Most people could probably be described as having a moderate need for affiliation, but some people have an extremely low need and others have an extremely high need.
Murray used the term need to describe a kind of force within a person that organizes a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
A person with a high need for affiliation is so motivated to build and maintain relationships with other people that many of his or her thoughts, emotions, and actions are directed toward fulfilling this motivation.
This Slide is Prepare for B.Sc. Nursing Students. Which help to Understand Recruitment Process in Simple Language.
Contents:
01. Introduction
02. Definition
03. Sources of Recruitment
04. Methods of Recruitment
At the end of lecture students will be able to understandable:
Semantic Differential Scale
Summated Rating Scale
Anecdotal Record
Attitude Scales Measurements
Direction Degree Intensity
Critical Incident Technique
This Slide is Prepare for B.Sc. Nursing Students. Which help to Understand Recruitment Process in Simple Language.
Contents:
01. Introduction
02. Definition
03. Sources of Recruitment
04. Methods of Recruitment
At the end of lecture students will be able to understandable:
Semantic Differential Scale
Summated Rating Scale
Anecdotal Record
Attitude Scales Measurements
Direction Degree Intensity
Critical Incident Technique
ORGANIZATION: According to L. White, "Organization is the arrangement of personnel for facilitating the accomplishment of some agreed purpose through allocation of functions and responsibilities.“
Definition of Professional Organization:
A professional Organization is an organization, usually nonprofit that exists to a particular profession, to protect both public interests and the interests of professionals.
Slides prepared for beginners of nursing research or novice researchers. it will enhance and clear there basic understanding about using research designs.
What are some ways teams can benefit from diversity while working to.docxtwilacrt6k5
What are some ways teams can benefit from diversity while working together as a unit? This needs to be atleast 300 words and Please use the Reading Material Below!!!!
Do you tend to be a leader or a follower in a small group? Do you talk a lot or little? Perhaps your answers would depend on the quality of your relationships with other group members. Communication scholar Joann Keyton notes that relational communication in groups refers to the verbal and nonverbal messages that create the social fabric of a group by promoting relationships between and among group members. It is the affective or expressive dimension of group communication as opposed to the instrumental, or task-oriented, dimension.1 Relational communication theorists assert that every message people communicate to one another has both a content dimension and a relationship dimension. The content dimension of a message includes the specific information conveyed to someone. The relationship dimension involves message cues that provide hints about whether you like or dislike the person with whom you are communicating. Whether you give a public speech, talk with your spouse, or communicate with another member of a small group, you provide information about the feelings you have toward your listener in addition to the ideas you’re conveying. This chapter emphasizes the relational elements that affect the quality of the relationships you establish with other group members. Specifically, it concentrates on variables that have an important effect on the relationships you establish with others in small groups: (1) the roles you assume, (2) the norms or standards the group develops, (3) the status differences that affect the group’s productivity, (4) the power some members wield, (5) the trust that improves group performance, and (6) some additional effects of cultural differences. Roles Stop reading this chapter for just a moment, and reflect on the question “Who are you?” Now, write down ten different responses. Who Are You? 1. I am ______________________________________________ 2. I am ______________________________________________ 3. I am ______________________________________________ 4. I am ______________________________________________ 5. I am ______________________________________________ 6. I am ______________________________________________ 7. I am ______________________________________________ 8. I am ______________________________________________ 9. I am ______________________________________________ 10. I am ______________________________________________ As we noted in Chapter 2, these responses are part of your theory of yourself—your self-concept. Your self-concept—who you think you are—shapes your communication and relationships with others. Your self-concept also affects how others relate to you. In trying to reduce the uncertainty that occurs when communicating in groups, people quickly assess the behaviors of others. They assign roles—sets of expectations—to others..
ORGANIZATION: According to L. White, "Organization is the arrangement of personnel for facilitating the accomplishment of some agreed purpose through allocation of functions and responsibilities.“
Definition of Professional Organization:
A professional Organization is an organization, usually nonprofit that exists to a particular profession, to protect both public interests and the interests of professionals.
Slides prepared for beginners of nursing research or novice researchers. it will enhance and clear there basic understanding about using research designs.
What are some ways teams can benefit from diversity while working to.docxtwilacrt6k5
What are some ways teams can benefit from diversity while working together as a unit? This needs to be atleast 300 words and Please use the Reading Material Below!!!!
