Neuropathology Conference 12/01/05 - Case 2
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A 62-year-old female presented with progressive left upper extremity numbness and a history of liver transplant. Differential diagnoses included malignant melanoma, foreign body reaction, glial neoplasm, and phaeohyphomycosis. Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to the fungus Cladophialophora bantiana was suspected given the presence of darkly pigmented, thick-walled muriform cells called sclerotic bodies on frozen section. Phaeohyphomycosis has a high mortality rate of 70% for C. bantiana infections and morbidity.
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1) A 55-year-old female diagnosed with cervical adenocarcinoma in situ based on crowded stratified strips and rosettes in the thinprep.
2) A 64-year-old female with a history of breast mass, suspected to have a mucinous neoplasm or lesion based on the FNA.
3) A 55-year-old male with a right inguinal lymph node FNA, initially diagnosed as a high-grade mostly necrotic malignant neoplasm which was later determined to be vimentin-positive.
Cytopathology Conference 12/01/05 - Case 1
This document discusses a case of pericardial fluid from a 36-year old female with lupus and a pericardial effusion. A special stain was performed which led to a diagnosis of Mycobacterium mucogenicum pericarditis. M. mucogenicum is a nontuberculous mycobacterium that can cause nosocomial infections after surgery or in patients on hemodialysis. It is identified through its unique 16s ribosomal unit and resistant to certain antibiotics but susceptible to others.
Cytopathology Conference 10/20/05 - Case 6
A 64-year-old female presented with a left breast mass. The differential diagnosis included colloid carcinoma, mucocele with an intraductal papilloma, or fibroadenoma with mucoid stromal degeneration. The clinicians were tasked with making a diagnosis based on the information provided.
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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