Net Sec Essay

Net Sec Essay
1. Name at least five applications and tools pre–loaded on the TargetWindows01 server desktop, and
identify whether that application starts as a service on the system or must be run manually.
WINDOWS APPLICATION LOADEDSTARTS AS SERVICE Y/N 1. tftpd32 Starts as a service 2.
FileZilla Server Interface– The interface does not start as a service and must be ran manually 3.
Wireshark – Does not start as a service and must be ran manually 4. Nessus Server Manager – Does
not start as a service and must be ran manually 5. NetWitness Investigator – Does not start as a
service and must be ran manually 2. What was the allocated source IP host address for the
TargetWindows01 server, TargetUbuntu01 server, and the IP default gateway router? ... Show more
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ajp–headers Performs a HEAD or GET request against either the root directory or any optional
directory of an Apache JServ Protocol server and returns the server response headers. ajp–methods
Discovers which options are supported by the AJP (Apache JServ Protocol) server by sending an
OPTIONS request and lists potentially risky methods. ajp–request Requests a URI over the Apache
JServ Protocol and displays the result (or stores it in a file). Different AJP methods such as; GET,
HEAD, TRACE, PUT or DELETE may be used. amqp–info Gathers information (a list of all server
properties) from an AMQP (advanced message queuing protocol) server. asn–query Maps IP
addresses to autonomous system (AS) numbers. auth–owners Attempts to find the owner of an open
TCP port by querying an auth daemon which must also be open on the target system. The auth
service, also known as identd, normally runs on port 113. auth–spoof Checks for an identd (auth)
server which is spoofing its replies. backorifice–brute Performs brute force password auditing
against the BackOrifice service. The backorifice–brute.ports script argument is mandatory (it
specifies ports to run the script against). backorifice–info Connects to a BackOrifice service and
gathers information about the host and the BackOrifice service itself. banner A simple banner
grabber which connects to an open TCP port and prints out anything sent by the listening service
within five seconds.
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The File Transfer Protocol And Server Protocol
The File Transfer Protocol, or FTP, is a client/server protocol that allows users to transfer various
types of data between hosts and servers through the TCP/IP network. FTP was originated in 1971,
when MIT engineers and other academic institutions were looking for an efficient method of file
transfer, and is one of the oldest protocols that is still in use. Though it has evolved over the years, it
mainly was used in corporate area networks; utilizing the largest network that currently exists in the
world today, the internet. Even if, as a user, you are not familiar with or do not know how FTP
works, the chance that you have participated in an FTP function is quite large. For example, any of
the download links that most people use on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For active mode, a connection is used to transmit FTP commands from a port higher than 1024 of
the client to port 21 of the server. In the stable connection, the port used by the client for receiving
data transferred to the server, and the server opens port 20 to perform the transfer requested by the
client. Although the active mode is the native mode used by FTP, problems do occur when the
server opens a connection to the client, and the clients protected behind a firewall which could
potentially cut the connection off. The other mode used for connections is passive mode. In passive
mode, it 's the client that starts all the links, and the problem of the firewall from active modes pass
from the client to the server, which solves the limitation of the number of ports accessible for this
mode of connection. Furthermore, to the connection types, there are also two kinds of execution
methods to how FTP is reputable. Standalone mode, which runs as a system process independently,
and is always active and waiting for requests, which is the recommended method for establishing an
FTP connection. The other execution mode is supervisor mode, where the FTP server process is
executed as a child process and must start each time a new connection is complete. FTP constructed
on the client–server architecture, so in addition to FTP servers, there are also FTP clients. An FTP
client is a program on a computer that initiates the connection to an

Transfer Pricing
Transfer Pricing in Developing Countries An Introduction
Topics
1. Abstract 2. International tax law & its sources 3. Brief history of International Tax Law 4. Who
gets the pie? 5. Arm 's length principle : Cornerstone of International Tax Law 6. Transfer pricing
methods 7. Problems with of source taxation of MNE 's 8. Internet & e–commerce : Achilles heel of
current International taxation regime? 9. Formulary Apportionment (FA) 10. Existing uses of
Formulary Apportionment systems in the world 11. Developing countries & Formulary
Apportionment 12. Critique of Formulary Apportionment 13. Transfer pricing and Formulary
Apportionment : One continuum 14. Conclusion 15. Acknowledgements 16. References
Section 1 Abstract The aim of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Initially, the League of Nations appointed 4 eminent economists (Prof. Bruins of Netherlands, Prof.
Einaudi of Italy, Prof. Seligman of the USA, Prof.Stamp of UK) to conduct a theoretical study of
international double taxation. Their expert report published in 1923[6] was used as the basis of the
1928 models[7] which in turn find their pattern repeated in many of the Treaties of today. 3.b) 1935
Model convention[8] The 1935 Model Convention defined the term "business income" and was the
first model treaty to contain specific provision on allocation of profit from one company to an
associated company. Though the 1935 convention was never formally adopted it was of great
significance because of the issues it dealt with. The 1935 draft adopted the principle of income
attributable to a permanent establishment based on separate accounting. Interestingly, it provided
two more methods – a) empirical method (percentage of turnover for example) b) fractional
apportionment under which net business income was determined by various factors. Further, the
1935 model provided for all items of income other than those allocable to specific sources to be
grouped together as "business income" and rendered taxable on a net basis. The 1935 draft was
mainly based on the "Carroll Report" [9] which was compiled based on Carroll 's visit to 27
countries to extensively study their tax systems. Carroll

Blogging Should Not Be As Hard As People
Blogging should not be as hard as people are painting it because with the right tools in place you
can efficiently perform any difficult task. There are basically tools to help you with anything you
can think of in the world of blogosphere. Whether you are looking for the most demanding tools to
create high quality content, craft good page title, promote your content to the right people or
convince people to share your content.
The below blogging tools are what you need to automate whatever it is you want to do and make
your activities so easy. They all loaded with useful features to ensure you get the best experience
while using them.
1. GTmetrix
Use this tool if you want to get an insight on your website performance. The tool will ... Show more
It shows popularly bookmarked pages on its home page for easy view. You can view bookmarks
added by others and can also group link with other users who has similar topics. It allows users to
import bookmarks from their web browsers to the site.
4. Google Docs
This is a free web based application from Google which allow users to create, edit, save and share
documents online and collaborate with other users. You can use it to access your blog posts from
anywhere in the world. It includes document list that contain a list of Google docs you 've created
and files you 've uploaded. Google doc has a voice typing features that doesn 't need keyboard, it
allow you to type, edit and format with your voice.
5. Google Keyword Planner
Use this free Keyword tool from Google to search for profitable keywords and ad group ideas for
your content. It is an important tool that gives you keyword statistics, show you keyword volume
and how the keyword will perform.
6. Google Feedburner
This is a web feed management service that provides users with frequently updated content from

their favorite blogs, websites and podcasts. Your subscribers can be able to receive latest posts
whenever you made a new update.
7. MailChimp
This is a useful online email marketing and email list manager you can use to manage subscribers,
create newsletters, send emails and track results. It has a strong marketing automation feature that
will deliver emails to your targeted audience.
8. FileZilla
This