Do you tend to be a leader or a follower in a small group? Do you talk a lot or little? Perhaps your answers would depend on the quality of your relationships with other group members. Communication scholar Joann Keyton notes that relational communication in groups refers to the verbal and nonverbal messages that create the social fabric of a group by promoting relationships between and among group members. It is the affective or expressive dimension of group communication as opposed to the instrumental, or task-oriented, dimension.1 Relational communication theorists assert that every message people communicate to one another has both a content dimension and a relationship dimension. The content dimension of a message includes the specific information conveyed to someone. The relationship dimension involves message cues that provide hints about whether you like or dislike the person with whom you are communicating. Whether you give a public speech, talk with your spouse, or communicate with another member of a small group, you provide information about the feelings you have toward your listener in addition to the ideas you’re conveying. This chapter emphasizes the relational elements that affect the quality of the relationships you establish with other group members. Specifically, it concentrates on variables that have an important effect on the relationships you establish with others in small groups: (1) the roles you assume, (2) the norms or standards the group develops, (3) the status differences that affect the group’s productivity, (4) the power some members wield, (5) the trust that improves group performance, and (6) some additional effects of cultural differences. Roles Stop reading this chapter for just a moment, and reflect on the question “Who are you?” Now, write down ten different responses. Who Are You? 1. I am ______________________________________________ 2. I am ______________________________________________ 3. I am ______________________________________________ 4. I am ______________________________________________ 5. I am ______________________________________________ 6. I am ______________________________________________ 7. I am ______________________________________________ 8. I am ______________________________________________ 9. I am ______________________________________________ 10. I am ______________________________________________ As we noted in Chapter 2, these responses are part of your theory of yourself—your self-concept. Your self-concept—who you think you are—shapes your communication and relationships with others. Your self-concept also affects how others relate to you. In trying to reduce the uncertainty that occurs when communicating in groups, people quickly assess the behaviors of others. They assign roles—sets of expectations—to others..
Community Development,
Community Relations
Community Participation
Sociology
Social Work
Organizational behavior
Inter personal relations
Human Resource Management
Leadership and Management
Investor Relations
Presentations and Public Speaking
Self Improvement
Marketing
Need for power is defined as the desire to control or influence others.
It is not necessarily associated with actually having power, but instead with the desire to have power.
In 1933, Murray defined basic human needs and were seen as directing behavior . Varied from people to people based on individual's importance
Three Fundamental Social Motives
Need for power (also called power motivation)
Need for achievement and
Need for affiliation.
Behaviors Associated with Need for Power(Forms of exerting Power)
Use of physical or psychological aggression to force others to comply with what one wants from them.
Gaining a reputation as an important person.
Trying to affect the emotions of others e.g.by telling jokes, or by a musical or dramatic performance.
Providing (often unsolicited) advice or help.
Week 7Comments to fourPower and InfluenceCarlissaDaft d.docxmelbruce90096
Week 7:Comments to four
Power and Influence
Carlissa
Daft defines influence as the effect a person’s actions have on the attitude, values, beliefs or actions of others (p.369).
There is an expression that says first impressions last a lifetime. When you meet someone for the very first time your actions, behavior, body language, and posture will automatically “influence” them. Even the way you speak and your tone of voice can influence a person’s perception of you. This will give them a negative or positive impression of you.
In the video Amy Cuddy talked about power and power poses that can help people on an individual basis. She mentioned how these power poses can help one feel empowered and if you feel empowered this can help you get that job or promotion. This will help the way you act and the way you perceive things. Other traits that go along with power are confidence, aggressiveness, courage, charisma, knowledge, and dominance.
Sometimes, well a lot of times people are intimidated by power.
I thought it was interesting when she mentioned how the feeling of power can affect our hormones, high testosterone and low cortisol.
One thing that stood out for me in this video is “making yourself small”. I am always conscience of my posture but I never really thought about the everyday little things that I may do that may make myself seem small so I have to keep an eye out. I can’t say I have a sparkling personality and perform gestures that may make me seem small (
I enjoyed Amy’s presentation. Wonder Woman took me way back. Come to think of it most of the superheroes pose that way.
Chelsey
Power can influence others significantly whether it is through body language, as discussed in the video or verbal communication. Power determines aspects within an organization like who gets promoted and who does not get promoted. Power can influence people to do what they want, when they want establishing a sort of dependency. If someone looks at a leader within an organization as having power, people within the organization are more likely to develop a dependency on this person whether it be for information, resources, cooperation and more. As a leader to establish a sense of power within an organization could also help to encourage employees to perform work at the best of their ability. If you know the leader of an organization can supply you with what you need to get the job done, as am employee, you should work to use that to your advantage. In the video, Cuddy explains the significance of body language and how you present your body language as a leader. If you cross your arms, hunch your shoulders, or have close-closed contact with your body, that will affect how employees look at you and the power that you have over them. As a leader, if you are always crossing your arms and not presenting your body language in an assertive manner with closed postures, employees may not take you as serious and cause them to not take the job as serious, affecting .
