquois
- 55. What killed Natives?What killed Natives? More than gunsMore than guns Disease—no immunityDisease—no immunity – Small poxSmall pox – MeaslesMeasles Depression and mental healthDepression and mental health Diet changesDiet changes Societal changesSocietal changes Huron lost 50% of people by 1639Huron lost 50% of people by 1639 Never regained populationNever regained population
- 56. 1613—another trip1613—another trip Traveled Ottawa River by canoeTraveled Ottawa River by canoe Became French shortcutBecame French shortcut Fear of Iroquois to SouthFear of Iroquois to South Fewer rapids and falls on OttawaFewer rapids and falls on Ottawa Thus fewer portagesThus fewer portages
- 57. Fur Trade Routes to InteriorFur Trade Routes to Interior Adapted by Ruth Writer based on maps from Ferris E. Lewis.Adapted by Ruth Writer based on maps from Ferris E. Lewis. My State and Its Story.My State and Its Story. Hillsdale, MI: Hillsdale EducationalHillsdale, MI: Hillsdale Educational Publishing, 1969.Publishing, 1969.
- 58. 16141614 Got monopoly—11 yearGot monopoly—11 year He was 40 years oldHe was 40 years old Christmas gift—marriage to HeleneChristmas gift—marriage to Helene – Age of bride 12Age of bride 12 – She lived in New France 1620-1624She lived in New France 1620-1624 – Later stayed in Paris full timeLater stayed in Paris full time – Became nun after death of husbandBecame nun after death of husband – No childrenNo children
- 59. 1615—Great Lakes Region1615—Great Lakes Region Brule—First white to…Brule—First white to… – Explore Great LakesExplore Great Lakes – Lived with First Nation PeoplesLived with First Nation Peoples 1622—Sault Ste. Marie--MICHIGAN1622—Sault Ste. Marie--MICHIGAN
- 60. Brule Memorials in OntarioBrule Memorials in Ontario
- 61. Prior slide: http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/brule_etienne_1F.html;Prior slide: http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/brule_etienne_1F.html; http://ontarioplaques.com/Plaques/Plaque_Simcoe46.htmlhttp://ontarioplaques.com/Plaques/Plaque_Simcoe46.html This slide: “Etienne Brule at the Mouth of the Humber, 1615” by C. W. Jefferys.This slide: “Etienne Brule at the Mouth of the Humber, 1615” by C. W. Jefferys. Picture Gallery of CanadianPicture Gallery of Canadian History.History. Toronto: The Ryerson Press, 1942.Toronto: The Ryerson Press, 1942.
- 62. Champlain’s later yearsChamplain’s later years Grew older—harder to travelGrew older—harder to travel Compelled to stay in settlementCompelled to stay in settlement Sense of geographySense of geography – More than EnglishMore than English – Explored interiorExplored interior – Fur trade vitalFur trade vital By 1620—Quebec fort small outpostBy 1620—Quebec fort small outpost
- 63. Permanent SettlersPermanent Settlers At first dependent on supplies fromAt first dependent on supplies from FranceFrance First job—build a house after clearingFirst job—build a house after clearing small spacesmall space Next clear land and farmNext clear land and farm Took years to develop self sufficiencyTook years to develop self sufficiency
- 64. Louis HebertLouis Hebert Lived in Port Royal but left in 1607Lived in Port Royal but left in 1607 1617—to Quebec with wife & family1617—to Quebec with wife & family First permanent New France settlerFirst permanent New France settler – Doctor and surgeonDoctor and surgeon – Granted land and salaryGranted land and salary – Farmer—lived on own food he raisedFarmer—lived on own food he raised – Raised his family there—3 childrenRaised his family there—3 children – Fell on ice and died January 25, 1627Fell on ice and died January 25, 1627
- 65. Hebert FamilyHebert Family Wife—Marie Rollet-Hebert died 1649Wife—Marie Rollet-Hebert died 1649 Traded with Mi’kmaq for medicinalTraded with Mi’kmaq for medicinal plants used as apothecaryplants used as apothecary Raised own food by 1618Raised own food by 1618 – Grains, orchards, cattleGrains, orchards, cattle – Vegetables—peas, beans, cabbage,Vegetables—peas, beans, cabbage, lettuce, melons, cucumberslettuce, melons, cucumbers 1620—first surviving French child, a1620—first surviving French child, a grandchild borngrandchild born
- 66. English Capture QuebecEnglish Capture Quebec 1629—Kirke Brothers took Quebec1629—Kirke Brothers took Quebec Role of Etienne BruleRole of Etienne Brule [see separate presentation][see separate presentation] 1632 return of New France1632 return of New France
- 68. Post ChamplainPost Champlain 1635-16631635-1663 Father of New France died 1635Father of New France died 1635 At age 68At age 68 No family except HeleneNo family except Helene ButBut – New colony establishedNew colony established – Missions in placeMissions in place – Trade establishedTrade established – Culture establishedCulture established