Internet Of Things And The Security Cameras
Internet of Things
Sajni Sapre, Sonalika Parida, Anisha Gogia
Informatics
USC, Los Angeles sajnisap@usc.edu, parida@usc.edu, agogia@usc.edu
Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) includes objects which communicate across a variety of networks. Things
in terms of Internet of Things (IoT) encompass all those devices which have the ability to sense
and/or control and transfer data between other devices using existing network technologies. Some of
the examples are routers, switches, security cameras, control systems used in gas stations etc. This
paper begins with an introduction on IoT. As IoT includes thousands of devices, we have restricted
our scope to security cameras. Our paper discusses in detail the vulnerabilities existing in today's
security cameras, different ways in which cyber criminals can take advantage of these weaknesses
and the measures that can be taken to strengthen security in cameras.
Introduction
The world is getting smarter and better and so are the devices. With the improved technology, we
can check our mails on our watch; control our home temperature through our smartphone and much
more. The term Internet of Things is referred to any object or device which connects to the Internet
to automatically send and/or receive data [1].
The following are some of the IoT devices [1]:–
 Security systems, for example security alarms, CCTV cameras or baby monitors.
 Automated devices that remotely or automatically adjust lighting or air conditioning
 Thermostats


File Update Protocol ( Tfup )
A2: File Update Application
Abstract: The new application you aspiration to style and execute is termed trivial file Update
protocol (TFUP). The extensions represented here add conveniences to list and coordinate files
between a region and remote host, furthermore to the popular browse and write operations provided
by TFTP. To distinguish the comprehensive protocol from the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP),
it will be mentioned as the Trivial File Update Protocol (TFUP). TFUP is correlate conservatory of
TFTP as per RFC 783, as antecedently compulsory. The TFTP packet sorts and reliableness
mechanisms area unit still gift. As such, the TFUP server retains talent with TFTP purchasers. Rsync
will synchronise files between remote computers but depends on substantiation between the hosts,
as will scp and rcp. TFUP lacks this, creating it supplementary trivial and suitable for applications
everywhere authentication is not reasonable. I will supply a sketch of this application mutually with
2 state transition diagrams at the side of its functioning in Linux platform. To generate this code
triple–crown i am aiming to preserve similar directories for each purchaser and server.
The Trivial File Update Protocol
The TFUP protocol includes complete data types of TFTP; scan appeal, write appeal, information,
acknowledgement and mistake. It adds 2 new packet types; timestamp request, and timestamp,
equally as totting up substitute arranged actions for listing and browse needs for

Types of Attacks in Comnputer Security
This paper is presenting types of attacks in security of TCP/IP protocol and also defense to security
problems. Flaws in such system are due to attackers' access over machine and due to insecurity of
machine. Paper proposed solutions to the problems and discuss problems without considering their
implementation.
Attack like "TCP sequence number prediction" where spoofing is allowed on host on a local
network. A variant in TCP sequence number attack exploits the netstat service where the intruder
impersonates a host that is down. If netstat is on the target host it supplies the necessary sequence
number information on another port. Defense to this is by randomizing the increment, good logging
and alerting mechanisms.
"The joy of routing" This is the simple attack that basically depend on routing protocols that has
been used. It is further categorized in different attacks that can be "Source Routing" In which target
host reverses source route in a TCP for traffic that is returning. So facilities can be exchanged
between host and attacker. The idea to protect from attacks is to put gateways into the local net for
rejection of external packets that acting as part of the local net or to do rejection of pre–authorized
connections. Another attack is "The Routing Information Protocol (RIP)" attack is mostly used on
local networks like broadcast media. As information here sent is not checked so intruder can change
or send modified information due to which protocols that depends on

Object Oriented Programming
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (JAVA) IN INTERVIEWS 1)What is OOPs? Ans: Object
oriented programming organizes a program around its data,i.e.,objects and a set of well defined
interfaces to that data.An object–oriented program can be characterized as data controlling access to
code. 2)what is the difference between Procedural and OOPs? Ans: a) In procedural program,
programming logic follows certain procedures and the instructions are executed one after another. In
OOPs program, unit of program is object, which is nothing but combination of data and code. b) In
procedural program,data is exposed to the whole program whereas in OOPs program,it is accessible
with in the object and which in turn assures the security of the code. ... Show more content on
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Ans: final : final keyword can be used for class, method and variables.A final class cannot be
subclassed and it prevents other programmers from subclassing a secure class to invoke insecure
methods.A final method can' t be overriddenA final variable can't change from its initialized value.
finalize( ) : finalize( ) method is used just before an object is destroyed and can be called just prior
to garbage collecollection finally : finally, a key word used in exception handling, creates a block of
code that will be executed after a try/catch block has completed and before the code following the
try/catch block. The finally block will execute whether or not an exception is thrown. For example,
if a method opens a file upon exit, then you will not want the code that closes the file to be bypassed
by the exception–handling mechanism. This finally keyword is designed to address this
contingency. 15)What is UNICODE? Ans: Unicode is used for internal representation of characters
and strings and it uses 16 bits to represent each other. 16)What is Garbage Collection and how to
call it explicitly? Ans: When an object is no longer referred to by any variable, java automatically
reclaims memory used by that object. This is known as garbage collection.System.gc() method may
be used to call it explicitly. 17)What is finalize() method ? Ans: finalize () method is used just
before an object is destroyed and can be called just prior to

A Brief Note On Peer Communication And The Client Server...
Data Networking
Assignment No: 2
Ans 1.Peer to peer communication provides reliable connection, all the resources are available with
its users, inexpensive and is more robust as compared to the client–server model which is why most
applications use this type of communication. However, certain applications instant messaging, e–
mailing and video calling prefer client–server model to perform certain functions for the reasons
that follows:
 Client–server model is centralized which means all the files that are stored in the same place and
can be easily administered.
 The servers can be accessed remotely making its accessibility easier
 The peers don't need any storage space as the server keeps all the resources and information like
peer to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
 If about ten computers are connected at a time, then the quality of the communication
deteriorates.
 Back–up and recovery of every workstation connected in the system makes it tedious.
 Full–time system administrator is required.
Ans 2.No, the immediate response will not be sent to the new IP address. When a user access
www.google .com the DNS resolvers through which the website is accessed will cache the
information like the IP address for a particular TTL time which could be few hours. Now, when
changes are made, the DNS resolver all over the world that has not accessed www.google.com
which is very rare will get immediately updated but the ones that have the information cached will
not get updated till the TTL time is over. Hence, the web–cache server will send the information
with the old IP of the website to the user who is accessing the DNS server that has the information
cached and once the TTL time is over the user will be able to access the website with the new IP
address(167.45.45.46).
When a domain name resolving is done, the first place the PC will look into is the root name server(
root NS).
Ans 3.
a) TCP and SSL
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Secure Socket Layer (SSL)

 Transport Layer Protocol, helps in transportation of packets  Application layer protocol
 It provided error free and reliable communication  It is a communication security protocol
 TCP is a main protocol  TCP uses SSL to make

The Cloud Of Cloud Computing Essay
1. INTRODUCTION For years the Internet has been represented on network diagrams by a cloud
symbol until 2008 when a variety of new services started to emerge that permitted computing
resources to be accessed over the Internet termed cloud computing. Cloud computing encompasses
activities such as the use of social networking sites and other forms of interpersonal computing;
however, most of the time cloud computing is concerned with accessing online software
applications, data storage and processing power. Cloud computing is a way to increase the capacity
or add capabilities dynamically without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or
licensing new software. It extends Information Technology's (IT) existing capabilities. In the last
few years, cloud computing has grown from being a promising business concept to one of the fast
growing segments of the IT industry. But as more and more information on individuals and
companies are placed in the cloud, concerns are beginning to grow about just how safe an
environment it is. Despite of all the hype surrounding the cloud, customers are still reluctant to
deploy their business in the cloud. Security issues in cloud computing has played a major role in
slowing down its acceptance, in fact security ranked first as the greatest challenge issue of cloud
computing as depicted in figure 1. Kuyoro S. O., Ibikunle F. & Awodele O. International Journal of
Computer Networks (IJCN), Volume (3) : Issue (5) : 2011 248 FIGURE