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Leaders are often faced with ethical conundrums(a confusing and difficult problem or question). So how can they determine when they’re inching toward dangerous territory? There are three main psychological dynamics that lead to crossing moral lines.
There’s omnipotence: when someone feels so aggrandized and entitled that they believe the rules of decent behavior don’t apply to them.
Consider cultural numbness: when others play along and gradually begin to accept and embody deviant norms.
Finally, when people don’t speak up because they are thinking of more immediate rewards, we see justified neglect.
Generally most people mean well, but simply execute their job poorly sometimes and sometimes, there are BAD bosses. We must learn “to Work "on Bad Boss
According to dictionary.com, “to work” something or someone is to put them into effective operation, to operate that thing or person for productive purposes.
Put your Bad Boss into effective operation to get whatever you want in your job or career by learning your boss’s secret desire and secret fear
Two biggest issues of Bad Boss are:
They can negatively impact our work performance.
They can make life miserable
We often hear “being difficult.” about Bad Boss. It’s hard to know exactly where the difficulty lie. All we know is it is difficult to work successfully with this person.
An incompetent person is someone who is
Functionally inadequate or
Insufficient in Knowledge, Skills, Judgment, or Strength
Mindset is a mental attitude that determines how we interpret and respond to situations.
Dweck has found that it is your mindset that plays a significant role in determining achievement and success.
A mindset refers to whether you believe qualities such as intelligence and talent are fixed or changeable traits.
People with a fixed mindset believe that these qualities are inborn, fixed, and unchangeable.
Those with a growth mindset, on the other hand, believe that these abilities can be developed and strengthened by way of commitment and hard work.
Story of Katalin Karikó, a researcher who won the Nobel prize for medicine for her work on modifying the RNA molecule to avoid triggering a harmful immune response is a classical example of mindset.
Yet, her life was full of rejection and doubt.
Her achievement had much to do with her mindset.
A theory is a based upon a hypothesis and backed by evidence.
A theory presents a concept or idea that is testable.
In science, a theory is not merely a guess.
A theory is a fact-based framework for describing a phenomenon.
In psychology, theories are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Hence study of Psychology theory is essential for SSB and all types of Interviewas it helps us to understand our own developmental psychology.k
Personality theorists should study normal individuals
All behavior is interactive
The person must be studied in terms of interactions with their environment
The brain is the locus of personality
There is a biological basis to personality
Definition of Personality
1- Personality is an abstraction formulated by a theorist.
2- It refers to series of events that ideally span over life time from childhood to adulthood
3-It reflects novel, unique, recurrent and enduring patterns of behaviours – his education and training .
4- Personality is located in brain- imagination, perception
5.Personality comprises the person’s central organizing and governing processes, whose function is to
Resolve conflicts,
Satisfy needs, and
Plan for future goals.
” Emotions are complex psychological states involving three distinct components: a subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response”
"Discovering Psychology," by Don Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury
In 1972, psychologist Paul Ekman suggested that there are six basic emotions that are universal throughout human cultures: fear, disgust, anger, surprise, joy, and sadness.
In the 1980s, Robert Plutchik introduced another emotion classification system known as the wheel of emotions. This model demonstrated how different emotions can be combined or mixed together, much like the way an artist mixes primary colors to create other colors.
Plutchik proposed eight primary emotional dimensions: joy vs. sadness, anger vs. fear, trust vs. disgust, and surprise vs. anticipation.
These emotions can then be combined to create others, such as happiness + anticipation = excitement.
In 1999, Ekman expanded his list to include a number of other basic emotions, including embarrassment, excitement, contempt, shame, pride, satisfaction, and amusement
Anger is an intense emotion you feel when
Something has gone wrong or
Someone has wronged you.
It is typically characterized by feelings of
Stress,
Frustration, and
Irritation.
Anger is a perfectly normal response to frustrating or difficult situations.
Anger only becomes a problem when
It’s excessively displayed and
Begins to affect your daily functioning and the way you relate with people.
Anger can range in intensity, from a slight annoyance to rage.
It can sometimes be excessive or irrational.
