Saudi Arabia focuses on waste management and recycling

Copyright © 2015 NewBase www.hawkenergy.net Edited by Khaled Al Awadi – Energy Consultant All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, redistributed,
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NewBase 12 October 2015 - Issue No. 705 Senior Editor Eng. Khaled Al Awadi
NewBase For discussion or further details on the news below you may contact us on +971504822502, Dubai, UAE
Raising waste management awareness vital in Kingdom
Saudi Gazette
The 5th Edition Waste Management & Recycling Summit 2015 brought by Nispana, is taking
place in the Le Meridian Hotel, Jeddah, on Oct. 11-12, 2015. This year summit is focusing on
moving Saudi Arabia to have more sustainable and waste-free future.
It will give the chance for the attendees to learn more about the importance of having waste
management system, as well as, provide them with the needed information about the types of
waste and the process of the recycling.
On the first day, the conference sessions discussed several vital topics such as the waste of
segregation, collection from individual or community bins and its transportation and disposal.
The speakers also discussed the challenges that many are facing when it comes to managing,
treating, transporting and recycling high waste generation growth with the need for reduction in the
ecological footprint. The concerns with pathological, infectious, radioactive and pharmaceutical

wastes and the need for proper treatment before disposal were one of the topics that were tackled
in the summit.
On Sunday, they also talked about the regulations, modeling and structure involved in healthcare
waste management, handling and transportation of medical waste labeling, packaging and safe
disposal of hazardous and radioactive medical waste after treatment. The harmful effects of
untreated chemical wastes on the environment and living beings exposed to them was also a topic
in this summit.
Cluster Leader Environment – Greater Middle East and Africa of Tetra Pak, Rodney Reynders,
told Saudi Gazette his company’s participating in this summit is important because currently there
is not any dedicated recycling plant in Saudi Arabia.
He said “what is equally important really at this particular summit is to create a winner with other
waste management companies and collection companies that we need them to know if cartons
can be recycled, how can we collect these cartons from the marketplace. Already after my
presentation of this morning, some of the companies came to me and say that they are in the
waste collection business and they will support any initiative once we get a recycling plant running
in the region.”
He added that the reason of him and his company being in such a summit is to create awareness
about what they been globally but then focus a little bit specifically in Saudi Arabia to say that
Tetra Pak has a keen interest in the West that has been generated in cartons and it is the
company responsibility to insure that cartons cans are all been recycled in this region.
Adviser to the Director General of Occupational and Environmental Health Department in Ministry
of Health, Ammer Ahmed, said “ we are participating in this very important summit with special
emphasis on medical waste as you know improper treatment of medical waste carry a high risk to
the community, to the health-ware workers, so our goal to protect them from the medical waste
risk inside and outside the hospital.”
He illustrated that 80 percent of the waste that is generated in health care is solid waste, whereas,
20 percent is medical waste. Medical waste could be produced in many types such as, sharp
waste, radioactive waste, and chemical waste. Hospitals use color coding system in separation of
such a kind of waste. There are separated containers for each type.
Ahmed explained that in order to succeed in any program or project, one should have good
awareness plan, so having awareness about dealing with medical waste and train the worker is a
vital step.
“This summit is very important because all the
governmental bodies that are responsible about
recycle waste are in this workshop. So hopefully, this
summit will come up with more recommendations that
will be adopt with different ministries,” he added.
Adviser to Deputy Mayor in Makkah Municipality, Dr.
Akram Hassan, Deputy Director of Environmental and
Occupational Health in Jeddah, Dr. Ali Ahmed Theban,
General Manager, Operation & Maintenance, Royal Commission for Jubail, Eng.Sultan A.
Alkhuraissi, are some of the summit speakers.