Linux Security
Securing Linux Platforms and Applications Project Project Part 1 Task 1: Outline Security Policy
This security policy is essential to the First World Bank Savings and Loan. It is used to break up the
security plan not measurable, specific, and testable goals and objectives. This security policy would
be used to provide all current and prospective customers online banking services while keeping the
First World Saing bank competitive in the financial marketplace. This solution is also an imperative
due to an estimated revenue of $100,0000,000 flowing in by virtue of online credit card transactions
specific to banking and loan application based services. This security policy will go on to outline the
specific regulations and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This unique model and the corresponding value proposition has resulted in SuagrCRM being one of
the leading CRM product. I would still recommend against using SugarCRM as it is known to have
security flaws that make it more vulnerable to hacker attacks. 2. Mono – This technology is
sponsored by Novell and combines two seemingly different worlds of Microsoft and*nix into a
single agile, open source and stable realm. Mono is the open–source implementation of
Microsoft's.NET technologies. Mono allows you to develop advanced and powerful applications
(server–side) on Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows. 3.Zenoss – Zenoss consists of an alert console,
network discovery, performance monitoring, service monitoring, and inventory modules. It is an
open source IT Management suite. Zenoss offers the ability to monitor and observe your entire
network. It is free, easy to install and maintain, enterprise–ready, and modular through ZenPacks. 4.
Drupal – Drupal is a CMS that allows communities to share, publish and manage diverse kinds fo
content on a Web server. User communities are its big strength and the supporters easily run into
thousands.Content management systems (CMSs) provide a collaborative environment for corporate
Web sites, social networking sites, community portals, intranets, e–commerce applications and
discussion sites. Drupal has a plethora of possible add–ons that

Cyberbullying And Its Effect On Children Essay
The internet is the single worldwide computer network that interconnects other computer networks
on which end–user services, such as world wide web sites or data archives, are located, enabling
data and other information to be exchanged (Internet, n.d.). This essay will identify and discuss one
concern for users of the internet, which is cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is carried out through cell
phones, computers, e–mails and any other electronic devices or social media sites. Cyberbullying
has the potential to be devastating to children, adolescents and adults as it is being cruel to others by
sending or posting harmful material or engaging in other forms of social aggression using the
internet or other digital technologies (Morgan, 2013). Firstly, this essay will look at the internet,
what it is, when it came about, what it is used for and the benefits and disadvantages of the internet.
Secondly, I will discuss cyberbullying, what it means, the concern, what is involved, and who is
involved. Thirdly, the effects of cyberbullying, why and how has it become a concern, consequences
for those involved, how bad the problem is, and will it continue to be a growing concern unless
something is done. And lastly, what is being done to address the problem of cyberbullying, what is
the government doing about the problem, people and organizations that are or need to be involved,
and what else could be done.
The internet is a global wide area network. A system connecting computers

The Network Structure And Data Communications
Summary The assignment we were given was to make an Industry related project on a medium to
large sized company and study their network structure and data communications. We chose JMR , as
one of the team member's father works for JMR Libyan Project and could provide with enough
information required to make this project. ABC Bank is a well reputed bank in Libya. They
approached JMR for an upgrade in their banking software and also a whole network upgrade. They
also wanted an overseas datacenter to keep all the financial records and data. Due to nature of the
data they handle, they wanted very reliable security measures to prevent any hacks or breach in the
network. This project describes the network architecture, functioning, hardware and security
functions for the Network of ABC Bank. We start the project with introduction about the scenario.
Then we have gone into details about the network setup mentioning hardware and other
components, topologies, VPN, how WAN works, data center etc. All the security features have been
described as well. This project took nearly 7 weeks to finish, and during this project we came across
so many topics we have learned in classes and some new ones as well. We as a team worked
together to plan, research and complete this project. Brief Introduction about the Company JMR is a
leader in banking, financial services and insurance software and software–related services. Its is the
world's first Oracle Platinum Partner with

Internet And Local Security Applications And Protocols
Ian Robbins
Mr. Christian
Computer Applications
31 March 2015
Many things will be discussed in this essay. This essay will cover the topic of knowledge of basic
internet and local security applications and protocols, including high‐security password generation.
First, this essay will tell you things about the internet such as when it was created and who created
it. Key terms of the internet will be discussed too. Mainly the most important but basic key terms of
the internet, however. Also, this essay will tell you the importance of security applications and
protocols. Security applications and protocols are crucial for the use of computers and internet.
Furthermore, this essay will tell you about many of the security applications and protocols out there
and tell you what many of them do. Finally, this essay will explain what a high security password is,
its importance and how to even make a high security password.
The internet, in fact, has not been around for too long. The internet was invented in 1969, meaning
the internet has only been around for roughly forty–two years. However, many people did not have
access to the internet for a while after it was invented. No single person really had access to the
internet because the internet was created by the U.S. government organization D.O.D for
government use only. So, there is no single inventor of the internet. When invented in 1969, the
internet was actually called ARPA, an acronym which stood for Advanced Research Projects

Lack Of Indoor Coverage And Low Data Rates
different approach to the existing problems of lack of indoor coverage and low data rates.
Femtocells are fully featured, short range mobile phone base stations used to complement mobile
phone services from larger macrocell towers. These range from very compact residential femtocells
to larger equipment used inside offices or public spaces. They offer excellent mobile phone
coverage and data speeds at all the places. Femtocells have been developed for 3G and also the
newer 4G/LTE radio technologies.
III. DEFINITION OF A FEMTOCELL
Femtocells, also known as 'home base stations', are small low power cellular network access points
that connect standard 3GPP devices to a mobile operator's network using residential Digital
Subscriber Line ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although there are certain issues to be handled but still the following major advantages can be
listed: a) compensates for poor cellular coverage inside the homes or small enterprise. b) Provides
plug and play feature thus providing the user with ease of installation and usage. c) Compact
structure, that is the Femtocell is actually the UTRAN in a box and offers all services through
existing broadband internet connection. d) Voice and data calls takes place through the secure IP–
Sec Tunnel thus offering good quality of encryption and helps in securing the data. e) Helps in
offloading the macro traffic and cell phones automatically switch over to the Femtocell coverage
when in range. f) Femtocells are compatible with all 3GPP handheld devices and help improve the
data speed and coverage in the areas where there are slow speeds and poor coverage. g) Femtocells
can not only work efficiently with the existing network infrastructure by extending the cellular
macro network but also can serve as primary network if sufficient number of Femtocells are
provided in the region thus reducing the number of macrocells reducing equipment cost and
complexity
IV. SMALL CELL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The lab setup of Small Cell Management System along with its Network Element (NE) is as shown
in Fig 1. SCMS consists of Wireless management system (WMS), FileServer (FS), Home device
manager (HDM) and Network

