The document discusses problems with the Philippine educational system. It notes that the system has been heavily influenced by its colonial history under Spanish, American, and Japanese rule. Key issues it faces include affordability, as disadvantaged families have high dropout rates, and a mismatch between education and jobs available. This has led to large numbers of educated unemployed and underemployed individuals. Additionally, the country faces ongoing brain drain as many educated Filipinos go abroad for work, subsidizing other nations' economies. Proper implementation of reforms has also been a challenge for improving the system.

1. Present
Problems of
the Philippine
Educational
System
BY: ANALIZA B. BORBE

2. Introduction
Education in the Philippines is
provided by public and private
schools, colleges, universities, and
technical and vocational
institutions in the country. Funding
for public education comes from
the national government. For the
academic year 2017–2018, about
83% of K–12 students attended
public schools and about 17%
either attended private schools or
were home-schooled.

3. Introduction
With the "trifocalization" of the educational system in the country,
three government agencies handle each level of education. At the
basic education level, the Department of Education (DepEd) sets
overall educational standards and mandates standardized tests for
the K–12 basic education system, although private schools are
generally free to determine their own curriculum in accordance with
existing laws and Department regulations. On the other hand, at the
higher education level, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
supervises and regulates colleges and universities. Meanwhile, the
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)
regulates and accredits technical and vocational education
programs and institutions in the country.

4. What do
you mean by
educational
system?
Simply put, an education
system comprises everything
that goes into educating
public-school students at the
federal, state, or community
levels: Laws, policies, and
regulations. Public funding,
resource allocations, and
procedures for determining
funding levels.

5. What is the purpose of
the education system?
“The purpose of education has always
been to every one, in essence, the
same—to give the young the things they
need in order to develop in an orderly,
sequential way into members of society.

6. What is the education system in the
Philippines?
By law, education is compulsory for thirteen years (kindergarten and
grades 1–12) and is grouped into three levels: elementary school
(kindergarten–grade 6), junior high school (grades 7–10), and senior
high school (grades 11–12). They may also be grouped into four key
stages: 1st key stage (kindergarten–grade 3), 2nd key stage (grades
4–6), 3rd key stage (grades 7–10) and 4th key stage (grades 11–12).
Children usually enter kindergarten at age 5.
Institutions of higher education may be classified as either public or
private college or university, and public institutions of higher
education may further be subdivided into two types: state universities
and colleges and local colleges and universities.

7. Present Problems of the Philippine
Educational System
1. Issues - When it comes to influence, the educational
system of the Philippines has been affected immensely by
the country's colonial history including the Spanish period,
American period, and Japanese rule and occupation.
Although having been significantly influenced by all its
colonizers with regard to the educational system, the most
influential and deep-rooted contributions arose during the
American occupation (1898); it was during this
aforementioned period that:

8. Present Problems of the Philippine
Educational System
Issues - Similar to the United States, the Philippines has had an extensive and
extremely inclusive system of education including features such as higher education.
The present Philippine educational system firstly covers six years of compulsory education
(from grades 1 to 6), divided informally into two levels – both composed of three years. The
first level is known as the Primary level and the second level is known as the Intermediate
level.
Most of the Philippines faces challenging issues when it comes to the educational system.
The education system struggles with policy implementation and many government schools
lack classroom space, textbooks, desks and learning equipment such as libraries,
computers and science laboratories. The majority of government schools are run in two or
three shifts, with large class sizes. These bureaucratic weaknesses are compounded by a
local context of political and socio-religious tensions and a high rate of school principal
turnover

9. Present Problems of the Philippine
Educational System
2. Affordability - A prevalent issue the Philippine educational
system continuously encounters is the affordability of education
(or lack thereof). A big disparity in educational achievements is
evident across various social groups. Socioeconomically
disadvantaged students otherwise known as students who are
members of high and low-income poverty-stricken families, have
immensely higher drop-out rates in the elementary level

10. Present Problems of the Philippine
Educational System
3. Mismatch - There is a large mismatch between educational
training and actual jobs. This stands to be a major issue at the tertiary
level and it is furthermore the cause of the continuation of a
substantial amount of educated yet unemployed or underemployed
people. According to Dean Salvador Belaro Jr., the Cornell-educated
Congressman representing 1-Ang Edukasyon Party-list in the House
of Representatives, the number of educated unemployed reaches
around 600,000 per year. He refers to said condition as the "education
gap"

11. Present Problems of the Philippine
Educational System
4. Brain drain - Brain drain is a persistent problem evident in the
educational system of the Philippines due to the modern phenomenon
of globalization,[66] with the number of Overseas Filipino
Workers (OFWs) who worked abroad at any time during the period
April to September 2014 was estimated at 2.3 million.[67] This ongoing
mass emigration subsequently induces an unparalleled brain drain
alongside grave economic implications. Additionally, Philippine society
hitherto is footing the bill for the education of millions who successively
spend their more productive years abroad. Thus, the already poor
educational system of the Philippines indirectly subsidizes the opulent
economies who host the OFWs.

12. Present Problems of the Philippine
Educational System
5. Implementation - Sec. 4 of Republic Act No. 10157 made
kindergarten a requirement for basic education after SY 2011–
2012.[68] Sec. 4 of Republic Act. No. 10533 required an enhanced
basic education program consisting of "at least one (1) year of
kindergarten education, six (6) years of elementary education, and six
(6) years of secondary education, in that sequence."[69] Following both
Republic Acts, the first batch of K to 12 students will be graduating in
SY 2025–2026 and not in SY 2017–2018 because Kindergarten
became mandatory only after SY 2011–2012.
• This also puts to question the inclusion of Grade 11 in SY 2016–2017
as part of the same program because kindergarten was not yet
required ten years before that.

13. How can we improve the education
system in the Philippines?
• Gatchalian's 8 ways to make Philippine education system
1) Supporting K to 12.
2) Giving Free College Education.
3) Building more Public Math and Science School.
4) Instituting a National Feeding Program.
5) Higher Teacher's Salary.
6) Continuous Teacher Education.
7) Pushing for Alternative Education.
8) Reviving Mandatory ROTC.

14. Conclusion
Filipino parents value education as one of the most important legacies they
can impart to their children. It is therefore, important that the poor be given
equitable access to education. The 1987 Philippine Constitution declares that
education, particularly basic education, is a right of every Filipino.
The most important role of our education system is to build a brighter future for
our nation's students as professionals and as citizens, which hinges on its ability
to providing students with the skills to obtain well-paying, valued careers.
It is time for the focus of education to shift from what's "out there"—the
curriculum, standards, assessments, classroom arrangement, books,
technology—to the fundamental assumptions about education held by
educators and policymakers.

15. reference
"Republic Act No. 10931 : AN ACT PROMOTING UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO QUALITY TERTIARY EDUCATION BY
PROVIDING FOR FREE TUITION AND OTHER SCHOOL FEES IN STATE UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES, LOCAL
UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES AND STATE-RUN TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, ESTABLISHING THE TERTIARY
EDUCATION SUBSIDY AND STUDENT LOAN PROGRAM, STRENGTHENING THE UNIFIED STUDENT FINANCIAL
ASSISTANCE SYSTEM FOR TERTIARY EDUCATION, AND APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR". Official Gazette.
Government of the Philippines. August 3, 2017.
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