Saudi Aramco considers a second refinery in Yanbu complex
Reuters – http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/10/11/us-aramco-refinery-idUSKCN0S50WL20151011 ( images by NewBase )
State oil giant Saudi Aramco is considering building a $20 billion refining and petrochemical
complex at Yanbu on the Red Sea coast, industry sources familiar with the matter said.
The new refinery would have a capacity of 400,000 barrels per day and stand next to an existing
refinery at Yanbu, wholly owned by Aramco, which has a capacity of 240,000 bpd and would also
feed the planned petrochemical complex.
The sources said British-based Amec Foster Wheeler was expected to win the contract to execute
front-end engineering and design work for the project. Amec Foster Wheeler declined to comment,
while Aramco did not respond to a request for comment.
The project, planning for which is still in the initial stages, would be completed in 2023 if it goes
ahead, one of the sources said. Aramco has been integrating its refineries with petrochemical
production as it develops its downstream business and expands its trading of refined products.
It is already building with Dow Chemical Co a mixed-feed ethane/naphtha cracker for its
petrochemical complex in Jubail at a cost of approximately $20 billion. The kingdom's move to
become one of the world's largest oil refiners, as well as the top oil exporter, is adding an extra
dimension to its role as the main driver of OPEC policy.
Last year Aramco said its downstream investments would exceed $100 billion over the next
decade and its refining capacity would reach between 8 and 10 million bpd in coming years. It
currently has stakes in over 5 million bpd of refining capacity at home and abroad.

NewBase 12 October - 2015 Khaled Al Awadi
NewBase For discussion or further details on the news below you may contact us on +971504822502 , Dubai , UAE
Oil edges up on lower U.S. rig count, weaker dollar
Reuters + NewBase
Oil prices rose in early Asian trading on Monday after U.S. drillers cut oil rigs for six straight
weeks, while traders awaited Chinese trade data to be published following the one-week National
Holiday.
U.S. drillers removed nine oil rigs in the week ended Oct. 9, bringing the total rig count down to
605, oil services company Baker Hughes said late on Friday. That total was the least since July,
2010. Drillers had cut a total of 61 rigs over the prior five weeks.
Since hitting an all-time high of 1,609 during this week a year ago, weekly rig count reductions
have averaged 20. "Another fall in the U.S. oil rig count helped support WTI price (but) the focus
will be on the release of China's trade data, which will indicate whether low prices have kept
import demand high," ANZ said bank.
U.S. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures were trading at $49.79 per barrel at 0008 GMT,
up 16 cents from their last settlement. Internationally traded Brent futures were up 11 cents at
$52.76 a barrel.
Oil was also supported by a weaker U.S. dollar, since it makes imports for countries using
different currencies cheaper. The U.S. dollar hit three-week lows against the euro as minutes from
the Federal Reserve's September policy meeting showed the Fed in no rush to raise interest
rates.
Data from China in coming days is likely to point to further weakness in the world's second-largest
economy, starting with import and export data to be published on Tuesday.
Oil price special
coverage

Qatar sees oil price recovery in 2016
AFP
Qatar's oil minister said on Sunday he saw signs of an oil price rise in 2016 because of
a recovery in the global economy and growth in demand.
Qatar's oil minister said on Sunday (Oct 11) he saw signs of an oil price rise in 2016 because of a recovery
in the global economy and
growth in demand.
In a statement, Energy Minister
Mohammed bin Saleh al-Sada -
who is also acting president of
OPEC, the Organisation of the
Petroleum Exporting Countries -
said the oil price has "bottomed
out" and he sees signs of
recovery next year.
He said world GDP growth in
2016 is slated to be 3.4 per cent as against an expected 3.1 per cent in 2015, and that this would result in
an increase in global oil demand by 1.3 to 1.5 million barrels per day (bpd).
Growth in supplies from non-OPEC producers over the past five years has substantially reduced in 2015
and is likely to show zero to negative growth in 2016, the statement said.
"On the other hand, call on OPEC oil is expected to become healthier from 29.3 million bpd in 2015 to 30.5
million bpd in 2016 as indicated by increasing demand from both developed and emerging markets," it said.
Sada added that current low market prices have spurred oil firms to reduce their capital expenditure by
almost 20 per cent this year from US$650 billion in 2014.
"This trend of reducing investment in the oil industry could result in production shortfalls down the line," the
statement said.
Venezuela - which has been trying hard to persuade oil producers to cut output to boost prices - said on
Thursday a technical meeting of OPEC and other crude-producing countries would take place on Oct 21.
On Friday, oil edged up in New York and slipped in London as traders booked profits from the week's rally
fuelled by hopes for oversupply relief from lower US crude production.
US benchmark West Texas Intermediate (WTI) for delivery in November rose 20 cents to US$49.63 a
barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange.
Brent North Sea crude for delivery in November, the global benchmark, fell to US$52.65 a barrel in
London, a loss of 40 cents from Thursday's settlement.