Mba Of Information Communications And Technology
Bachelor of Information Communications and Technology T301 Network Design Submitted By
Lecturer Nirmal Thomas Graeme Richards (1491153) 1.Load Balancing and High Availability Load
balancing is an important solution used to distribute incoming traffic among servers. So if any
failure happens to one server it can load from another server. Thus we get maximum availability.
Increase in new servers according to demand will make sure accessibility and responsiveness, and
load balancer share in formations with new servers. It shares all the data with two or more servers.
So it's easy to get more amount of work in the same amount of time. Therefore server gets faster. It's
a good solution to implement in U20 football to maintain availability of uninterrupted Media
content. Database servers can work together and read only database servers can work easily. But all
data servers have read and write enabled data. So the best way is to copy read only data to servers.
Sync problem is the main problem to work severs together. There is no single solution to avoid the
sync problem. There are multiple solutions and all solutions

Nt1330 Unit 3 Essay
Ch 19
1. What changes does FTP make to an ASCII file when you download it in ASCII mode to a
windows machine from a Linux server? What changes are made when you download the file to a
Mac?
Unix, Linux, etc uses only a line feed at the end of each line. So transferring to a Window will add a
carriage return to each line.
New Mac's are Linux–based, transferring from a Linux to a Mac shouldn't change anything.
2. What happens if you transfer an executable program file in ASCII mode?
The file will be corrupted: Any bytes that match a NEWLINE will be altered, resulting in a program
that will not execute properly.
3. When would FTP be a better choice than SFTP?
When downloading public files
4. How would you prevent a local ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
9. After downloading a file, you find out that it doesn't match the MD5 checksum provided.
Downloading the file again gives the same incorrect checksum. What have you done wrong and
how would fix it?
It can be a few different things, maybe the file was corrupted. It could also be the site where you
downloaded it from. It could be the different settings you have set for SFTP were not allowing you
to download.
10. How would you configure vsftpd to run through xinetd, and what would be the main advantage
of this approach?
To configure vsftpd to run through xinetd, set listen=NO in
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf, and create an xinetd configuration file for vsftpd in /etc/xinetd.d. This
configuration allows you to provide finer–grained access control to the server.
Ch. 26
1. How would you tell Apache that your content is in /usr/local/www?

What you want is the DocumentRoot and Directory directives in the Apache configuration file.
In your case these should be DocumentRoot "/usr/local/www" and
2. How would you instruct an Apache server to listen on Port 81 instead of Port 80?
In httpd.conf, change the directive
Listen 80 to
Listen 81
3. How would you enable Sam to publish Web pages from his ~/website directory directory but not
allow anyone else to publish to the web? You could just add an Alias and Directory directive to your
site
4. Apache must be started as root. Why?

Cultural Background Of Bitcoin And Bitcoin
Literature Review
Introduction
In 2008, a group of people whose were allegedly led by Satoshi Nakomoto, designed a digital
currency, called Bitcoin coins. (Jacobs, 2011) There are no known facts about the identities of these
individual nor the size of this group. Most likely, the size of this group is relatively small.
(McCallum, 2014) The concept of virtual or digital currency is not original nor only inclusive to
Bitcoin. For example, Online retailer Amazon released Amazon coins in 2013. (Yahanpath &
Wilton, 2014) The unique features about Bitcoin are sacristy, decentralization, and anonymity. Since
2008, for every 10 minute, 50 BTCs will be created and rewarded to Bitcoin miners. Every four
year, the production of BTCs will be reduced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Table 1
Bitcoin Milestones (Parthemer & Klein, 2014)
Time Bitcoin Milestones
2008 Patent application submitted
1/12/2009 First bitcoin transaction
10/5/2009 Exchange rate established (US$1=1,309.03 BTC, or $.00076)
5/22/2010 First real world transaction–in Jacksonville, bitcoin is used to pay for pizza
12/8/2010 First mobile bitcoin transaction
7/20/2011 Bitcoin app for iPad released
June 2012 Coinbase – a Bitcoin wallet and platform founded – san Francisco, CA
January 2013 Bitcoin reaches $13 US
4/10/2013 Bitcoin reaches $266 US
5/2/2013 First bitcoin ATM unveiled – San Diego, CA
8/9/2013 Bloomberg get bitcoin ticker
11/10/2013 Subway starts accepting bitcoin (Allentown, PA)
11/19/2013 Bitcoin rises above $1,000(tops out at 1,242)
12/5/2013 China's Central Bank bans bitcoin transactions
Summer 2014 Bitcoin worth approximately $650
Mechanism and Features of Bitcoin
Bitcoin is a peer–to–peer networking system which is similar to Napster. Everyone can download
the applicable software on his or her computer or laptop for free and becomes a part of community.

In Napster, the users can download the music file. In Bitcoin, the uses can receive bitcoins, BTCs.
Each BTC contains a string of combination of numbers and letters. This string which ranges from
26–35 characters is named as Bitcoin address which is unique and is recreated at every transaction.
(Bitcoinwiki, 2015) By utilizing combination of public and private key cryptology, the senders can
transfer

Is The Network Perfect And No One Can See Your Information?
As today's society, network is the most popular communication and necessary tool to the people. It's
giving people convenience. People get more and more desires from internet because you can search
many things from the computer. Even though that thing is useful or un useful, whatever that is,
internet network will help you to find out an answer. However, there are millions of the people in
the world using the internet. Is that safe? Is the network perfect and no one can see your
information? Does it have a trouble to us? Let's explore this briefly and see if we need to take steps
to protect our system. "Crime Triangle" is the word to describe or explain that certain criteria must
exist before a crime can occur. We can use this word or this triangle as a model to the network
security. The same criteria must exist to accomplish the network security breach. For the criteria,
there are three of them, as shown the diagram below. Opportunity
Motive Means
One of them is motive. For an intruder, he must have a reason to breach the security, whatever
reason that could be, even if the reason is "just for fun". Otherwise, he will not bother and breach
that security. Second is the means. Means is the intruder's ability. Does the intruder have an enough
knowledge or skill to breach the security? Or he will not able to breach the security. Third is the

Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Introduction
Cisco Unified Communications Manager (formerly Cisco Unified CallManager) serves as the
software–based call–processing component of the Cisco Unified Communications family of
products. A wide range of Cisco Media Convergence Servers provides high–availability server
platforms for Cisco Unified Communications Manager call processing, services, and applications.
The Cisco Unified Communications Manager system extends enterprise telephony features and
functions to packet telephony network devices such as IP phones, media processing devices, voice–
over–IP (VoIP) gateways, and multimedia applications. Additional data, voice, and video services,
such as unified messaging, multimedia ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Distribution of Cisco Unified Communications Manager and all Cisco Unified IP Phones, gateways,
and applications across an IP network provides a distributed, virtual telephony network. This
architecture improves system availability and scalability. Call admission control ensures that voice
quality of service (QoS) is maintained across constricted WAN link and automatically diverts calls
to alternate public switched telephone network (PSTN) routes when WAN bandwidth is not
available.
A web–browsable interface to the configuration database provides the capability for remote device
and system configuration. This interface also provides access to HTML–based online help for users
and administrators.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager, designed to work like an appliance, refers to the following
functions: * Cisco Unified Communications Manager servers can get preinstalled with software to
ease customer and partner deployment and automatically search for updates and notify
administrators when key security fixes and software upgrades are available for their system.This
process comprises Electronic Software Upgrade Notification. * You can upgrade Cisco Unified
Communications Manager servers while they continue to process calls, so upgrades take place with
minimal downtime. * Cisco Unified Communications Manager supports the Asian and Middle
Eastern markets by providing support for Unicode on higher resolution phone displays. *