- 69. God and Faith--MissionariesGod and Faith--Missionaries Protestants and Catholics together at firstProtestants and Catholics together at first No Catholic priests until 1615No Catholic priests until 1615 Recollects sent to Huron countryRecollects sent to Huron country Jesuits arrived 1625Jesuits arrived 1625 – Jesuit RelationsJesuit Relations—annual reports sent to France—annual reports sent to France – Annual plea for fundingAnnual plea for funding Marie de L’Incarnation—1639 –QuebecMarie de L’Incarnation—1639 –Quebec – Founder of Ursuline convent & school for girlsFounder of Ursuline convent & school for girls – Letters sent homeLetters sent home
- 70. JesuitsJesuits Life among the NativesLife among the Natives Learned language and cultureLearned language and culture Focus on Huron nationFocus on Huron nation Ste.-Marie Among the Huron—1639Ste.-Marie Among the Huron—1639 – ChapelChapel – HospitalHospital – StablesStables – homeshomes
- 71. Role of FaithRole of Faith The Real Portrait of Marguerite Bourgeoys, 1700, painted by Pierre Le Ber Nuns attending the sick Saint Ignatius Loyola receiving the name of Christ http://www.historymuseum.ca/virtual-museum-of-new-france/population/religious-congregations/http://www.historymuseum.ca/virtual-museum-of-new-france/population/religious-congregations/
- 72. Clash of CulturesClash of Cultures Priests view of NativesPriests view of Natives Native view of PriestsNative view of Priests DiseaseDisease WarfareWarfare Conversion was intentConversion was intent Visions of mission outpostVisions of mission outpost Reality of tradeReality of trade
- 73. Iroquoian Wars—1645-1665Iroquoian Wars—1645-1665 Jesuit Martyrs—1649Jesuit Martyrs—1649 Huronia overrun by IroquoisHuronia overrun by Iroquois 1660-1—Iroquois hit all New France1660-1—Iroquois hit all New France – Fields idleFields idle – 200 killed200 killed – Fur trade haltedFur trade halted New France survivedNew France survived http://martyrs-shrine.com/http://martyrs-shrine.com/
- 74. Early New France ResidentsEarly New France Residents Maisonneuve—soldierMaisonneuve—soldier Jeanne Mance—devout laywomanJeanne Mance—devout laywoman Marguerite Boureoys—first femaleMarguerite Boureoys—first female saint—founded school 1653saint—founded school 1653 Conversion was intentConversion was intent Visions of mission outpostVisions of mission outpost Reality of tradeReality of trade
- 75. Fur TradeFur Trade LeBer-LeMoyne House, Lachine, QCLeBer-LeMoyne House, Lachine, QC http://www.historymuseum.ca/virtual-museum-of-new-france/economic-activities/fur-trade/http://www.historymuseum.ca/virtual-museum-of-new-france/economic-activities/fur-trade/
- 76. BeaverBeaver Prized peltsPrized pelts – Guard hairGuard hair – Under hairUnder hair – THE best [castor de gras] if worn forTHE best [castor de gras] if worn for winterwinter Easily trapped by NativesEasily trapped by Natives – Did not migrate—extinct in some areasDid not migrate—extinct in some areas Easily transportedEasily transported BREATHING GOLD!BREATHING GOLD! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_beaver;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_beaver; http://www.landscouncil.org/beaversolution/the_beaver_chronicles.asp; www.thefurtrapper.comhttp://www.landscouncil.org/beaversolution/the_beaver_chronicles.asp; www.thefurtrapper.com
- 77. Beaver Hats in VogueBeaver Hats in Vogue Wilson, Keith.Wilson, Keith. Fur Trade in Canada.Fur Trade in Canada. Toronto: Grolier Limited, 1980.; http://www.coincommunity.com/Toronto: Grolier Limited, 1980.; http://www.coincommunity.com/
- 78. Lachine Fur Trade MuseumLachine Fur Trade MuseumPhotos taken on site by R. WriterPhotos taken on site by R. Writer
- 79. Economic Issues of FurEconomic Issues of Fur SupplySupply – 60-400 million beaver from Rio Grande60-400 million beaver from Rio Grande to Arcticto Arctic – Estimated 10 million in Canada aloneEstimated 10 million in Canada alone 155 taken in one day on single trapper155 taken in one day on single trapper 5000 in one season5000 in one season Demand—fad of hatsDemand—fad of hats Cheap laborCheap labor – Natives trappedNatives trapped – Voyageurs transportedVoyageurs transported
- 80. Life is a highway—Life is a highway— so were the riversso were the rivers Rivers were the routes westRivers were the routes west – No real trails on land except NativeNo real trails on land except Native – Portages between rivers and lakesPortages between rivers and lakes – Paddle at a fast ratePaddle at a fast rate 16+ hours a day16+ hours a day Voyageurs legal middle menVoyageurs legal middle men Coureur de bois illegal runners theCoureur de bois illegal runners the woodswoods
