Left wing extremist groups known as Naxalites pose one of the biggest security challenges in India. The Naxalite movement began in the late 1960s in the village of Naxalbari in West Bengal under leaders like Charu Mazumdar who advocated for a Maoist-inspired peasant uprising against landlords and the government. Since then, Naxalite groups have used violence in rural areas across central and eastern India in their fight for a more equal and just society for tribal and rural communities. The government has declared Naxalism a serious internal security threat and launched operations to counter the insurgency through police and paramilitary forces.

3.  There are three main sources of internal conflict in India
and one of the sources of internal violence in India comes
from incidents brought to effect by Left Wing Extremist
Groups movements in many states of India. This has been
identified by former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh as
the single biggest security challenge to the India.
 The left-wing extremist movements are popularly known
Naxalite movements and the people involved in them are
called ‘Naxalites’.
 The movement is viewed with greater anxiety in the
government because it is most intense precisely in areas
which are rich in natural resources and, therefore,
targeted for fast-track industrial development.

4.  Naxalism- An informal name given to radical, often
violent, revolutionary communist groups that were
born out of the sino-soviet split in Indian Communist
Movement, also known as Maoists in India.
 It was a workers (rural area) revolt against their
masters and landlords against marginalization of the
poor or rural areas.
 “Naxal” comes from “Naxalbari” village in West
Bengal.
 Initial centre was West Bengal. Later it spread into
Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.
 It was led by Charu Mazumdar, Kanu Sanyal,
and Jangal Santhal initiated a violent uprising in 1967.

5.  The government responded with a heavy use of
force, and the movement splintered into many
different extremist groups in the 1970s.
 In 1980, the formation of the People’s War Group
(PWG) in Andhra Pradesh marked the renewal of
left-wing violent movements.
 The leading extremist group is the Communist
Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist), formed by the
merger of the People’s War Group with the
Maoist Communist Center (MCC) in 2004.
 They were most distructive in the year 2010.

6.  Majumdar gave sole importance to secret
organization and armed training of its members for
the purpose of eliminating the class.
 Majumdar after had gone underground in 1970, and
he was nabbed in Calcutta in July, 1972. The end of his
life came in the jail in some days after his arrest.

7.  Common people who want equal social
and financial status for all
 Who want Basic amenities, infrastructure and
opportunities to grow.
 The Naxalites say they are fighting oppression and
exploitation to create a classless society
 The Naxalites operate mostly in the rural and Adivasi
areas, often out of the continuous jungles in these
regions.
 Their motto is to show teeth and enlarge upon their
ideology and if possible support landless and poor.

8.  Naxalisim is originated by K. Sanyal who believed in
communist ideology, and thought that economic freedom
will come when you fight with rich who have amassed
wealth.
 Charu Majumdar, inspired by the doctrines
of Mao Zedong of China, advocated that
Indian peasants and lower class tribal's
overthrow the government and upper classes
by force for whom he held responsible for their plight.
 A large of urban elites were also attracted to the ideology,
 Even as on today, there are several splitter groups
operating in various states.

10.  Naxals believe that India didn’t get freedom in 1947,
What they consider as freedom or independence
were mere transfer of power from British to rich
landowners , capitalist and their agents called
politicians.
 Ultimate goal of naxalites is to dismantle current
Indian System of governance and establish what they
call as true people ‘s government and a class less
society.
 They are against present form of democracy and
political system.

11.  The government should not prevent agitations, peaceful demonstrations
and meetings.
 Lift the ban on the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)
 Release all political prisoners.
 Scrap the system of giving acceleratory promotions and unofficial
incentives to police officers who kill naxalites in fake encounters and
order a judicial probe into all fake encounters and punish the police
officers responsible.
 Withdraw all World Bank projects and schemes supported by
imperialists.
 Stop the privatisation of public sector enterprises (PSEs).
 Withdraw user charges on drinking water, education and health
services.
 Scrap all agreements with the World Bank, MNCs and other countries.
 Recognise the tribal people's rights on forest.
 Lift all cases registered against workers of mass organisations and
other revolutionary parties.

12.  Waive all private loans taken by the farming community to stop
suicides by farmers.
 Initiate steps to develop and support tribal languages.
 Form a separate Telangana State.
 Prepare a permanent and integrated plan for tackling the drought
situation.
 Provide job reservation for Dalits in the private sector.
 Equal property rights for women.
 Reservation for women in the private sector.
 Stringent punishment for those who commit atrocities on women.
 Order a probe into the illegal amassing of wealth by officials,
politicians and capitalists; corruption scandals by officials and
politicians.
 Complete all pending irrigation projects. Farmers should be given
irrigation facilities and supplied adequate power.

13.  On 15th Feb. 2010, Naxalite attacked on a paramilitary camp in West
Bengal, killed 24 paramilitary personnel, with many more reported
missing.
 On 4th April 2010, 11 policemen were killed and ten wounded when
rebels blew up a police bus in Orissa's Koraput district and Naxalite
rebels killed 75 Indian paramilitary personnel and 1 state police
constable in a series of attacks on security convoys in Dantewada
district in the central Indian state of Chattisgarh.
 On 28th May 2010, the naxalites derailed Gyaneshwari Express killing
more than 150.
• 2013- The 2013 Naxal attack in Darbha valley resulted in the deaths of
around 24 Indian National Congress leaders including the former state
minister Mahendra Karma and the Chhattisgarh Congress chief Nand
Kumar Patel.
• 2014- Six police personnel, including a SHO, killed in Maoist attack in
Chhattisgarh.
• 2015- 7 Special Task Force (STF) personals were killed in a Maoist
ambush near Kankerlanka, Sukma, Chhatisgarh.

14.  The government has constituted an 'Empowered Group of Ministers' to
counter the problem of Naxalism headed by the Home minister and
select chief ministers.
 The government under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA),
1967 amended in 2004 has banned the Communist Party of India (Marxist-
Leninist) - People's War and all its associated formations, and the
Maoist Communist Centre (MCC) and its front organizations.
 The government has also constituted a Task force which will comprise
of Nodal officers from the Naxal affected areas and officers from the
IB, SSB and the CRPF.
 There is also a Coordination Centre that was set up in 1998 headed by
the Union home minister with Chief Secretaries and DGPs of the Naxal
affected areas for the coordination of steps taken to control Naxal
activities.
 The government has laid down a clear plan to tackle the left wing
extremism.
 Naxalism 2009-Operation Green Hunt , Operation Peace Hunt