Grandstream Networks: User Manual
User Manual
BudgeTone–100 Series
IP Phone
For Firmware Version 1.0.8.32
Grandstream Networks, Inc. www.grandstream.com Grandstream Networks, Inc.
BudgeTone–100 User Manual
Table of Contents
1 WELCOME
–4–
2 INSTALLATION
–5–
2.1 INTERCONNECTION DIAGRAM
3 WHAT IS INCLUDED IN THE PACKAGE
–6–7–
3.1 SAFETY COMPLIANCES
3.2 WARRANTY
–7–7–
4 PRODUCT OVERVIEW
–8–
4.1 KEY FEATURES
4.2 HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS
5 BASIC OPERATIONS

5.1 GET FAMILIAR WITH LCD/LED
5.2 GET FAMILIAR WITH KEYPAD
5.3 MAKE PHONE CALLS
5.3.1
Make Calls using Numbers
5.3.2
Make Calls using IP Address
5.3.3
Answer an Incoming Call
5.3.4
Handset Mode, Speakerphone/Headset Mode
5.3.5
Call Hold
5.3.6
Call Waiting and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
End user should contact the company from whom you purchased the product for replacement, repair
or refund.
If you purchased the product directly from Grandstream, contact your Grandstream Sales and
Service
Representative for a RMA (Return Materials Authorization) number.
Grandstream reserves the right to remedy warranty policy without prior notification.
Warning: Please do not attempt to use a different power adaptor. Using other power adaptor may
damage the BudgeTone–100 IP telephone and will void the manufacturer warranty.
Caution: Changes or modifications to this product not expressly approved by Grandstream, or
operation of this product in any way other than as detailed by this User Manual, could void your
manufacturer warranty.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. No part of this document may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose
without the express written permission of Grandstream Networks, Inc..
–7–
Grandstream Networks, Inc.
BudgeTone–100 User Manual
4
Product Overview
Grandstream IP Phone is a next generation IP network telephone based on industry open standard
SIP
(Session Initiation Protocol). Built on innovative technology, Grandstream IP Phone features market

leading superb sound quality and rich functionalities at mass–affordable price.
4.1

Figure 1 show a simple diagram of wide area network (WAN)...
Figure 1 show a simple diagram of wide area network (WAN) connected with few local area
networks (LAN). WAN is a network that covers a large geographical area. Internet is one of the best
example of WAN has the largest area network over national region and worldwide connected to let
devices located at everywhere connect to each other through this enormous network area. LAN
allows connecting to computers and devices in a limited geographical area, LAN normally build in
small area such as home, office building and school area. In Figure 1, the star topology is applied in
WAN, centralized storage server act as a central point connect other LAN, it will not affect the
entire network if any connection between LAN and WAN failure.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Basically, centralized storage server applied when a international company having a big project
world widely. Various type of severs in centralized storage server helps to manage and store huge
amount of resources. Database server is one of the servers used to store the information of project
systematically in database. Message server used to deliver, facilitate the message or data among all
client who is connected to message server to ensure the communication and also the progress
synchronization of the project in different country. SFTP server is a server ensures the securities of
data file transmission with encryption between the clients and server to avoid unauthorized access of
user steal the confidential information.
In a big project a company usually involves various types of data and information take as reference.
All record must be well managed and stored for long time since those records might be needed at
future. Hence a database server is recommended instead of saving record in paper form since paper
has a limited lifespan for storage. The most common open source database is MySQL database
provide database management to user which widely use in commercial website and also big project.
The database management store and handle the data saved by user through application. The data in
database play role as a record is normally confidential. SQL is a standard query

The Security Of Data Tightly And Information Security
UCTION
In today's world transformation of data very securely and information security are the most
important categories for the organizations to follow or else the information can easily be taken away
by the enemies. In olden days the organizations used to follow the encryption and decryption for the
transformation of data securely which is known as cryptography. In cryptography the security of
data depends on how strong the encryption and decryption are said to be used. But it is not very easy
for the sender and receiver to recall all the passwords. So avoid those difficulties crypto–biometric
is used which is the combination of biometric and cryptography. The biometric is a technology that
identifies humans with their body uniqueness like fingerprints, face prints and voice patterns for the
validation purposes. In recent year's most of the analysts, trying to eradicate the password
identification and using the biometric. The combination of cryptography and biometric can
eliminate the recall of passwords because the information can be used only by the identified person.
But there are some of the problems that are faced in the biometric. The biometric system which
contains the information should not reveal any biometric features. It should also have the flexibility
of converting the varied data in to the fixed. So, the data cannot be revealed to the unauthorized
person when it was transmitted. Therefore, the result of Fingerprint based crypto–biometric system
for network

Indigenous Religion Essay
Indigenous religions, full of vibrancy and color, are often misconstrued or written off as primitive.
Examples include: Animism, a belief system that stretches back to the earliest human and is still in
practice today. It is thought to be a dangerous, shamanistic religious practice that is looked upon
negatively. Buddhism, a religion that people believe is practiced only by environmentalists and the
"hippies" of the world. The reality is it is practiced by the majority of East Asia. It has a powerful
spiritual leader that has done a lot to bring awareness about the suffering of his country. And Vodou,
which is misinterpreted to be a dangerous, violent religion where people participate in sacrificial
rituals and wild sexual orgies. It is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Animism shows up in many different religions. In Buddhism all things have a soul, and because of
that, all things are linked. There is also a rich afterlife concept, including karma and rebirth. In
Hinduism, god spirits inhabit animals, and there are evil and good spirits. In Christianity, evil spirits,
such as the devil and demons, can possess humans; there is again the concept of an afterlife,
dividing evil and good spirits in heaven and hell.
Shamans were spirit healers in early tribal communities. They believed that the spirit was housed
within the body. They healed the people of the tribes by using deep mental states of trance. Early
tribes had shamans that would make concoctions out of hallucinogenic plants to send the sick or
dying into another reality. They would dance and play music and chant while applying the
concoctions in an attempt to heal the spirit.
Animism is a powerful belief that everything has a soul. It is ancient, and because of this it has more
primitive elements such as respect for all living things. Like animism, the indigenous beliefs of
Buddhism are the foundation of many contemporary religions. Buddhism could be considered the
next evolution of the belief of animism because Buddhism shares the belief that everything has a
soul. Buddhism is also based on respecting all living things. This is what environmentalists and
hippies are attracted to in

The Internet: How it Works and How it Effects the World...
The Internet: How it Works and How it Effects the World
Many people do not understand what the Internet is the power that it has over the world.
The Internet is an extraordinary learning and entertainment tool that, when used properly, can
significantly enhance a user's ability to gather information.
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) started the Internet. It was a project
under taken by the Department Of Defense (DOD) in 1969. It started as an experiment to link
together DOD and military research including Universities doing military–funded research.
"The reliable networking part involved dynamic rerouting." (Levine 12) If one of the computers was
under enemy attack, the information could be automatically ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
"Then each group is translated into it's Hexadecimal equivalent." (Levine 18) So the number above
would translate into this:
B.49.49.28
This number is easier to use and remember.
Every four digits in the binary number stands for one hexadecimal number. Below is a list of each
four binary numbers and its hexadecimal equivalent.
BINARY HEX EQUIVALENT
0000 0
0001 1
0010 2
0011 3
0100 4
0101 5
0110 6
0111 7
1000 8
1001 9
1010 A

