1) Naxalism originated in the late 1960s in the Indian state of West Bengal as a radical left-wing rebellion against economic and social injustice. 2) It was led by Charu Majumdar and was inspired by Maoist ideology advocating that Indian peasants and lower classes overthrow the government by force. 3) Today, Naxalite activity is reported in several eastern and central Indian states. They operate mostly in rural and tribal areas and their stated goal is to establish a classless society.

1. V.P.M’s Joshi-Bedekar
College of Arts and Commerce, Thane.
Priyanka D Joshi.88

2. Topic:
Naxalisim in India

3. Red Corridor.

4. Charu Majumdar
Majumdar gave sole importance
to secret organization and
armed training of its members
for the purpose of eliminating
the class.
Majumdar after had gone
underground in 1970, and he
was nabbed in Calcutta in July,
1972. The end of his life came in
the jail in some days after his
arrest.

5. About Naxalisim:
“Naxal” comes from “Naxalbari” village in West Bengal.
Naxalism- An informal name given to radical, often violent,
revolutionary communist groups that were born out of the Sino-Soviet
split in Indian Communist Movement.
Origin- Split in the Communist Party of India.
Initial centre was West Bengal. Later it spread into Chhattisgarh,
Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.
It was led by Charu Mazumdar, Kanu Sanyal, and Jangal
Santhal initiated a violent uprising in 1967.

6. Areas with Naxalite activity in 2007 and 2013
Karnataka, Chhattisgarh, Orissa(Odisha), Andhra
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and
West Bengal are the states which are affected by naxalite
activity.
It is also called as Red Corridor.

8. Present Context of Naxal Movement and
violence
• Andhra Pradesh
• Bihar
• Chhattisgarh
• Jharkhand
• Karnataka
• Kerala
• Madhya Pradesh
• Maharashtra
• Orissa
• Tamil Nadu
• Uttar Pradesh
• Uttarakhand and
• West Bengal
Today,
Areas
affected
with
Naxalism:-

10. Naxalites are –
Common people who want equal social and financial status for all.
Who work for decentralization of power.
Who want Basic amenities, infrastructure and opportunities to
grow.
The Naxalites say they are fighting oppression and exploitation to
create a classless society.
The Naxalites operate mostly in the rural and Adivasi areas, often out
of the continuous jungles in these regions.
They are organized mostly where there is forest cover.
Their motto is to show teeth and enlarge upon their ideology and
if possible support landless and poor.

11. Origin and Cause:
Naxalisim is originated by a gentleman K Sanyal who believed in
communist ideology, but thought that economic freedom will come
when you fight with rich who have amassed wealth.
Charu Majumdar, inspired by the doctrines of Mao Zedong of
China, advocated that Indian peasants and lower class tribal's
overthrow the government and upper classes by force for whom
he held responsible for their plight.
A large of urban elites were also attracted to the ideology, which
spreads through Majumdar’s writing particularly the “historic eight
documents” which formed basis of naxalite ideology.
Even as on today, there are several splitter groups operating in
various states.

12. Impact of Naxalism on Economic
Development.
Reduction in per capita GDP growth – The nominal per capita GDP of
all affected states excluding Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra is
below 1000 $. In comparison to this most of the unaffected states
have a per capita GDP in excess of 1000 $ for the 2009 fiscal year.
Lower tax revenues – The Naxals run a parallel government in their
areas preventing the governing agencies to collect taxes etc.
Higher inflation rates.
Lower domestic investment and higher expenditure on defense at
the cost of lower expenditure on education and health.

13. Anti naxalism- Policies in Indian context.
The time is ripe enough to focus on our internal security situations
instead of devoting so much time to other issues.
The most challenging task before the government today is the
elimination of the naxal terror network in its entirely.
The intelligence network has to be strengthen significantly.
The threat is more from these anti national elements as compared to
hostile neighboring countries.
It should not be forgotten that there are many social issues that are to
be given prior obligation on the part of government like-
Development of under developed areas
Unemployment
Ensuring safety and security for human lives.