- 81. Coureur de BoisCoureur de Bois Illegal traders—runners of the woodsIllegal traders—runners of the woods – Radisson and Groseilliers in 1659Radisson and Groseilliers in 1659 Brothers-in-law went into Lake SuperiorBrothers-in-law went into Lake Superior Brought back rich cargo after hard winterBrought back rich cargo after hard winter – Furs largely confiscated –60 canoes fullFurs largely confiscated –60 canoes full – That was the heavy fine for illegal tradeThat was the heavy fine for illegal trade Groseilliers also imprisoned short timeGroseilliers also imprisoned short time Formed Hudson Bay CompanyFormed Hudson Bay Company – By 1680—800 coureur de bois tradedBy 1680—800 coureur de bois traded
- 82. Groseiller and RadissonGroseiller and Radissonhttp://www.historymuseum.ca/virtual-museum-of-new-france/the-explorers/medard-chouart-des-groseilliers-1654-1660/http://www.historymuseum.ca/virtual-museum-of-new-france/the-explorers/medard-chouart-des-groseilliers-1654-1660/
- 84. Hudson Bay Company’s BirthHudson Bay Company’s Birth 16701670 Hudson Bay system of trade to NorthHudson Bay system of trade to North – French—longer supply lineFrench—longer supply line – HBC started by Radisson & GroseilliersHBC started by Radisson & Groseilliers – Took up 50% of current CanadianTook up 50% of current Canadian territoryterritory – Small posts called factoriesSmall posts called factories – Operated by factorOperated by factor STAY ON THE BAY—factory systemSTAY ON THE BAY—factory system Eliminated middle men—directEliminated middle men—direct buyingbuying
- 85. HBC better dealHBC better deal Blankets made of wool from ScotlandBlankets made of wool from Scotland – Shorter tripShorter trip – England--colonies south of New FranceEngland--colonies south of New France Competition beganCompetition began Ad fromAd from The BeaverThe Beaver, 2000; photo of store entrance in, 2000; photo of store entrance in Toronto taken by R. WriterToronto taken by R. Writer
- 86. Let the games begin!Let the games begin! England took over Albany area inEngland took over Albany area in 16641664 Charles II granted royal charterCharles II granted royal charter based on Hudson’s claimsbased on Hudson’s claims Charter to HBC in 1670Charter to HBC in 1670 Rupert’s LandRupert’s Land – Likely thought covered small area likeLikely thought covered small area like EnglandEngland – Covered 1 million square milesCovered 1 million square miles – Got investors at 300 pounds eachGot investors at 300 pounds each
- 87. Michigan’s role?Michigan’s role? Illegal trade in Michigan for yearsIllegal trade in Michigan for years Michilimackinac became postMichilimackinac became post Mackinac Island—John Jacob AstorMackinac Island—John Jacob Astor
- 88. 1635-16631635-1663 New France grew at slow paceNew France grew at slow pace – Few more familiesFew more families By 1663 only 2500 but most fur tradersBy 1663 only 2500 but most fur traders – New farm lands clearedNew farm lands cleared – Tadoussac, Quebec City, MontrealTadoussac, Quebec City, Montreal Established earlyEstablished early Trade, religious center, governmentTrade, religious center, government Town streets formed, new churchesTown streets formed, new churches – Trading post at Trois-RivieresTrading post at Trois-Rivieres English colonies rapid paceEnglish colonies rapid pace
- 89. Company of 100 AssociatesCompany of 100 Associates Royal charter intactRoyal charter intact Companies formed for profit [furs]Companies formed for profit [furs] – Monopoly in certain areaMonopoly in certain area – Little profit in farmingLittle profit in farming – Company was the governmentCompany was the government – Governor absent for 50 yearsGovernor absent for 50 years French colony but NOT ruled directlyFrench colony but NOT ruled directly by Kingby King
- 90. ResourcesResources Callwood June .Callwood June . Portrait of Canada.Portrait of Canada. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1981.Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1981. http://www.catholic.org/news/saints/story.php?id=43182http://www.catholic.org/news/saints/story.php?id=43182 http://www.historymuseum.ca/virtual-museum-of-new-france/the-explorers/medard-chouart-des-http://www.historymuseum.ca/virtual-museum-of-new-france/the-explorers/medard-chouart-des- groseilliers-1654-1660/groseilliers-1654-1660/ Moore, Christopher, “Colonization and Conflict: New France and its Rivals.” Brown, Craig editor. The Illustrated History of Canada. Toronto: Lester Publishing Limited, 2007. [pages 96-132 and 141-146] Thwaites, Reuben Gold editor. The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents: Travels and Explorations of the Jesuit Missionaries in New France 1610-1791—Vol. 1. [pages 37-43, 207-217, 245-255 and 275-291] Wilson, Keith.Wilson, Keith. Fur Trade in Canada.Fur Trade in Canada. Toronto: Grolier Limited, 1980.Toronto: Grolier Limited, 1980.
Editor's Notes
- 35 slides w/ notes 25 slides w/ photos/maps
- 31 w/ photo, map 3 hidden ONLY 40 w/ notes