1011 B
1100 C
1101 D
1110 E
1111 F
To figure out the binary number in the example into its Hex equivalent is in this way:
1011 is the first four digits of the binary number. Looking at the table, it can be determined that its
hexadecimal equivalent is a "B". The second set of four binary numbers is 0100. That changes into 4
and so on.
The first four numbers of a host number tells you what class the network is. The chart bellow states
classes and sizes:
Class First Number Length of first Number Maximum Number of Hosts
A 1–126 1 16,387,064
B 128–191 2 64,516
C 192–223 3 254
Big companies like IBM and Apple usually have class A networks. "For example, IBM has network
9, and AT&T has network 12, so a host number 9.12.34.56 would be at IBM, and 12.98.76.54 would
be at AT&T." (Levine 19) Medium sized companies and universities have class B

Info Security Lab 4
1. Both Wireshark and NetWitness Investigator can be used for packet capture and analysis. Which
tool is preferred for each task, and why? While both Wireshark and NetWitness Investigator can be
used to capture network traffic, the freeware version of NetWitness Investigator has a limitation of
1G of protocol capture per session. Wireshark does not have a limitation on the size of the capture
file, which makes it better suited to protocol capture. Wireshark can be used to analyze capture files,
but NetWitness Investigator is a seven–layer protocol analyzer that provides detailed protocol
analysis and protocol behavior analysis and is much more user–friendly in terms of understanding
protocol behavior and protocol analysis. 2. What is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is an important network traffic baseline–definition. 6. Why is it important to use protocol capture
tools and protocol analyzers as an information systems security professional? Protocol capture tools
and protocol analyzers are important tools for an information systems security professional. These
utilities can be used to troubleshoot issues on the network. They can verify adherence to corporate
policies, such as whether or not clear text privacy data is being sent on the network. They can be
used to test security countermeasures and firewall deployments and are needed to perform audits,
security assessments, network baseline definitions, and identification of rogue IP devices. 7. What
are some challenges to baseline analysis? Challenges to baseline analysis include simplifying the
data for better analysis, dealing with large–size packet capture files, and working with multiple tools
to gain an accurate perspective on the network. It is important to know that base lining is not a one–
time task, but a regular part of network monitoring. 8. Why would an information systems security
practitioner want to see network traffic on both internal and external network traffic? Despite the
presence of network security devices such as firewalls and other security appliances, today's
corporate networks are still vulnerable to both internal and external attacks by hackers intent on
creating havoc. By proactively

SSD2 Module 1 Notes
MODULE 01 NOTES
SOP– STANDARD OPERING PROCEDURE
Determine the SOP purpose and target audience for distribution.
Uniforms
Your reference will be Local Policy, AR 670–1
Leaves and Passes
Your reference will be AR 600–8–10
Motor Stables
Your reference will be DA Pam 750–1
Key Control
Your reference will be AR 190–51, 190–11, 735–5
References
Citations must be accurate and thorough–title, type, number, and date of publication; online links if
appropriate; and identifying information for correspondence or meetings.
Purpose
A brief statement that outlines the purpose of the SOP, describing its function, applicability, and
objective.
Summary
A few sentences summarizing the content. Though placed near the beginning, it should be composed
last. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You should coordinate a final review of the SOP by another person or persons to correct any
grammatical and doctrinal errors prior to obtaining authentication, or the signature of the approving
authority. Now your SOP is complete and ready for distribution.
Determine your reproduction and distribution requirements in accordance with your local (unit)
procedures. Base your reproduction and distribution on a "need to know" basis and the SOP 's
security classification. Remember, any copies of the SOP not issued will require you to have a place
or area to secure them, so keep reproduction of the SOP to a bare minimum.
In this lesson, you learned to write a platoon standard operating procedure (SOP) by:
Determining the SOP purpose and target audience for distribution,
Determining the SOP content,
Determining the SOP coordination approval requirement,
Preparing the final SOP.
Communicate effectively at the direct leadership level
Methods of Human communication: Verbal or oral, nonverbal and written.

Verbal/Oral Communication – This type of communication relies on word, visual aids, and
nonverbal elements to convey the meaning. Oral communication includes discussion, speeches,
presentations, interpersonal communication and many other varieties. In face to face
communication, the tone of voice and voice tonality

Internet and Its's Services.
Internet and its services.
Richard Zuber DL
Efficient and Effective Self–Expression BC302
Bill Bagatelas
Research Paper
11/24/2001
Working with Internet does not mean just browsing www and sending and receiving e–mails. The
Basic Structure of the Internet was developed through last 30 years of existence of the Internet. The
Internet is a heterogeneous worldwide network consisting of a large number of host computers and
local area networks. The Internet uses the TCP/IP suite of protocols. This allows the integration of a
large number of different computers into one single network with highly efficient communication
between them. This way, the user can access information on all kinds of host computers from a
desktop PC, Macintosh, or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Listserv, the most popular program for managing discussion lists also handles subscription via mail
messages, archives incoming messages, and allows users to retrieve these and other archived files.
Thousands of discussion lists focusing on all kinds of topics exist on the Internet. Topics range from
various hobbies, political discussions to operational aspects of different computer systems and
research questions. For the user, discussion lists are an easy way to identify and contact a large
number of people with similar interests. A discussion list can also be considered as a worldwide
forum for expressing views and discussing opinions.
While messages are automatically sent to all subscribed users in the case of a discussion list and one
has to be subscribed in order to receive the messages, messages in Netnews are distributed between
a net of servers. Messages are organized in a hierarchy of newsgroups. Incoming messages are
stored for a particular period in a publicly accessible area. Each user can connect to this area,
browse through the stored messages, and respond to any one of them. This way Netnews allows for
a better overview of ongoing discussions but requires the user to actively connect to the respective
area.
One of the reasons for the creation of a computer network like the Internet was to give users access
to remote computers and to allow them to transfer files to and from this machine. These are typical
demands for

Ipv6 Transition
Abstract
The rapid diffusion of the Internet and development of high speed broadband networks have posed
the problem of inadequate IPv4 address space on the Internet. Moreover, this lack of address space
has been made worse by the progress made towards the ubiquitous network society, in which
various types of information equipment, mobile computers and electrical appliances communicate
on the internet. IPv6 was developed as a solution to this problem. In this paper I discussed various
features provided by IPv6 over IPv4 in terms of improved security, lower administration cost, QoS
options, mobility, auto configuration, and peer–to–peer capability etc. The transition mechanisms in
use today are discussed in details. I have conducted a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is important to understand that no matter what technology dominate the market today; tomorrow it
will have to be upgraded to fulfil the demand. When IPv4 was developed it was the latest protocol to
meet the demand of the time. Since the time has changes so has the demand, the need for change
was inevitable. IPv6 introduced the features like increased address space allocation, stateless
address configuration etc which have taken the limit of internet protocol to the edge. The reason
behind choosing the topic of the evolution of internet protocol is to gain detailed knowledge on IP
and its purpose and also discuss the issues related to the transition of IPv4 to IPv6. Besides the need
for the transition and the transition mechanisms will be discussed.
3 Scope of the Research
To conduct the research I will survey on three leading ISPs from Bangladesh. It would have been
much more informative if an interview could have been carried out in person. But since it couldn't
be done I will prepare a questionnaire to conduct a survey which will find out the current structure
of the organisations and how the transition can be done.
1. Brief History of Internet
The internet has revolutionized the computer and the communications like nothing else. It is the
capability of broadcasting world– wide, a mechanism for sending information in different formats
and the medium of collaboration and interaction between individuals and their communication
devises regardless of