14. Eradication measures.
North Eastern part of India are mostly tribal’s with little education ,they
are easy prey for these Naxal/Maoist elements.
People should be taught of judiciary , the laws , and the value of public
property or National property which is possible only by educating them
The most important cause may be the poor implementation of the
different welfare programmaes and policies in the needy areas in the
country
Kiran Bedi, has suggested a four-fold program for controlling Naxal
problem which sounds appealing. She suggested appointment of 80
best selected DM and SP in most intensely Naxal affected district with
four times salary along with establishment of a separate intelligence
bureau operating from the area itself. She also suggested opening a
regional office of Home Ministry operating from area of conflict itself.

15. Government policies.
Naxalism 2009-Operation Green Hunt
Initiated with the blessings of Home minister P.Chidambaram with
the objective of cleansing naxalism from the Indian main land.
The central government has recently decided to allocate
meager Rs. 2 crore per year to per Naxal-affected district to
develop the socio-economic situation.
This is more a social and political problem than a law and order problem.
The government has also initiated publicity campaigns in order to
garner support from the general public in their efforts to crack down
on the naxals

16. Reasons for failure of naxalite movement
They wanted to encircle the urban centers with organized peasant
forces of the villages.
The action of eliminating the so-called class enemies in villages was
a wrong principle of political mobilization by individual murder of
select few people whose political class- character was never
adjudged by their socio-economic conditions, and the properties they
possessed.
Very often only by their political affiliation or by the name and color
of the party or parties they directly or indirectly belonged to for a
long or a short period of time.
Recruitment in the Naxalite party was never done on proper judgment
and scrutiny of the political characters and behaviors of the recruits.
In many cases dreaded criminals too enrolled themselves in the
Naxalite party with the objective of getting fire arms and to train
themselves in the manufacture and use of fire arms.

17. Media coverage:

19. Media coverage
Continual violent activities of these groups have attracted much
media attention
There are two major factors which have contributed to the
increased coverage of Naxal news.
First, the number of private media groups has increased in the
post Cold War era due to the adoption of a neo-liberal market policy
by the central government
Second, the increased number of media groups has increased
competition.

20. Armed insurgencies led by Naxal groups have been given special
attention in both print and television media.
Another reason for the heightened coverage of Naxal activity is the
sensitive nature of news.
Particularly the satellite media, has negatively sensationalized the
Naxal’s violent activities.
Print media by virtue of its nature could not attract as much audience
attention.
According to the media monitoring report, since 2004 to 2007,
every year the number of coverage of violent activities by Maoist
increased.

21. The increased coverage and the airing of Maoist leader interviews
gave audiences an image of Robin Hood among their cadres and
sympathizers.
One positive outcome of the Naxal threat is the more media
coverage on the dispossessed and deprived tribal population
of our country.

22. Books and movies about Naxalism
A 2005 movie called Hazaaron Khwaishein Aisi, directed by Sudhir
Mishra, was set against the backdrop of the Naxalite movement.
In August 2008, Kabeer Kaushik's Chamku, starring Bobby Deol
and Priyanka Chopra, explored the story of a boy who is
brainwashed to take arms against the state.
The 1998 film Haazar chaurasi ki Maa (based on the novel,
Hazar Churashir Maa[17] by Mahasweta Devi) starring Jaya
Bachchan gives a very sympathetic portrayal of a Naxalbari
militant killed by the state
Eka Nakshalwadya Cha Janma, (Marathi: The birth of a Naxal),
a novel written by Vilas Balkrishna Manohar

23. Conclusion
Naxal are not terrorists because they don’t resort to irresponsible
acts of terror by planting bombs on streets. Naxal are fighters who
fight for their rights. They don’t harass the common man and poor.
- Om Puri
Naxalism is major threat faced by our country today. It is
harming innocent people and people at fault are roaming
around. Fight for right but if you make wrong your right
then all actions are going to lose their meaning.
If young minds can be captured by teachings of naxalism,
why cant the same minds be captured and changed through
education???

24. Thank you!!!