The document provides information about two heritage buildings - the Shat Gombuj Mosque in Bangladesh and Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey. It describes the architectural features and history of the Shat Gombuj Mosque, including that it was built in the 15th century and has 77 domes. It also outlines the history of Hagia Sophia, including that it was originally a Christian church, later a mosque, and is now a museum. It has changed functions and architectural features over time as a result.

1. ASSIGNMENT:01
NAME:TANIA AKTER
ID:166028
LEVEL:4TH
TERM:2ND
ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION

2. HARITAGE BUILDING
2
LOCAL:
Shat Gombuj Moshjid,Bagherhat
1
INTERNATIONAL:
HAGIA SOPHIA,ISTANBUL
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3. • The Sixty Dome Mosque ( Shaṭ Gombuj Moshjid; more commonly known as Shait Gambuj Mosque or Saith Gunbad Masjid), is
a mosque in Bagerhat, Bangladesh.
• It is a part of the Mosque City of Bagerhat, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• It is the largest mosque in Bangladesh from the sultanate period (1352–1576).
• It was built during the Bengal Sultanate by Khan Jahan Ali, the governor of the Sundarbans.
• It has been described as "one of the most impressive Muslim monuments in the whole of South Asia.
Location Bagerhat, Bangladesh
Area 1,605 m
2
(17,280 sq ft)
Built 15th Century
Architect Khan Jahan Ali
Architectural style(s) Tughlaq
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Type Cultural
Criteria iv
Designated 1985 (9th session)
https://en.wikipedia.org/
INTRODUCTION:
Shat Gombuj Moshjid
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4. • In the middle of the 15th century, a Muslim colony was founded in the
mangrove forest of the Sundarbans, near the coast in the Bagerhat District by
a saint-General, named Khan Jahan Ali.
• He preached in an affluent city during the reign of Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud
Shah, then known as 'Khalifatabad'.
• Khan Jahan adorned this city with more than a dozen mosques, the ruins of
which are focused around the most imposing and largest multi-domed
mosques in Bangladesh, known as the Shait-Gumbad Masjid (160'×108').
• The construction of the mosque was started in 1442 and it was completed in
1459.
• The mosque was used for prayers, and also as a madrasha and assembly hall
HISTORY:
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES:
Plan:
• The mosque has an oblong plan of 148'6" x 101'4" externally and 123'3" x 76'2" internally.
• There are 77 low domes arranged in seven rows of eleven, and one dome on each corner, bringing the
total to 81 domes.
• There are four towers. Two of four towers were used to call the azaan.
• The interior is divided into many aisles and bays by slender columns, which culminate in
numerous arches that support the roof.
https://en.wikipedia.org/
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5. AS A WORLD HERITAGE
Criteria (iv): 1985
• The Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat represents the vestiges of a medieval Muslim town in the northern peripheral land of the Sundarbans.
• It contains some of the most significant buildings of the initial period of the development of Muslim architecture in Bengal.
• Shait-Gumbad is one of the largest mosques and represents the flavour of the traditional orthodox mosque plan and it is the only example of its kind in the
whole of Bengal.
• The second important monument, Khan Jahan's tomb, is an extraordinary representation of this type of architecture as well as calligraphic parlance.
The site exhibits a unique architectural style, known as Khan-e-Jahan (15th Century A.D.), which is the only known example in the history of architecture.
The 'Sixty Dome' Mosque has walls of unusually thick, tapered brick in the Tughlaq style and
a hut-shaped roofline that anticipates later styles
• The mosque has 77 squat domes with 7 four-sided pitched Bengali domes in the middle
row.
• each capped by small rounded cupolas, recall the Tughlaq architecture of Delhi.
• The western wall has eleven mihrabs on the interior where ten are blind and the central one
is projected on the exterior.
• The mosque represents wonderful archeological beauty which was the signature in the 15th
century
Panoramic view of Sixty Dome Mosque Arches of the Mosque
Inside of Mosque
Ceiling of the Mosque
https://whc.unesco.org
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6. https://whc.unesco.org
Protection and management requirements:
• The property is managed under the Antiquities Act, 1968 (Amendment 1976). In addition the Department of Archaeology protects the property under the
Antiquities Export Control Act (1947), the Immovable Antiquities Preservation Rules (1976), the Conservation Manual (1923) and the Archaeological Works Code
(1938).
• The Department of Archaeology ensures that inappropriate activities which may affect the Outstanding Universal Value of property such as buildings or
infrastructure cannot be constructed within or close to the property, and no one can alter or deface monuments within the property.
• The Government of Bangladesh has worked on the implementation of recommendations set out in the Master plan prepared by UNESCO 1973/74-1977/78 for
the conservation and presentation of the Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat.
• Though the financial efforts have been made to address the conservation problem derived from salinity, this has not been comprehensively solved and
deterioration has continued.
• Conservation of the historic landscape, buffer zone and the property has yet to be addressed..
Aspects of
Authenticity
Bhagerhat Shait Gambuj Mosque
Form and design The property of the Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat contains and preserves all the necessary elements which include not only
mosques but also residences, roads, ancient ponds, tombs, chillakhana (ancient graveyard). Therefore, the attributes of the city are
still preserved. In the essence of this historical architectural monument shares a similar quality of strength and austerity with the
famous Tughlaq architecture of Delhi
Materials and substance the use of original materials (lime and mortar).
Use and function Many of the structures continue to be in religious and secular use contributing to the social and communal harmony by the way of
retaining the original features of traditional practices.
Location and setting
Spirit and feeling The original picturesque location and the natural setting of these densely located religious and secular monuments along with the
medieval form and design are intact.
Authenticity
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7. INTODUCTION
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Hagia Sophia ('Holy Wisdom),
• officially known as the Holy Hagia Sophia Grand
Mosque .
• and formerly the Church of Hagia Sophia
• and formerly museum is a Late Antique place of
worship in Istanbul,
• designed by the Greek geometers Isidore of
Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles.
Location Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
Type •Byzantine Christian cathedral (c. 360–1204, 1261–
1453)
•Latin Catholic cathedral (1204–1261)
•Mosque (1453–1931; 2020–present)
•Museum (1935–2020
Length 82 m (269 ft)
Width 73 m (240 ft)
Height 55 m (180 ft)
• The church was then the world's largest interior
space and among the first to employ a
fully pendentive dome
HAGIA SOPHIA,ISTANBUL
https://en.wikipedia.org