PBUSE Analysis
The PBUSE system has several features for users to manage property accountability and asset
visibility roles. Internet Explorer is the primary source for accessing PBUSE at the homepage
https://pbuse.army.mil. A user must have an approved user account granted by the PBO with roles
and permissions and logon with their Common Access Card (CAC Card).
Once the user is logged in they will come to the start–up menu. The start–up menu is on the left side
of the screen provides additional links and helpful tools. These tools include: Download, Updates,
Point of Contacts (POCs), Links, Help, End User Manual (EUM), Job Aids, and PBUSE Main
Menu. The download option provides a means of downloading several vital programs that supports
PBUSE. Without ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The request process here should only be used at the property book level to request property book
shortages or items the commander desires to account for on a sub hand–receipt.
The activity register contains a history of all supply and property transactions. These include open
and closed transactions that are tracked by serial number. The function provides the capability to
search, view and/or print a report of these transactions, to reverse receipt or asset adjustment
transactions that were input erroneously, and to view input transactions.
The asset visibility menu function provides total visibility of assets owned on–hand at the unit and
property book level, along with essential related information. The information is used to support
asset reporting and asset management decisions. The sub menus are material item rollup and unit
equipment readiness. Both of these asset visibility menu options allow access to six tabs, Unit
Equipment Readiness, Materiel Item, Excess Report, Shortage Report, Excess/Shortage Report, and
Search/View Serial Number Materiel

Privacy, Security, And Compliance Coordinator ( Pscc )
Data Security Training Applicable Abbreviations: Lakewood Regional Medical Center (LRMC)
Privacy, Security and Compliance Coordinator (PSCC) 1. Employee Requirements The first line of
defense in data security is the individual LRMC user. LRMC users are responsible for the security
of all data which may come to them in whatever format. The LRMC is responsible for maintaining
ongoing training programs to inform all users of these requirements. Wear Identifying Badge so that
it may be easily viewed by others – In order to help maintain building security, all employees should
prominently display their employee identification badge. Contractors who may be in LRMC
facilities are provided with temporary facility badges. Other people who may be within LRMC
facilities should be wearing visitor badges and should be chaperoned. Challenge Unrecognized
Personnel – It is the responsibility of all LRMC personnel to take positive action to provide physical
security. If you see an unrecognized person in a restricted LRMC office location, you should
challenge them as to their right to be there. All visitors to LRMC offices must sign in at the front
desk. In addition, all visitors, excluding patients, must wear a visitor/contractor badge. All other
personnel must be employees of LRMC. Any challenged person who does not respond appropriately
should be immediately reported to supervisory staff. Secure Laptop with a Cable Lock – When out
of the office all laptop computers must be secured

The Internet And The Future Of The Internet
Internet what we call is "net". It helps any users to get information from any computer but if they
have the permission. The Internet is the network, the network that consists public, private academic,
business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic,
wireless, and optical networking technologies (Wikipedia). Internet always helps us to find any
information regarding any subjects. My paper will focus on the history of the internet, how we are
using right now and compare to before.
Internet started with the electronic computers in the 1950s. The most important time for the internet
was when it started in the 1960s as the way of government researcher to share the information. On
January 1, 1983, is considered the official birthday of the Internet because, before that, the various
computer networks did not have a standard way to communicate with each other. High–speed
internet help people to spend more 490 minutes of their day in some sort of media. The increasing
range of internet help the growth of using the internet in our every day's life. In the article, it shows
that how before when we have to check on our bank account we have to wait for it but right now, if
we want to check then we can do online without waiting for the statement to reach home and tell us.
Even the article shows that we as the human being used more internet compare to last 4 or 5 years.
According to the article, "The internet accounted for 13% of average

Building a Secure Organization
Building a Secure Organization
John Mallery
BKD, LLP
Chapter 1
It seems logical that any business, whether a commercial enterprise or a not–for–profit business,
would understand that building a secure organization is important to longterm success. When a
business implements and maintains a strong security posture, it can take advantage of numerous
benefits. An organization that can demonstrate an infrastructure protected by robust security
mechanisms can potentially see a reduction in insurance premiums being paid. A secure
organization can use its security program as a marketing tool, demonstrating to clients that it values
their business so much that it takes a very aggressive stance on protecting their information.
But ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, today's computers present a " user–friendly " face to the world. Most people are
unfamiliar with the way computers truly function and what goes on " behind the scenes. " Things
such as the
Windows Registry, ports, and services are completely unknown to most users and poorly understood
by many computer industry professionals. For example, many individuals still believe that a
Windows login password protects data on a computer. On the contrary – someone can simply take
the hard drive out of the computer, install it as a slave drive in another computer, or place it in a
USB drive enclosure, and all the data will be readily accessible.
Computer Users Are Unsophisticated
Many computer users believe that because they are skilled at generating spreadsheets, word
processing documents, and presentations, they " know everything about computers.
" These " power users" have moved beyond application basics, but many still do not understand
even basic security concepts. Many users will indiscriminately install software and visit
questionable Web sites despite the fact that these actions could violate company policies. The " bad
guys " – people who want to steal information from or wreak havoc on computers systems – have
also identified that the average user is a weak link in the security chain. As companies began
investing more money in perimeter defenses, attackers look to the path of least

Nt1330 Unit 5 Lab 1 Case Analysis
1. Lab#5
The periodic assessment of risk to agency operations or assets resulting from the operation of an
information system is an important activity. It summarizes the risks associated with the
vulnerabilities identified during the vulnerability scan. Impact refers to the magnitude of potential
harm that may be caused by successful exploitation. It is determined by the value of the resource at
risk, both in terms of its inherent (replacement) value, its importance (criticality) to business
missions, and the sensitivity of data contained within the system. The results of the system security
categorization estimations for each system, is used as an aid to determining individual impact
estimations for each finding. The level of impact is rated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Name of Operating System is Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. MS08–067:
Microsoft Windows Server Service Crafted RPC Request Handling Remote Code Execution
(958644) (uncredentialed check) i.e. the remote host is vulnerable to a buffer overrun in the 'Server'
service that may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the remote host with the 'System'
privileges and risk factor is critical. The remote host implements TCP timestamps, as defined by
RFC1323. A side effect of this feature is that the uptime of the remote host can sometimes be
computed. The remote host seems to be a VMware virtual machine. The manufacturer can be
deduced from the Ethernet OUI. It is possible to enumerate CPE names that matched on the remote
system having risk factor none. A DCE/RPC service is running on the remote host with risk factor
none. An ncacn http server is running on this port and a COM+ Internet Services (CIS) server is
listening on this port. COM+ Internet Services are RPC over HTTP tunneling and require IIS to
operate. CIS ports shouldn't be visible on internet but only behind a firewall. Also a DCE/RPC
service is running on the remote host. It is also possible to obtain the network name of the remote
host. The remote service understands the CIFS (Common Internet File System) or Server Message
Block (SMB) protocol, used to provide shared access to files,