In these cases, it can be hard to keep the emotion in check and could cause you to behave in ways you wouldn’t otherwise behave.
Cognitive distortions are
Negative or irrational patterns of thinking.
Simply ways that Impostor Syndrome convinces us to believe things that aren’t really true.
Inaccurate thought patterns that
Reinforce our negative self perception and
Keep us feeling bad about ourselves
These negative thought patterns can play a role in
Diminishing our motivation,
Lowering our self-esteem
Contributing to problems like
Anxiety,
Depression, and
Substance use.
Trauma Bonding is the attachment an abused person feels for their abuser, specifically in a relationship with a cyclical pattern of abuse.
Is created due to a cycle of abuse and positive reinforcement
After each circumstance of abuse, the abuser professes love, regret, and trying to make the relationship feel safe and needed for the abused person.
Hence Abused
Finds leaving an abusive situation confusing and overwhelming
Involves positive and/or loving feelings for an abuser
Also feel attached to and dependent on their abuser.
Emotional abuse involves controlling another person by using emotions to Criticize , Embarrass ,Shame ,Blame or
Manipulate .
To be abusive there must be a consistent pattern of abusive words and bullying behaviours that Wear down a person’s Self-esteem and Undermine Their mental health.
Most common in married relationships,
Mental or emotional abuse can occur in any relationship—including among
Friends
Family members and
Co-workers
Attachment-related patterns that differ between individuals are commonly called "attachment styles."
There seems to be an association between a person’s attachment characteristics early in life and in adulthood, but the correlations are far from perfect.
Many adults feel secure in their relationships and comfortable depending on others (echoing “secure” attachment in children).
Others tend to feel anxious about their connection with close others—or prefer to avoid getting close to them in the first place (echoing “insecure” attachment in children).
Borderline personality disorder, characterized by a longing for intimacy and a hypersensitivity to rejection, have shown a high prevalence and severity of insecure attachment.
Attachment styles in adulthood (similar to attachment patterns in children):
Secure
Anxious-preoccupied (high anxiety, low avoidance)
Dismissing-avoidant (low anxiety, high avoidance)
Fearful-avoidant (high anxiety, high avoidance)
Conduct disorder is an ongoing pattern of behaviour marked by emotional and behavioural problems.
Ways in which Children with conduct disorder behave are
Angry,
Aggressive,
Argumentative, and
Disruptive ways.
It is a diagnosable mental health condition that is characterized by patterns of violating
Societal norms and
Rights of others
It's estimated that around 3% of school-aged children have conduct disorder and require professional treatment .
It is more common in boys than in girls.
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a psychiatric disorder that typically emerges in childhood, between ages 6 and 8, and can last throughout adulthood.
ODD is more than just normal childhood tantrums
Frequency and severity of ODD causes difficulty at home and at school.
Children with ODD also struggle with learning problems related to their behavior.
Two types of oppositional defiant disorder:
Childhood-onset ODD:
Present from an early age
Requires early intervention and treatment to prevent it from progressing into a more serious conduct disorder
Adolescent-onset ODD:
Begins suddenly in the middle- and high-school years, causing conflict at home and in school
There have been at least 13 different types of intelligence that have been identified so far.
These different ways of being smart can help people perform in different areas from their personal life, business, to sports and relationships.
Attachment is an emotional bond with another person. John Bowlby described attachment as a "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings.“
Earliest bonds formed by children (with caregivers) have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life and Attachment so developed
Serves to keep the infant close to the mother, thus improving the child's chances of survival.
Are innate drive Children are born with and is a product of evolutionary processes
Emerges and are regulated through the process of natural selection,
Are characterized by clear behavioural and motivation patterns.
Nurturance and responsiveness were the primary determinants of attachment.
Children who maintained proximity to an attachment figure were more likely to
Receive comfort and protection, and
More likely to survive to adulthood.
e-RUPI is a person and purpose-specific cashless e-voucher designed to guarantee
that the stored money value reaches its intended beneficiary and can only be used for
the specific benefit or purpose for which it was intended. The idea is to create a minimal
logistics, leak-proof delivery mechanism for a wide range of government Direct Benefit
Transfer (DBT) programs across the country. The digital e-voucher platform can also
be used by organizations who wish to support welfare services through e-RUPI instead
of cash
The term ‘Moonlighting’ became popular in America when people started working a second job in addition to their regular 9-to-5 jobs. Since the rise of the work-from-home concept during the pandemic, employees got free time after work hours. While some took up their hobby in their free time, others started searching for part-time jobs. Especially in the IT industry, employees took up two jobs simultaneously and took advantage of the remote working model. This concept of working for two companies/organisations is referred to as moonlighting.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
Need for affiliation
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Contact -9007224278, e-mail –muktesh_prasad@yahoo.co.in
for book ”Decoding Services Selection Board” and SSB guidance and training at Shivnandani Edu and
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Need for affiliation
2. Need for Affiliation Definition
Human beings differ from each other in how much they like to associate
with other people.
