Nationalism emerged in the 19th century and led to the unification of small kingdoms into larger nation-states in Europe. A nation is an "imagined community" that is imagined by people who see themselves as part of that group based on shared beliefs, history, territory, political ideas, and cultural identity. Nations seek the right to self-determination and govern themselves, though drawing state boundaries to satisfy every cultural group's demand for self-rule led to problems. The solution is to make existing states more democratic and ensure equality for all cultural and ethnic groups within a country's boundaries.
Nations are defined by a combination of cultural and political factors. Culturally, they are groups of people who are bound together by a common language, religion, history and traditions. Ultimately, however, nations define themselves through the existence of a shared civic consciousness, classically expressed as the desire to achieve or maintain statehood.
Distinctive cultural and political forms of nationalism can be identified. Cultural nationalism emphasizes the regeneration of the nation as a distinctive civilization on the basis of a belief in the nation as a unique, historical and organic whole. Political nationalism, on the other hand, recognizes the nation as a discrete political com munity, and is thus linked with ideas such as sovereignty and self-determination
There have been a number of contrasting manifestations of political nationalism. Liberal nationalism is based on a belief in a universal right to self-determination. Conservative nationalism values the capacity of national patriotism to deliver social cohesion and political unity. Expansionist nationalism is a vehicle for aggression and imperial conquest. Anticolonial nationalism is associated with the struggle for national liberation, often fused with the quest for social development
The nation-state now confronts a number of challenges. Nation-states have been subject to centrifugal pressures generated by the growth in ethnic politics. Extern ally, they have confronted challenges from the growing power of supranational bodies, the advance of economic and cultural globalization, and the need to find international solutions to the environmental crisis
Nations are defined by a combination of cultural and political factors. Culturally, they are groups of people who are bound together by a common language, religion, history and traditions. Ultimately, however, nations define themselves through the existence of a shared civic consciousness, classically expressed as the desire to achieve or maintain statehood.
Distinctive cultural and political forms of nationalism can be identified. Cultural nationalism emphasizes the regeneration of the nation as a distinctive civilization on the basis of a belief in the nation as a unique, historical and organic whole. Political nationalism, on the other hand, recognizes the nation as a discrete political com munity, and is thus linked with ideas such as sovereignty and self-determination
There have been a number of contrasting manifestations of political nationalism. Liberal nationalism is based on a belief in a universal right to self-determination. Conservative nationalism values the capacity of national patriotism to deliver social cohesion and political unity. Expansionist nationalism is a vehicle for aggression and imperial conquest. Anticolonial nationalism is associated with the struggle for national liberation, often fused with the quest for social development
The nation-state now confronts a number of challenges. Nation-states have been subject to centrifugal pressures generated by the growth in ethnic politics. Extern ally, they have confronted challenges from the growing power of supranational bodies, the advance of economic and cultural globalization, and the need to find international solutions to the environmental crisis
About the Burmese Nationalism
About the rise of Nationalism in Burma
About the Nationalist Movement during the period of the struggle for independence in Myanmar
Nationalism is a political, social, and economic ideology and movement characterized by the promotion of the interests of a particular nation especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining self-governance over the homeland
Its define as the freedom from being governed or ruled by another country
Self determination means that person makes own decision , plan his or her own future
About the Burmese Nationalism
About the rise of Nationalism in Burma
About the Nationalist Movement during the period of the struggle for independence in Myanmar
Nationalism is a political, social, and economic ideology and movement characterized by the promotion of the interests of a particular nation especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining self-governance over the homeland
Its define as the freedom from being governed or ruled by another country
Self determination means that person makes own decision , plan his or her own future
What is Nation?
Keyword related to Nation,
What is Nationalism?
Types of Nationalism,
Why Nationalism is Important?
Advantages and Disadvantages of Nationalism.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
1. 1
Class - IX
Chapter - 16 Nationalism
by
Dr. Sushma Singh
(Core Academic Unit DoE GNCT of Delhi)
At the end of the lesson we shall be able to know:
1. What is nationalism:-
• If we were to take a quick poll of what people common only understand by the term
nationalism we are likely to get responses which talk about patriotism, national flags,
sacrificing for the country, and the like, the republic day parade in Delhi is a striking
symbol of Indian nationalism.
