NCompass Live - Oct. 24, 2018 http://nlc.nebraska.gov/ncompasslive/ With the proliferation of fake (or, at least, dubious) news, students need to know the strategies necessary to be a good consumer of information. This involves fine-tuning their critical thinking skills and using prior knowledge when determining the validity of research information. This presentation will give school librarians ideas and information they can incorporate in their information literacy curriculum. Presenter: Judy Henning, Assistant Professor - School Library Program, University of Nebraska at Kearney.

1. Strategies
for Identifying
Fake News
Judy Henning, Ed. D.
University of Nebraska at Kearney-Teacher Education
● Assistant Professor--School Library Graduate Program
Former Kearney Public Schools Director of Library/Media Program

2. Presentation:
http://bit.ly/2PiowhG
As a journalism major, I thought I was able to write the news
objectively. After all, the journalists were the watchdogs of
the government.--Judy Henning, circa 2015.

3. What Do Future Ready Librarians
Need to Change?
NOT A LOT--We will need to make learning relevant.
Beef up the information literacy curriculum to include
instruction about bias & fake news:
• Make sure students are good critical thinkers and
consumers of information.
• Make sure students understand how fake news works.
• Make sure students understand political bias.

4. We Know the Supermarket Tabloids Pay Their Sources
Sensational tabloid
publications focus on gossip
and celebrity/government
official relationship. Most
supermarket tabloids openly
acknowledge that they pay
sources for tips, a practice
generally disapproved of by
the mainstream press.
Students know not to use
National Enquire as a
reference.--J. Henning

5. Online Supermarket Tabloids. . .
We need to make sure students
can identify the online version of
supermarket tabloids.

6. Fake News Defined
“fictitious articles deliberately
fabricated to deceive readers, generally
with the goal of profiting through
clickbait” --The New York Times
“fabricated content designed to fool
readers and subsequently made viral
through the Internet to crowds that
increase its dissemination.” --Politifact
aka--Today’s Tabloid (Yellow)
Journalism

7. Fake News Websites
Today anyone can be a “journalist,” because it is so much cheaper to publish inaccurate
information than before the Internet.
Fake News Websites knowingly circulate false
stories to increase traffic to their page. There
are 200 fake news sites linked to the small town
of Veles, Macedonia (pop. 44,000

8. If it goes against everything you ever heard, read or
learned, it probably is untrue.

9. Along with cancer,
this book also gives you cures for:
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Infections
• Dementia
In addition is gives you information on how to:
• Reduce Cost of Prescriptions
• Reduce Cost of Hospitalization
• Avoid Unnecessary Surgeries

10. Clickbait-Example Nazi Cancer Cure
Alternatively referred to as link
bait, clickbait or clickbait is a
term used to describe a type of
hyperlink on a web page that
entices a visitor to click to
continue reading an article.
Typically click bait links will
forward the user to a page that
requires payment, registration, or
is one in a series of pages to help
drive page views for the site.
Example: See what this bombshell actress of the 1960s looks like today.

11. What This Adorable Little Girls Says Will Melt Your Heart

12. Kathy Schrock’s Lessons:
To be information literate, a person must be able to recognize
when information is needed and have the ability to locate,
evaluate, and use effectively the needed information.
Teaching strategies on how to evaluate information:
• 5 W’s
• CARDS
• Big 6
Schrock’s Guide to Everything

13. Dihydrogen Monoxide
Use this website to illustrate how easy it is to be be fooled.

14. 5 Ws of Information Video

15. Acronym CARDS for Evaluating Resources
C - Credibility
A - Accuracy
R - Reliability
D - Date
S - Source
Source: Capital High School; Olympia, WA. http://capital.osd.wednet.edu/library/04cards_for_website_evaluation

16. Acronym CARP for Evaluating Resources
Source: Lake Park High School; Roselle, IL; http://www.lancerlibrary.org/website-evaluation.html

17. All About Explorers
Created for librarians to use when teaching
Information Literacy.

18. Currency, Relevance, Authority,
Accuracy, & Purpose (CRAAP)

19. Student Awareness of URL:
Commercial or Business:
.com
Educational Institutions:
.edu
Government Agencies:
.gov
Military Organizations:
.mil
Network Resources:
.net
Organizations (non-profit/other)
.org
Source: Capital High School: Olympia, WA: http://capital.osd.wednet.edu/library/04cards_for_website_evaluation

20. According to AASL:
.gov websites
“I prefer the term "authoritative" or "official" to "reliable" when speaking of
government information. When I work with students I attempt to make the
distinction clear between official sources and other types of information. To place
it in perspective, I would certainly call the website of the Democratic People's
Republic of Korea authoritative and official. I would hesitate to call it reliable,”
explained Arlene Weible, Penn State Government Documents Librarian.
http://lists.psu.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A1=ind1701D&L=GOVDOC-L#6,

21. Google Search vs. Subscription
Databases
We need to make sure students are aware of the playing
field when evaluating information. (Google Scholar)

22. Did President Trump Invent Fake News?
Fake new is nothing new!
Yellow journalism is a US term for a type of journalism that presents little or
no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines
to sell more newspapers. In the US started in the mid-1800s.
From an 1894 illustration by editorial cartoonist Frederick Burr Opper

23. What About Fake News?
It is also known as
Propaganda

24. Journalists Should Protect Democracy
What happened to the press being
a watchdog for democracy?

25. Watchdog Journalism is. . .

27. Our personal bias. . .
Sometimes our personal bias makes us want to
believe fake news.

28. Time White House Correspondent,
Zeke Miller, tweeted during the first
WH press conference on Jan. 20 that
there was no Martin Luther King Jr.
bust in the oval office. It had been
replaced by a bust of Winston Churchill.