NewBase Special Coverage
News Agencies News Release 12 Oct.. 2015
Climate change compels energy companies to reshape their approach
The National - Robin Mills ( images by NewBase )
The governor of the Bank of England, Mark Carney, warned last month of the danger that climate
change poses to the future of energy companies. He pointed out that a carbon budget limiting
global temperature rises to less than 2°Celsius would render between two-thirds and four-fifths of
the world’s proven reserves of oil, gas and coal “literally unburnable”.
The observation is not new, but it is notable that such a prominent figure, heading the epitome of
prudence and economic conservatism – a central bank – felt it merited a major speech.
The concept of a “carbon bubble” that climate regulations imminently endanger the valuation of oil
and gas companies, and perhaps the stability of the financial system as a whole, is very shaky.
But it is undeniable that the need to act against climate change means that oil and gas
companies, whether private or state-owned, cannot continue to exist in their present form,
certainly not beyond a time horizon of 20 or 30 years.
Oil companies have enormous strengths in leading the transition of the energy system – huge
financial resources, reputation, a global presence and many skilled engineers. But they also carry
a heavy legacy – business processes, costly fixed assets and trained people designed to optimise
the discovery and delivery of fossil fuels.
In the intensely competitive global market, made even more challenging by the plunging oil price,
shareholders are quick to punish any perceived frivolity or diversion of attention away from the
core business.
Tweaking that core business is the easiest route. Gas is the cleanest of the fossil fuels, and
Shell’s acquisition of BG further reinforces its position among the supermajors. Carbon capture
and storage allows burning oil, gas and coal without emitting carbon dioxide, but has struggled in
the face of indecision from governments and companies alike.

Oil companies increasingly use solar panels to power remote installations, and Petroleum
Development Oman will commission the world’s largest solar thermal system to generate steam to
recover heavy oil at its Amal field. But making alternative energy part of the core business, rather
than an adjunct to it, would require a radical rethink and commitment from oil companies’ leaders
and owners.
Environmentalists and others often lazily call for oil companies to turn to renewable energy,
without considering that their business is not electricity, which wind and solar produce, but fuels.
Many environmental groups, often hostile to big, multinational corporations in general, really want
the oil companies to disappear. “These are not companies we would trust to bring us into a
renewable energies future,” a Greenpeace spokesman, Travis Nichols, observed.
Between 2000 and 2010, US oil companies invested about $9 billion in renewable energy, only a
small part of their overall capital budget, but not an insignificant sum in itself. However, the
supermajors have not enjoyed success in renewables: Shell exited a large UK wind farm in 2008,
and BP sold its solar unit in 2011. France’s Total, though, still has interests in solar, including the
Shams 1 power plant in Abu Dhabi.
The most promising area for the oil companies has been bio-fuels, which fit easily with the existing
business of refining and delivering petrol and diesel to motorists. But although Shell has a venture
to produce ethanol from sugar cane in Brazil, most of the oil companies have scaled down
attempts at making “advanced” biofuels from waste and non-food crops. Without these, greater
expansion of conventional biofuels is a dead end.
National oil companies do not face the same pressure from shareholders and environmental
activists, but they confront an even greater long-term challenge – as stewards of their countries’
hydrocarbon wealth. Over the coming decades, private and state oil corporations need a way to
use their petroleum resources responsibly, while at the same time building an entirely new
business.

So how much would buying an EV cost you?
By Michael Sheetz, special to CNBC.com
Tesla CEO Elon Musk demonstrates the falcon wing doors on the new Tesla Model X Crossover
SUV during a launch event on September 29, 2015 in Fremont, California
Tesla Motors' rise as a competitive automaker selling exclusively electric powertrains — with an
alluring, even sexy, aesthetic — has come amid a flurry of electric vehicle (EV) models from
traditionally internal-combustion automakers.
Now Tesla is bringing an SUV to market, the Model X. But with a base cash price of $70,000 to
$75,000 for Tesla's Model S, its cars have always been positioned for the luxury car market more
so than for the mass market, limiting excitement among average car buyers.
When Tesla CEO Elon Musk tweeted out a rough estimate for Model X pricing on Sept. 30 — and
then added that lower-price versions were also on the way — a "regular guy" tweeted back,
"Good, some of us are middle class. Well, lower middle class, OK, dirt poor and I'll get a Tesla in
30 years used at this rate."
Tesla can't compete on cost with other EVs from the major automakers — the Nissan Leaf
($29,010), General Motors' Chevy Spark EV ($25,995) or even the BMW i3 ($42,400).
It hasn't aimed to (at least, not yet), but it is still important to think about a Tesla Model S purchase
— any EV purchase — in terms that go beyond the sticker price.
A federal EV tax
incentive, a state tax
credit, sales tax
exemptions, toll
reductions,
estimated gas
savings and even
choosing an option
like rear-wheel drive
over all-wheel drive
can together take a
bite out of Tesla's
price tag.
The federal tax
credit of up to
$7,500 is available,
based on an
individual's year-end tax bill. This means that if the buyer of an eligible EV owes $2,500 in income
taxes, their tax credit for the vehicle purchase will be $2,500. An additional caveat of the federal
tax credit is that it is a one-off — only the original buyer purchasing a new EV can receive the tax
liability reduction.
"It is hard to say without knowing someone's financial background if they will be eligible or not. But
most folks are eligible for the full $7,500 credit on the Model S," said Will Nicholas, Tesla's
Northeast regional sales manager.
The Hot Wheels Tesla Model