The Firewall Essay
The Firewall
WHAT IS A NETWORK FIREWALL?
A firewall is a system or group of systems that enforces an access control policy between two or
more networks. The means by which this control is accomplished varies widely, but in principle, the
firewall is a pair of mechanisms, one that blocks traffic and one that permits traffic. Some firewalls
emphasize blocking traffic, while others emphasize permitting traffic. The most important thing to
recognize about a firewall is that it implements an access control policy. If you don't know what
kind of access you want to permit or deny, or you let someone else or some product configure a
firewall based on judgment other than yours, that entity is making policy for your whole
organization.
WHY ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Generally, firewalls are configured to protect against unauthenticated interactive logins from the
outside world. This protection, more than anything, helps prevent vandals from logging on to
machines on your network. More elaborate firewalls block traffic from the outside to the inside but
permit users on the inside to communicate freely with the outside. The firewall can protect you
against any type of network–borne attack if you unplug it.
Firewalls are also important because they are a single point where you can impose security and
auditing. If someone attacks a computer system by dialing in with a modem, tracing the perpetrator
is impossible. In contrast, the firewall can act as an effective phone tap and tracing tool. Firewalls
also provide an important logging and auditing function, summarizing topics such as the kinds and
amount of traffic that passed through it and how many attempted break–ins occurred recently.
WHAT CAN'T A FIREWALL PROTECT AGAINST?
Firewalls can't protect against attacks that don't go through the firewall. Many corporations that
connect to the Internet are very concerned about proprietary data leaking out of the company.
Unfortunately, a magnetic tape exports data just as effectively as the Internet. Many organizations
whose management is terrified of Internet connections have no coherent policy about protecting
dial–in access via modems. It's silly to build a steel door six feet thick

Internship Report
KENYATTA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Name of Author Oganga Lance.
Registration No. I17/1576/2007. Degree Programme Bsc (Computer Science). Title Industrial
Attachment Report. Period of Attachment June 2010 – Aug 2010. Placement Company Kenya
Industrial Estates Ltd., Nairobi. Co–operating Officer Mr. Njuguna J.G. Report submitted to Mr.
Waithaka, Academic Supervisor. Date submitted: September 24, 2010 | | Foreword Internship is
engaging students in service activities primarily for providing them with hands–on experience that
enhances their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most higher learning institutions in this country offer internships for their undergraduate students to
provide a smooth transition from the academic world to the working environment. Internships have
taken on an increasingly important role in business education over the past decade. Internships
provide many advantages to students ranging from gaining experience and obtaining career–related
direction to networking. Institutions offering internship programmes benefit through increased
cooperation and rapport with the industry. Employers also benefit from these programmes, as
internships can provide them with inexpensive help, new ideas and potential future employees.
Therefore, internships benefit students, institutions and employers. Acknowledgements My gratitude
goes to the Kenyatta University's department of Computing and Information Technology academic
staff that has imparted their vast knowledge and has so much assisted me during my industrial
attachment. It is through their valued support that I would be able to get my attachment and enjoy it.
Many heartfelt thanks for their support. Many thanks go to the management and the rest of the staff
at Kenya Industrial Estates Ltd (KIE). for their unwavering support and for giving me a chance to be
part of the KIE family. Worth mentioning is the invaluable support and

Bsbwor501 Final Exam Paper
B. Has your firm, or any officer of your firm, been involved in any transaction in which the firm
defaulted on a contract?
Response: No
C. Has your firm, or any office of your firm, been involved in a contract that was cancelled by the
customer?
Response: No
D. How long has your firm been in business, providing bill printing and mailing services?
Response: For over 30 years
E. Describe what type of jobs that you typically run. Include job sizes, frequency, etc. For those
jobs, what is the typical "turn–around" time from of data to receipt of the document by the postal
person?
Response: Job sizes range from 500 pieces to 150,000 pieces. Frequency is daily, weekly, monthly,
quarterly, etc. Delivery time to postal patron is one (1) to five ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
printed sheet or inserted envelope) for compliance with the job specifications. To accomplish this,
our Quality Assurance team randomly selects pieces within each department in order to compare the
produced piece against predetermined quality measures and job specifications. The random pulls are
recorded in our Quality Database which enables us to report on various quality measures and trends.
Process Quality is the second approach we use with a concentration on validating that the policies
and procedures implemented to maximize quality and customer service are being followed. We also
use Process Quality to make sure the implemented procedures are the most appropriate to achieve
the goals. This approach is better known as "continuous improvement" and was made famous by
Edward Deming. Deming taught that by adopting appropriate principles of management,
organizations can increase quality.
We have implemented these additional services for the benefit of our customers at no additional cost
to them! Quality Control and Process Quality are measured across all services and systems
companywide. These include but are not limited to data integrity, variable data printing, envelope
integrity, 100% uninterrupted work flow, on–time delivery, confidentiality, customer service
response time, accurate billing,

Operation Of Ip Data Networks
1.0 – Operation of IP Data Networks 6% 1.1 – Recognize the purpose and functions of various
network devices such as routers, switches, bridges and hubs. Repeater: – Repeater is transceiver
which basically amplifies the power of the signal. – When the signal is received by the repeater,
then it amplifies the signal and retransmits it. – Repeater is Physical Layer device. Hub: – A hub
nothing but a multiple port repeater. – When the data is received by the hub, then it retransmits that
data to all the other ports in the hub. – A hub is having single broadcast domain and single collision
domain – A hub is a physical layer device. Bridge: – Hub and Repeater is used to interconnect
network devices, whereas Bridge is used to segment the network. – Bridges uses the software
applications to forward the frames. – Bridge is having one broadcast domain and one port per
collision domain. Switch: – Switches are multi–port bridges and having the same functionality of
bridges. – The basic difference between switch and bridge is, Bridge uses the Software application
to forward frames whereas Switch uses the hardware ASIC to forward the frames. – A switch is
having one broadcast domain and one port per collision domain. Both Switches and Bridges
perform the below functionalities. – Both Switches and Bridges learn addresses from Source MAC
address of the frame. – Frames forwarded or filtered depending upon destination MAC address of
the frame. – Both Switch and Bridges

Questions On High Performance Network Design
Table of Contents TASK 2: CCCU FM radio Catch–up Service 2 TASK 3: DNS 3 TASK 4: The
HTTP Protocol 4 TASK 1: High Performance Network Design A computer network is a
communications network that permits CPUs to interchange information. In computer networks,
interacted computing devices pass information to each other along data networks. Data is moved in
the form of packets. The connections (network links) between nodes are recognised using either
cable media or wireless media. The computer network that is best known is the Internet. Network
computer devices that instigate, route and dismiss the data are called network nodes. Nodes can
contain hosts such as private computers, phones, servers as well as networking ... Show more
Also is one CPU decides to fail, it won't affect the entire system tragically and the network can keep
operating at its normal level; it will also be easy to add or remove a workstation at a later date if that
is required. The box labeled "IDS" in this network design is an invasion detection system which
may be a computer or a created design to log network movement and sense any distrustful
movement. In this diagram it is shown outside the firewall, on the semi–private network and
defending the servers on the remote network. I think that it may be a good idea to place an IDS just
inside the firewall to safeguard the complete private network since an attack may be first launched
against a workstation before being launched against a server. The IDS defending the servers could
be changed to protect the entire private network, but depending on cost and necessities it is also
good to defend your servers, particularly the mail server. Other network equipment used includes: o
Routers – They are used to route circulation between physical networks. Many routers deliver
packet cleaning using access control lists (ACLs). This can increase network safety when
constructed properly. Routers can be constructed to drop packets for some services and also drop
packets subject to the source and/or end address. Therefore routers can help

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