8. CHRISTIAN CHURCH MOSQUE MUSEUM MOSQUE
The Council of
Ministers
537 1453 1935
202
0
HISTORICAL TIMELINE
• Patriarchal cathedral of
the imperial capital
of Constantinople.
• Eastern Orthodox Church
The Byzantine Empire
• Built by the eastern Roman
emperor Justinian
• it was converted to a
mosque by Mehmed the
Conqueror.
• Islamic architectural
features were added, such as
a minbar (pulpit), four minarets
and a mihrab,qibla. It was
the principal mosque of Istanbul
from its initial conversion until the
1616 construction of the
nearby Sultan Ahmed
Mosque (the Blue Mosque).
• The complex remained a
mosque until 1931, when it was
closed to the public for four
years.
• According to data released by
the Ministry of Culture and
Tourism, Hagia Sophia was
Turkey's most visited tourist
attraction in 2015 and 2019
• On 10 July 2020, the decision of the
Council of Ministers to transform the
Hagia Sophia into a museum was
annulled by the Council of State,
decreeing that Hagia Sophia cannot be
used “for any other purpose” than being
a mosque and that the Hagia Sophia
was property of the Fatih Sultan
Mehmet Han Foundation.
https://en.wikipedia.org
Ottoman Empire Republic of Turkey

9. 9
 From its opening, the third and final Hagia Sophia was indeed a remarkable structure. It
combined the traditional design elements of an Orthodox basilica with a large, domed roof, and
a semi-domed altar with two narthex (or “porches”).
FLOOR:
• The stone floor of Hagia Sophia dates from the 6th century. After the first
collapse of the vault, the broken dome was left in situ on the original
Justinianic floor and a new floor was laid above the rubble when the dome
was rebuilt in 558.
• From the installation of this second Justinianic floor, the floor became part of
the liturgy, with significant locations and spaces demarcated in various ways
using different-coloured stones and marbles.
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES:
https://en.wikipedia.org

10. Narthex and portals:
The Imperial Gate, or Imperial Door, was the main entrance between the exo- and esonarthex, and it was
originally exclusively used by the emperor. A long ramp from the northern part of the outer narthex leads up to the
upper gallery
Upper gallery:
The upper gallery, or matroneum, is horseshoe-shaped; it encloses the nave on three sides and is interrupted by
the apse. Several mosaics are preserved in the upper gallery, an area traditionally reserved for the Empress and
her court. The best-preserved mosaics are located in the southern part of the gallery.
The northern first floor gallery contains runic graffiti believed to have been left by members of the Varangian
Guard.
Dome
The dome of Hagia Sophia has spurred particular interest for many art historians, architects, and engineers
because of the innovative way the original architects envisioned it. The dome is carried on four spherical
triangular pendentives, making the Hagia Sophia one of the first large-scale uses of this element.
https://en.wikipedia.org 10

11. CRITERIA:1985
i."To represent a masterpiece of human creative genius"
ii."To exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology,
monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design"
iii."To bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared"
iv."To be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history"
AS A HERITAGE BUILDING:
The grand mosque of Hagia Sophia and the Chora Mosque ,the components of world heritage site “historic areas of Istanbul”.
Aspects of
Authenticity
HAGIA SOPHIA,ISTANBUL
Form and design Eastern Orthodox Church.After turned into mosque Islamic architectural style influence its design.
Materials and substance The original Hagia Sophia construction did not use concrete neither Roman technology. it used red brick, white limestone and sand
stone to build Minarets. The interior was covered by gold and mosaic. It turns to the century of Mosaic.
Use and function Church-Mosque-Mesum-Mosque
Location and setting
Spirit and feeling The original picturesque location and the natural setting of these densely located religious and secular monuments along with the
medieval form and design are intact.
chunlu.wordpress.com/6-the-pendentive-structure-of-hagia-sophia/
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12. ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION
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