US - State incentives
State incentives come in two forms: indirect, such as HOV lane access and toll reductions and
income-tax credits, or sales- and excise-tax exemptions and cash rebates. In all, 19 states offer
some form of incentive.
The indirect incentives such as HOV lane access and reduced tolls are offered across many
states, including Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Maryland, New Jersey, Utah and
Washington, D.C. Cash rebates have been offered in six states — California, Connecticut, Texas,
Delaware, Massachusetts and Tennessee — and range from $2,000 to $2,500. They are often
offered on a first-come-first-serve basis, and funding levels that remain for purchases today can
vary.
For example, in Delaware 69 percent (or $151,800) of the rebate funds remain for disbursement.
They are also subject to expiration of legislation — the Texas program ended this past summer —
as well as politics. Tight budgets at the state level and a more contentious atmosphere in state
budget houses has led some EV incentives enacted in recent years to be suspended or scaled
back.
Tax credits can be larger than rebates — Colorado offers a $6,000 credit.
It's essential to figure out if you will be able to use the full amount of federal and state income-tax
credits at year-end. If your tax situation will not allow you to use these credits, it's a major blow to
the argument for buying an EV, because it doesn't bring down the price of the car by enough, said
Edmunds.com senior consumer advice editor Philip Reed.
But the incentives can also get pretty tricky — especially the bigger ones. Louisiana, for example,
offers a tax credit of up to 36 percent (it used to be 50 percent) for the incremental cost associated
with buying an alternative fuel vehicle, but it's specifically for the "alternative fuel property" in the
car, not the price of the car itself. For EV buyers, that means Louisiana's big tax credit is based on
the EV battery system cost, and that is typically the most expensive part of the car.
But it's important to remember that there is no 36 percent tax credit on the $75,000 Tesla price
tag. Tesla still estimates that a Louisiana buyer will save up to $8,000 from the incentive.
Louisiana offers a more standard 7.2 percent credit for an alternative vehicle purchase, up to
$1,500 (that used to be $3,000).
Tesla executives have been cagey in the past on exact battery cost but have said that for the
Model S it's roughly one-quarter the base price, and it is trending down as battery manufacturing
scales up.
Thirteen states and the District of Columbia offer incentives for the installation of residential EV
charging stations. Oregon, for example, offers a $750 tax credit; in California, rebates of up to
$500 are available on the purchase of a home system.
One of the most up-to-date sources on all state-by-state incentives is the website of EV charging
infrastructure company ChargePoint.
The only Model X pricing information so far was courtesy of Musk's Sept. 30 tweet, which
indicated the Model X would be about $5,000 more than the Model S.

Tesla promises that buyers of the Model X will be able to capture the same federal and state
benefits.
"The Model X will be eligible, and we anticipate taking the Model X through all the NHTSA safety
and the EPA emissions and mileage programs," Tesla's Nicholas said. "Elon's statement that the
base Model X will cost about $5,000 more than the base Model S is all we will confirm right now
as the price."
Electric car shopper dashboard
Pricing and range information for select models
Tesla Model S (All-electric EV)
Price (MSRP): $75,000
There is also, of course, the estimated gas savings, which can reach as high as $1,000 per year,
according to many online calculators. And it can be even higher in high-gas-tax states like
California. Tesla — using the average distance a person drives and the cost of the electricity to
fuel a Model S — estimates that over five years, one would save between $8,000 and $12,000.
But there's a big caveat there in the Tesla calculation "fine print." It assumes an average price for
premium gas of $3.90 per gallon over the next five years. Today that figure is actually $2.80.
The Department of Defense's eGallon calculator estimates that an electric car's per-mile fuel cost
is currently $1.22 per gallon, but that is also based on the premium gas average price per gallon.
The standard gasoline national average is currently $2.31.
Reed said that the fueling cost can be entirely wiped out with a home-charging station and
residential solar panels. "Once you get an EV, you get interested in solar." Reed said that while
many EV owners remain reluctant to upgrade from plugging into their existing household current
to a dedicated charger, it is often less expensive than anticipated — as low as $500 — and
eligible for federal and state tax credits.
Tesla's options add up quickly, however, and what was going to be a $70,000 purchase can
become more than $90,000 by adding only a few features. Purchasing the Range Upgrade to
boost the maximum range requires upgrading to the 90 kWh battery, a $13,000 increase over the

