1) The document discusses research on modeling and analyzing the response of an elevated water tank subjected to near-fault and far-field earthquake motions. 2) It outlines the objectives to evaluate the performance of different tank heights, shapes, and staging systems. 3) The scope of work includes nonlinear time history analysis of tanks from 16-24 meters in height using ground motion data from 5 locations and considering Intze, square and circular shapes.

1. BY :Shailja Upadhyay
130280715024
Semester 3 (CASAD)
Guided BY:
Prof Chirag N. Patel
Response of Elevated Water Tank
subjected to
Near-fault and Far-field Earthquake Motions
M.E. CASAD, Dissertation Phase 1
Internal Review, Semester 3
Applied Mechanics Department
L. D. College of Engineering , Gujarat Technological University

2. PRESENTATION OVER-VIEW
• Problem Definition
• General discussion
• Literature review
• Objectives for study
• Scope of work
• Proposed work plan
• Seminar topic
2

3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
• Generally the research has been conducted based on the earthquake
data recorded at any station
• The characteristics of near-fault earthquake and far field earthquakes
have significant difference.
• The seismic codes deal with problems and design procedures related to
far-field or intermediate epicentral distances
• Therefore structures located in near by vicinity will suffer large
damage even if it is designed and detail completely with codal
provision.
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 3

4. GENERAL DISCUSSION
• The main characteristic of near-fault earthquakes is the high energy
content in the lower frequency range.
• This is termed as pulse motion.
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 4

5. IDENTIFICATION OF NEAR-FAULT EARTHQUAKE RECORD CHARACTERISTICS
Ch.A. Maniatakis, I.M. Taflampas and C.C. Spyrakos
The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering
Year 2008
• Study of characteristics of earthquake ground-motion records obtained
in near-fault regions of Greece with well known international earthquakes.
• Simple expression to identify the velocity pulse type of near-source records.
• Parameters studied for earthquakes intensities greater than
VII or VIII on the Modified Mercalli scale (MMI).
• Classification of velocity pulse is done
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 5
LITERATURE REVIEW Paper 1 Paper 3
Paper 2 Paper 4

6. Assessing Seismic Behaviour of Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBFs)
Due to Near-Field Ground Motions
Tehrani Zade.M. and Haj Najafi.L.
The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering
Year 2008
• Investigation of nonlinear dynamic and static response of structure.
• 3-D steel buildings studied for 9 near-field and 3 far-field earthquake motions
• Increase in lateral forces and acceleration are noted for near field earthquake
• With increase in height modal participation effects are seen
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014
6
LITERATURE REVIEW Paper 1 Paper 3
Paper 2 Paper 4

7. Response of RC structures subjected to near-fault and far-fault earthquake
motions considering soil-structure interaction
Tavakoli.H.R, Naeej.M, Salari.A
International journal of civil and structural engineering
Volume 1, no 4, 2011
• Linear time history analysis for ordinary moment resisting frames of different
height.
• Ground motion selected are earthquake of Tabbas, Kobe and Loma Prieta
earthquake.
• Main evaluated parameters : period of structure, base shear, global displacement and
story drifts for soft and stiff soils with 100m/s and 900m/s shear wave velocity
• For soft soil soil-structure interaction becomes more effective .
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014
7
LITERATURE REVIEW Paper 1 Paper 3
Paper 2 Paper 4

8. CONSIDERATION OF NEAR-FAULT GROUND MOTION EFFECTS IN SEISMIC
DESIGN
Babak ALAVI And Helmut KRAWINKLER
12 WCEE 2000
• elastic and inelastic response of SDOF systems and MDOF frame structures subjected to
near-fault ground motions
• Global objective : develop design guidelines that provide more consistent protection for
structures
• Equivalent pulses are capable of representing the salient response features of near-fault
ground motion.
• In strong long-period structures, early yielding of upper stories occurs, while in weak
structures high ductility occur in bottom stories
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014
8
LITERATURE REVIEW Paper 1 Paper 3
Paper 2 Paper 4

9. Effects of Near-Field and Far-Field Earthquakes on Seismic Response of SDOF
System Considering Soil Structure Interaction
M. Davoodi M. Sadjadi & P. Goljahani M. Kamalian
15WCEE 2012
• Replacement of structure with equivalent SDOF system
• Total 85 ground motions were selected to study the response.
• Equations of motion of equivalent SDOF system, which have been derived in time
domain, have been solved with a numerical method
• Response of proposed SDOF system increases for near-field earthquake and hard
soil.
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 9
LITERATURE REVIEW Paper 3 Paper 5
Paper 4 Paper 6