Some people
Avoid being alone,
Put a high priority on their friendships, and
Try hard to please other people.
Others are just the opposite:
They are content to be alone,
They don’t put much effort into their relationships with other people, and
They aren’t very concerned about making other people happy.
People with high need for affiliation are generally
Friendly,
Outgoing,
Cooperative, and
Eager to join groups
People with low need for affiliation are
Unfriendly,
Reserved, and
Aloof.
3. Need for Affiliation Definition
Most people could probably be described
as having a moderate need for affiliation,
but some people have an extremely low
need and others have an extremely high
need.
Murray used the term need to describe a
kind of force within a person that organizes
a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
A person with a high need for affiliation is
so motivated to build and maintain
relationships with other people that many
of his or her thoughts, emotions, and
actions are directed toward fulfilling this
motivation.
4. Nature of the Need for Affiliation
Apparently people would like to have high need for affiliation as an
important part of a desirable personality as we would rather think of
themselves as being friendly than as cold or standoffish.
Advantages of High Need of Affiliation
Try hard to make other people happy, which probably helps them
build and maintain strong relationships.
Disadvantages of High Need of Affiliation
Tend to be conforming and may even go along with unwise
choices made by people around them.
Under some circumstances may also have trouble getting their
work done.
They may put such a high priority on socializing that they neglect
some of their other goals.
Hues of Need for Affiliation changes depending on the way people express
their need on other aspects of their personality.
A person who is high in the need for affiliation and also high in need
for nurturance might be extremely kind,
A person who is high in the need for affiliation and high in the need
for deference might be extremely compliant.
In other words, a group of people who are all high in the need for
affiliation might consist of people who are all outgoing, but they would
differ in other ways according to their unique need profiles.
5. Nature of the Need for Affiliation
Need to Belong and Need for affiliation
The need to belong is considered a universal human drive to
establish and maintain lasting, positive relationships with other
people.
Most researchers describe the need to belong as a component of
human nature, or something that all normal human beings
possess.
Much research suggests that if people do not maintain at least a
minimum quantity of enduring, healthy relationships, their well-being
will suffer.
The need for affiliation is used to describe people’s personalities.
People vary in how motivated they are to socialize and establish new
contacts, hence individual differences in the need for affiliation.
People who are high in the need for affiliation are more motivated
to form relationships than other people are, and as a result, they
may be more successful at fulfilling their need to belong.
6. Developments
Tests for Need of affiliation
Thematic Apperception Test(TAT), which requires respondents to
interpret a number of ambiguous pictures, to identify the strength of
people’s need for affiliation
Personality Research Form(Need for Affiliation Scale) designed by
Douglas Jackson as part of his comprehensive measure of personality
The Interpersonal Orientation Scale developed by Craig Hill, a self-
report questionnaire that measures several specific components of
affiliation motivation.
These and other tests have made it possible for researchers to find out
how the need for affiliation shapes people’s experiences.
Research on the need for affiliation confirmed Murray’s description of the
need.
Relative to people with a low need for affiliation, people with a high need
for affiliation are
More concerned about others’ acceptance,
Feel more empathy for others,
More likely to initiate contacts and friendships, and
More likely to conform to the wishes of experts who pressure them
into a decision.
7. Developments
Other research has made discoveries that Murray might not have
anticipated. For example,
Hill’s research shows that in some ways women have a higher need
for affiliation than men do.
Compared with men, women report that they get more pleasure from
interacting with other people and are more likely to seek out others’
company when they are upset.
People with a high need for affiliation can be discriminating when they
choose a conversational partner:
They prefer people who are warm and friendly to more than reserved
people.
This is in line with social psychological research that shows that
people tend to like others who are similar to themselves.
People with a high need for affiliation may also be better leaders than
people with a low need for affiliation.
Successful leaders are both ambitious and sociable meaning they are
high in both the need for achievement and the need for affiliation.
References:
Hill, C. A. (1987). Affiliation motivation: People who need people…but in
different ways. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1008-
1018.
Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in personality: A clinical and