29. Students Need to Know the Political Bias
of News Agencies!

30. Time Magazine bias rating leans Left
Time Magazine bias is Left. Time Magazine has become
more and more liberal throughout the 2010s. The
magazine has featured editorials from far left columnists,
as well as advertised for MSNBC, which has resulted in a
reduced amount of subscribers. In December of 2015, the
readers' poll for Person of the Year was announced to be
Bernie Sanders.

31. Left-Liberal Views

32. Fox News bias rating is Right
Fox News Channel's bias is widely believed to be
conservative, despite its slogan being “fair and balanced."
Many claim that Fox News promotes conservative ideas
and favors the Republican Party.

33. Right-Conservative Views

34. Action Research: UNK Library Staff. . .
Students Need to Understand Bias
Fair &
Balanced
Somewhere
In Between

35. Kearney High School Illustrates Political Bias
Left-Liberal Right-Conservative

36. Internet Bots
60 Minutes

37. Internet Bots--Reason for
CAPTCHA
A CAPTCHA is a program that protects websites against bots by
generating and grading tests that humans can pass but current computer
programs cannot. For example, humans can read distorted text as the
one shown below, but current computer programs cannot:
The term CAPTCHA stands for Completely Automated Public Turing Test To Tell
Computers and Humans Apart.

38. Bot or Not a Bot

39. More Education = Willingness to Believe
Fake news targets both conservatives and liberals about the same.

40. Fake News Websites:
• The Business Standard News--
https://bizstandardnews.com
• National Report--http://nationalreport.net
• Angry Patriot--http://www.angrypatriotmovement.com
• InfoWars--https://www.infowars.com
Visit these fake news websites and find
characteristics they possess.
Report findings on Padlet.
(http://bit.ly/2M5O8da)

41. The Onslaught of Fake News

42. What Does Fake News Mean to Librarians?
Actual Headline:
Research by education company Pearson reports that there will be more demand for librarians in 2030,
because of information literacy. Our profession will be in demand to help people make sense of
information. We will be information scientists.

43. Eli Pariser’s Filter Bubble:
Internet Filter Bubble selectively guesses what
information a user would like to see based on
information about user (location, past searches,
history, etc.). As a result users become
separated from the information that disagrees
with their viewpoint, effectively isolating them
in their own cultural and ideological bubble.
What does this mean?

44. How to Spot Fake News. . ..

45. How do you teach bias?
MAKE STUDENTS AWARE!
Permission Softpedia:http://news.softpedia.com/news/What-is-the-cause-of-media-bias-15883.shtml
Consider the Source!

46. Teach Information Literacy In Context!
Permission Softpedia:http://news.softpedia.com/news/What-is-the-cause-of-media-bias-15883.shtml

47. Bogus Claims Video

48. Students can Fact Check Information
Students can ask a question
to determine truthfulness.

56. Another Fact Check Source:
Snopes--https://www.snopes.com

57. Snopes Fact Checker

58. Other Fact Checker Websites:
Washington Post Fact Checker
PolitiFact.com

60. Real or Fake Photographs
Researchers at the University of Warwick in England found that people were
only able to spot fake photos among real ones 60% of the time.

61. “As facts are
becoming harder to
measure and
articulate, let’s do
our best as
educators to ensure
that our students
have all the critical
tools they need.”
Steven Baule
Superintendent at Muncie
Community Schools--Indiana
Tech & Learning Article February 2018

62. EBSCO Resource-Ferret Out Fake News

63. Resource from the
International
Federation of
Library
Associations and
Institutions.

64. TE 873 - Reference Services and Resources

65. Questions
Judy A. Henning, Ed.D
University of Nebraska at Kearney
Assistant Professor School Library Program
henningja@unk.edu
Office Phone—308-865-8074
Home Phone--308-234-6479

66. References
Clickbate
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/click-bait.htm
Future Ready Librarians
http://futureready.org/about-the-effort/librarians/
Fake News
http://www.motherjones.com/media/2016/12/if-its-on-the-news-it-must-be-true
http://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2016/11/17/fake-news-social-media-tapper-dnt-lead.cnn
Fact Checking Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ryjpu-NWYm8
Fake News Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkwWcHekMdo
Tech & Learning Article
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xz3mVukWvPAH-4hw5rBgIJ7pgVsvfY6H/view?usp=sharing