• But nationalism also accompanied and contributed to the breakup of large empires such
as the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires in the early twentieth century in Europe as
well as the break-up of the British, French, Dutch and Portuguese empires in Asia and
Africa.
• During the last two centuries or more, nationalism has emerged as one of the most
compelling of political creeds which has helped in shape history. It has inspired intense
loyalties as well as deep hatred.
• In the nineteenth century Europe, it led to the unification of a number of small kingdoms
into larger nation-states. The present day German and Italian states were formed through
such as a process of unification and consolidation. A large number of new states were
also founded in Latin America.
2. Nation and Nationalism:-
• We do not personally know all the members we can. If need be, trace the links that
bind them to us. But as a member of a nation we may never come face to face with
2. 2
most of our fellow nations nor need we share ties of decent with them. Yet nations
exist, are lived in and valued by their members.
• A nation is to a great extent an ‘imagined’ community, held together by the collective
beliefs, aspirations and imaginations of its members. It is based on certain
assumptions which people make about the collective whole with which they identify.
3. Assumptions on the concept of Nation:-
1. Shared Beliefs:
A nation can only exist when its members believe that they belong together.
2. History: people who see themselves as if nation also embodies a sense of
continuing historical identity. That is nations perceive themselves as stretching
back into the past as well as reaching into the future. They articulate for
themselves a sense of their own history by drawing on collective memories,
legends, and historical records to outline the continuing identity of the nation.
3. Territory: Nations identify with a particular territory. Sharing a common past
and living together on a particular territory over a long period of time gives
people a sense of their collective identity. It helps them to imagine themselves as
one people. Is therefore not surprising that people who see themselves as a
nation speak of a homeland. The territory they occupied and the land on which
they have lived has a special significance for them, and they claim it as their own.
Nations however characterized the homeland in different ways, for instance as
motherland, or fatherland, or holy land.
4. Shared Political Ideas: Member of a nation share a vision of the kind of state
they want to build. They affirm among other things a set of values and principles
such as democracy, secularism and liberalism. They ideals represent the terms
under which they come together and are willing to live together. It represents, in
other words, their political identity as a nation.
5. Common Political Identity: A shared political vision about the state and society
we wish to create is not enough to bind individuals together as a nation. They
seek instead a shared cultural identity. Such as a common language, or common
descent. There is no doubt that speaking the same language makes it easier for us
to communicate with each other and sharing the same religion gives us a set of
common beliefs and social practices. Observing the same festivals, seeking the
same holidays, and holding the same symbols valuable can bring people together.
4. National Self - Determination:
• Nations, unlike other social groups, seek the right to govern themselves and determine
their future development. They seek in other words, the right to self-determination.
• In making this claim a nation seeks recognition and acceptance by the international
community of its status as a distinct political entity or state.
• In the nineteenth century in Europe the notion of one-culture-one-state began to gain
acceptability at the time. Subsequently, the idea of one-culture-one state was employed
3. 3
while reordering state boundaries after world-war I. the treaty of Versailles established a
number of small, newly independence states, but it proved virtually impossible to satisfy all
the demands for self-determination which were made at the time. Besides, reorganization of
state boundaries to satisfy the demands of one culture-one state, led to mass migration of
population across state boundaries. Millions of people as a consequence were displaced
from their homes and expelled from the land which had been their home for generations.
Many others became victim of communal violence.
• Indeed most states had more than ethnic and cultural community living within its
boundaries.
• We have the paradoxical situation of nation-states which themselves had achieved
independence through struggle now acting against minorities within their own territories
who claim the right to national self-determination.
How to handle the movement of Self-Determination:
• Solution does not lie in creating new states but in making existing states more
democratic and equal. That is, in ensuring that people with different cultural and
ethnic identities live and co-exist as partners and equal citizens within the country.
5. Nationalism and Pluralism:
• Once we abandon the idea of one-culture-one state. It becomes necessary to consider
ways by which different cultures and communities can survive and flourish within a
country. The Indian constitution has an elaborate set of provisions for the protection
of religious, linguistic and cultural minorities.
• Although it is hoped that granting groups recognition and protection would satisfy
their aspirations, some seem paradoxical when globalization is also spreading in the
world but nationalist aspirations continue to motivate many group and communities.
Considerable generosity and skill is needed for countries to be able to deal with such
demands in a democratic manner.