Nationalim mdw
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Nationalism originated in Europe and was influenced by events like the Magna Carta and the American Revolution. It spread ideas of self-determination and was embodied by groups like the Sans Culottes during the French Revolution. Nationalist movements have taken different forms across countries and cultures, from the Red Shirts in Thailand to Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany, with potentially powerful impacts.
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The document summarizes key foreign policy events during Harry Truman's presidency:
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The document summarizes key foreign policy events during Harry Truman's presidency:
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2. During the Berlin Crisis from 1948 to 1949, when the USSR cut off access to West Berlin, Truman instituted the Berlin Airlift to fly in supplies and avoid escalation to war.
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1) The document discusses the Reign of Terror period during the French Revolution from 1793 to 1794.
2) Key events included the creation of the Committee of Public Safety led by Maximilien Robespierre to protect the republic from internal and external threats. This resulted in around 40,000 French citizens being killed without trial.
3) Robespierre famously said "Without virtue, terror is deadly... Without terror, virtue is impotent". Nationalism also emerged in France for the first time.
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The document discusses the Cold War policies of containment, the Truman Doctrine, and the Marshall Plan from both communist and American perspectives. It asks the reader to find sources on these policies from each perspective and describe what messages they convey. Specifically, it describes the communist view that capitalists aimed to weaken the USSR and the American view that Soviet influence was spreading. It also explains containment sought to stop Soviet expansion, the Truman Doctrine provided aid to countries resisting communism, and the Marshall Plan rebuilt Europe's economy to prevent the spread of communism.
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The document discusses the Cold War policies of containment and economic aid pursued by the United States to counter Soviet expansionism in Europe. It describes Stalin placing communist flags in Eastern Europe, seeing the world surrounded by communist symbols. The US policy of containment aimed to stop communism from spreading further by helping countries defend against communist threats. The Truman Doctrine committed the US to sending aid to countries resisting communist takeovers. The Marshall Plan provided economic recovery aid to Western European countries to strengthen democratic institutions and reduce vulnerability to communist appeals.
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Outbreak of the Cold War
The wartime alliance between the US and USSR broke down following World War 2, as their ideological differences emerged without a common enemy. Both sides pursued their own strategic interests in postwar Europe, with the USSR seeking a buffer of friendly states and the US wanting to contain Soviet influence. This tension was exacerbated by lingering distrust from past conflicts and each country backing opposing factions in newly liberated nations, dividing Europe between Western and Soviet spheres of influence. While the Yalta and Potsdam conferences aimed to establish peace, disagreements over reparations, occupation policies, and governance of Eastern Europe marked the beginning of the Cold War between the two emerging superpowers.
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During the 1930s, totalitarian governments led by fascist leaders like Adolf Hitler in Germany and Benito Mussolini in Italy gained power in those countries as well as the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin. World War 2 began in 1939 with Germany invading Poland, and by 1941 Germany had conquered much of Europe while Japan had expanded its empire in Asia and the Pacific, culminating with their attack on the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941 which led to America's entry into the war.
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The document discusses several key US foreign policies and strategies during the Cold War period:
1) The policy of containment aimed to prevent the spread of Soviet communism by providing military, economic, or technical support to non-communist countries and stopping further communist expansion.
2) The Truman Doctrine of 1947 pledged US support for Greece and Turkey through economic and military aid to prevent them from falling into the Soviet sphere.
3) The Marshall Plan provided economic assistance to help rebuild European countries after World War 2 and also aimed to prevent the further rise of communism in war-torn nations.
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The document is a quiz about post-WW1 Europe consisting of 4 multiple choice questions. The first question asks the student to identify the 4 "signpost states" of Europe in 1922 using a graphic. The second question asks which country lost territory due to the outcome of the Paris Peace Treaty using a map. The third question asks what event a newspaper headline from the Winnipeg Sun in 1919 referring to a "Winnipeg under Soviet-style government" is referring to. The fourth question asks about the point of view of a speaker quoting "...this is not a strike at all, in the ordinary sense of the term - it is a revolution..."
043012 world holocaust 50m
1) The document provides background information on the Holocaust, including key events leading up to and during the Holocaust from the 1930s to 1940s in Germany and Europe.
2) Some notable events discussed include the passing of the Nuremberg Laws in 1935 that restricted the rights of Jews in Germany, Kristallnacht in 1938 where Nazi troops destroyed Jewish homes and businesses, and the establishment of ghettos like the Warsaw Ghetto in 1940 where hundreds of thousands of Jews were confined.
3) The document also discusses the Nazi's "Final Solution" implemented in 1942 where the systematic industrialized mass murder of European Jews took place, with millions being killed in gas chambers and their bodies cremated
Charles de gaulle
Charles de Gaulle was a French general and statesman who played a pivotal role in modern French history. He refused to accept France's surrender to Nazi Germany in 1940 and exhorted the French people to resist occupation. De Gaulle then led the Free French forces against the Axis powers. After World War II, he served as president of France's provisional government from 1944 to 1946. De Gaulle supported the idea of a united Europe independent from superpower influence. He also fought to keep the UK out of the European Economic Community due to its close ties with the US. De Gaulle nearly lost power during student protests in 1968 but restored order before resigning the presidency in 1969.
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Adolf Hitler was the central figure that led to World War II in Europe. Without Hitler, Germany likely would not have taken the aggressive actions that started the war even with its problems after World War I. Additionally, Japan probably would not have aggressively expanded in the Pacific if not for the German threat in Europe. Hitler had a vitriolic personality characterized by five traits - intense hate, a desire for revenge, a belief in his own mission from providence, no moral scruples, and a fundamental belief that force was the solution to any problem.