10. Response of Protected and Unprotected
Middle-Rise Steel Frames in Far-Field and Near-Field Areas
BY: Dora Foti
Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Shock and Vibration ,
Volume 2014, Article ID 393870, 11 pages,2014
• A steel model of a five-level structure has been analysed.
• Selected ground motion : Loma Prieta 1989 earthquake
• Different bracing systems were used.
• Response of the structures subjected to near-field ground motions is higher and the
energy dissipated by the nonlinear devices is lower if compared to the frames under
far-field ground motions.
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 10
LITERATURE REVIEW Paper 3 Paper 5
Paper 4 Paper 6

11. The Effect of Near-Fault Directivity on Building Seismic Collapse Risk
Final Report to U.S. Geological Survey , 2012
• Study on behaviour of 23 reinforced concrete buildings of California.
• 91 ground motion data from PEER NGA database were chosen
• Non-linear dynamic analysis using OPENSEES
• seismic collapse behaviour is governed by the ratio of the ground motion pulse period
to the first-mode period of the building
• Study of collapse probability considering near and far field earthquake motion is
carried out
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 11
LITTRATURE REVIEW Paper 5 Paper 7
Paper 6

12. LITERATURE REVIEW Paper 1 Paper 3 Paper 5 Paper 7
Paper 2 Paper 4 Paper 6
Studies are carried out in this field to understand
- Characteristics of near field earthquake motions
- Effect of this ground motion on various structures
- experimental and analytical work
- response of RCC and Steel frames
- effect of soil structure interaction
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 12

13. OBJECTIVES FOR RESEARCH
• Implementation of valuable code provisions for seismic analysis and
design of elevated water tank.
• To evaluate performance of elevated tank considering frame and shaft
type staging under the effect of near fault and far field earthquake
motions.
• To study effect of tank’s shape, height and staging system on structural
response, subjected to near field earthquake.
• To carry out analysis and design of elevated water tank as a monolithic
structure, using STAAD-pro
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 13

14. SCOPE OF WORK
• Elevated tank of 5 lakh litres capacity to be modelled and analysed for near-
field earthquake motion.
• Method of analysis : non-linear time history analysis using STAAD
• Ground motion data for 5 locations collected from PEER NGA
• Height variation to be considered
- 16 meter
- 20 meter
- 24 meter
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 14

15. • Shape of tank : INTZE tank, square tank, circular tank
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 15
SCOPE OF WORK
• Parametric study for various height, near-fault and far field ground motion and
staging system
Type (a) Type (b) Type (c)

16. Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 16
PROPOSED WORK PLAN
Work completed
Work to be done

17. SEMINAR
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 17
• Design of silo structure using STAAD-pro

18. REFERENCES
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 18
• “Identification of near-fault earthquake record characteristics “, Ch.A. Maniatakis, I.M. Taflampas and C.C.
Spyrakos ,The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering , 2008
• “Consideration of near-fault ground motion effects in seismic design” babak ALAVI and helmut
KRAWINKLER, 12 WCEE. 2000,2655
• “Assessing seismic behavior of eccentrically braced frames (ebfs) due to near-field ground motions” ,
Tehrani Zade.M. and Haj Najafi.L. , The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering , 2008
• “A Critical Examination of Near-Field Accelerograms fromthe Sea of Marmara Region Earthquakes” Sinan
Akkar and Polat Gulkan, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92, 1, pp. 428–447, February 2002
• “Modelling of earthquake response spectra for strike slip Earthquakes in the near- and far-field” Jonas thor
snæbjornsson, ragnar sigbjörnsson, simon olafsson, 13th world conference on earthquake engineering,
2004,paper no. 2366
• “ Response of RC structures subjected to near fault and far-fault earthquake motions considering soil-
structure interaction “Tavakoli.H.R, Naeej.M, Salari.A, international journal of civil and structural
engineering volume 1, no 4, 2011 , ISSN 0976 – 4399

19. REFERENCES
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 19
• “ The Effect of Near-Fault Directivity on Building Seismic Collapse Risk “ ,Final Report to U.S. Geological
Survey , 2012
• “Effects of near-field and far-field earthquakes on seismic response of SDOF system considering soil
structure interaction” ,M. Davoodi M. Sadjadi & P. Goljahani M. Kamalian, 15 WCEE, 2012
• “On the seismic response of protected and unprotected middle-rise steel frames in far-field and near-field
areas”, dora foti, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Shock and Vibration , Volume 2014, Article ID 393870, 11
pages,2014
• IS 3370(Part 1), 2009, Concrete strucyure for storage of liquid – code of practice. Part-1 General
requirements