70 kWh battery. Adding the Autopilot Convenience Features, Smart Air Suspension or Ultra High
Fidelity Sound options each add another
$2,500, easily pushing the cost beyond
$90,000.
Most of the other popular EV models,
from BMW, Mercedes, Nissan and
Chevrolet, have price tags tens of
thousands of dollars below Tesla.
Earlier this week, Morgan Stanley analyst
Adam Jonas stated the Model X's initial
price would be $120,000 to $130,000 and
the sticker shock would hurt sales. While
Tesla early adopters don't tend to settle
for the base model, that "sticker shock"
implies many nonstandard options being
selected: the Model X Signature edition,
fully-loaded, carries a $132,000 price tag,
according to Tesla.
An easy way to reduce the cost of a Tesla
is by selecting the rear-wheel drive option,
instead of the standard all-wheel drive, for
a Tesla Model S 70D. That lowers the
EPA estimated range by 10 miles, but at
230 miles of range, this amounts to an
imperceptible difference in drive experience and $5,000 less in the car's price, so it's a good
option for the cost-conscious looking to snag a Tesla. Even without a state tax credit, Tesla
estimates the "true" cost of a base Model S at $52,500, but that does include its gas savings
calculator assuming a major recovery in the price of oil.
Do incentives entice buyers?
Outside of California and Georgia — No. 1 and No. 2 in EV sales last year — states that offered
the most incentives in 2014 were not necessarily selling the most EVs. Among the top 10 states
for EV sales in 2014, only California, Georgia and Illinois offered rebate programs, and in Georgia
and Illinois both programs ended earlier this year.
Buyers find state incentives to be an added benefit rather than the selling point for electric
vehicles. Georgia was an exception to the rule as consumers paired the state's generous tax
credit with local access to the Leaf from Nissan's manufacturing plant in Tennessee. Nissan
anticipates that Leaf sales will slow now that the credit has expired.
States, such as Washington (state sales-tax exemption), New York (no incentive), New Jersey
(sales-tax exemption and HOV lane access) and Florida (HOV lane access), continue to steadily
grow in EV sales without remarkable incentives.
Reed said that there are many ways to answer the question, "What are you paying for?" when it
comes to an EV, and it's important to remember that for many people it isn't just about the money.
"People make decisions based on emotion and justify with logic," Reed said. In the case of EVs.

NewBase For discussion or further details on the news below you may contact us on +971504822502, Dubai, UAE
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Khaled Malallah Al Awadi,
Energy Consultant
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME member since 1995
Hawk Energy member 2010
Mobile: +97150-4822502
khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
khdmohd@hotmail.com
Khaled Al Awadi is a UAE National with a total of 25 years of experience in
the Oil & Gas sector. Currently working as Technical Affairs Specialist for
Emirates General Petroleum Corp. “Emarat“ with external voluntary Energy
consultation for the GCC area via Hawk Energy Service as a UAE
operations base , Most of the experience were spent as the Gas Operations
Manager in Emarat , responsible for Emarat Gas Pipeline Network Facility &
gas compressor stations . Through the years, he has developed great
experiences in the designing & constructing of gas pipelines, gas metering &
regulating stations and in the engineering of supply routes. Many years were spent drafting, &
compiling gas transportation, operation & maintenance agreements along with many MOUs for the
local authorities. He has become a reference for many of the Oil & Gas Conferences held in the
UAE and Energy program broadcasted internationally, via GCC leading satellite Channels.
NewBase : For discussion or further details on the news above you may contact us on +971504822502 , Dubai , UAE
NewBase 12 Octopber 2015 K. Al Awadi

Saudi Arabia focuses on waste management and recycling

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