Lecture 12 art and industry
German Expressionist cinema in the 1920s differed from the Hollywood studio system in several key ways: it did not adopt the vertical integration model and directors maintained greater creative control, it was more closely connected to the artistic Expressionist movement in Europe, and actors were more concerned with artistic reputation than celebrity publicity. This resulted in a cinema with greater creative freedom and experimental films that explored Expressionist themes of madness, paranoia, and urban dystopia through their use of stylized architecture, geometric forms, and stark contrasts of light and shadow.
Lecture 12 art and industry
German Expressionist cinema of the 1920s differed from the Hollywood studio system in several key ways: it did not adopt the vertical integration model and directors maintained greater creative control, it was more closely connected to the artistic Expressionist movement in Europe, and actors were more concerned with artistic reputation than celebrity publicity. Expressionist films often featured Expressionist themes of madness, paranoia, and subjective perspectives through their use of stylized architecture, geometric forms, and stark contrasts of light and shadow.
Source analysis preparing for assesment
This document provides information about conducting a source analysis. It explains that a source analysis involves a detailed examination of the elements and structure of a source from the past, such as a document, building, or object. A source analysis is conducted at two levels - a literal level examining what the source visually and textually contains, and an analytical level asking specific questions of the source. Several examples are provided of analyzing propaganda posters from World War II at both the literal and analytical levels to understand message, audience, context, and effectiveness.
What In The World
Adolf Hitler rose to power in Germany following World War I and the Treaty of Versailles. As leader of the Nazi party, he was able to capitalize on Germans' dissatisfaction with the treaty terms and blame Jews for their economic struggles. Though he failed in his initial Beer Hall Putsch coup attempt in 1923, he was able to gain support and be elected chancellor in 1933, becoming dictator of Germany and plunging Europe into World War II.
Breyaui amendolara
The document provides instructions for several tasks related to analyzing sources about post-World War II American foreign policy toward communism. The tasks include describing sources that portray the spread of communism from capitalist and communist perspectives, explaining the policies of containment, the Truman Doctrine, and the Marshall Plan, and analyzing sources about these policies.
Best Audiobooks App The Jedburghs
The Jedburghs provides the first full history of the Special Forces units known as the Jedburghs who were selected from the British, American, and Free French armies and dropped behind German lines in preparation for D-Day. Working in teams of three, the Jedburghs supported the French Resistance through guerrilla attacks and sabotage to disrupt German supply lines and harass reinforcements. Drawing on archival documents, diaries, and interviews, the book tells the stories of seven Jedburgh teams and offers a new perspective on their crucial but little known role in assisting the D-Day landings and the liberation of Europe in 1944-45.
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Perennialism focuses on teaching principles rather than facts, and believes education should develop students' rational and moral powers. It recommends teaching liberal topics like humanities, arts, theology and history by having students read the great books of influential thinkers from the past. Perennialists believe this approach cultivates a sound personality and prepares students for lifelong learning and understanding universal truths. They stress teaching subjects like philosophy, languages, sciences and more that provide a well-rounded liberal arts education.
Nation state system
The document discusses the nation state system. It begins by arguing that nation states and their willingness to obey governments have enabled international relations. However, some scholars believe the nation state system is disappearing as states can no longer fully protect citizens due to modern weapons. The document then defines the nation state system according to Palmer and discusses how sovereign nation states interact to protect national interests. It traces the origin of the nation state system to the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia, which recognized state sovereignty. Key elements of the modern nation state are discussed as sovereignty, territorial integrity, and legal equality. However, the nation state system faces setbacks from factors like growing interdependence, regional integration, nuclear weapons, and the roles of public opinion and mult
Nationalism in europe
The document discusses the rise of nationalism and nation-states in Europe between the late 18th to mid-19th century. Key events and ideas included the French Revolution promoting national symbols and centralized rule; the spread of Jacobin clubs and French invasion promoting nationalist ideals across Europe; and the Congress of Vienna establishing conservative monarchies but failing to suppress liberal nationalism and demands for national self-determination, fueling revolutions in the 1830s and 1840s that established more nation-states like Belgium and Greece. Figures like Mazzini promoted nationalist ideas that further revolutions against Austrian, Spanish and Ottoman rule to eventually unify Italy and the Balkan states.
Nation and Nationalism Theories
Ernest Renan argued that a nation is defined not by objective criteria like language or culture, but by a subjective "desire to live together" and shared memories of suffering. Ernest Gellner viewed nations as modern constructs that emerged with industrialization to serve the needs of standardized education and mobility. Anthony Smith argued that modern nations have roots in pre-modern "ethnies" defined by shared ancestry, history, culture, and territory. Benedict Anderson conceived of nations as "imagined communities" made possible by the development of print capitalism and vernacular languages that allowed for unified communication over great distances.
Concepts of state and government
This document discusses concepts of the state and government in the Philippines. It defines a state as having a people, territory, government, and sovereignty. The key elements of the pre-Spanish Philippine government were the barangay system of village units each ruled by a datu. During the Spanish period, Spain claimed title to the Philippines through discovery and conquest, ruling the islands directly from the 1560s until 1898 when the country was ceded to the United States after the Spanish-American War.
State and its elements
The document defines the key elements of the state as population, territory, government, and sovereignty. It provides definitions of the state from various scholars and thinkers. The state is distinguished from society, nation, and government. The state is a permanent political organization that exists within a defined territory and population. Government is the temporary institution through which the state functions and enforces laws. A nation refers more to a people joined by ethnic or cultural ties, while a state is a legal political entity.
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