The document discusses the national budgeting process in the Philippines. It defines what a national budget is as the government's estimate of income and expenditures for the fiscal year. There are two major sources of money for the national budget: revenues and borrowings. The budget process involves four phases - preparation, authorization, implementation, and accountability. The national budget is allocated to fund various government programs and projects, operation of offices, payment of salaries, and debt payments. It is categorized into current operating expenditures, capital outlays, net lending, and debt amortization.
During the preparation phase, the Executive prepares the proposed National Budget. This is followed by the legislation phase where the Congress authorize the General Appropriations Act. In the execution phase, agencies utilize their approved budgets and during the accountability phase the executive phase, agencies utilize their approved, the executive monitor and evaluate the use of the budget
Title: The Budget Process: An Overview and Analysis
Description:
The budget process is a structured and comprehensive approach to managing financial resources within an organization. This report provides a detailed description and analysis of the budget process, exploring its various stages and key considerations.
The report begins by introducing the concept of the budget process as a fundamental aspect of financial management. It emphasizes the significance of systematic planning, preparation, implementation, and evaluation in achieving organizational goals effectively.
The first stage discussed is budget planning, where financial goals are established, priorities are set, and alignment with strategic objectives is ensured. The report highlights the importance of assessing past performance, forecasting revenue and expenditure, and conducting cost-benefit analyses during this stage. It also emphasizes the need for stakeholder engagement and consultations to ensure the budget reflects diverse perspectives and requirements.
Moving on to the budget preparation stage, the report explains the detailed planning and allocation of resources. It explores the formulation of revenue estimates, identification of expenditure requirements, and the allocation of funds to different departments or programs. The report emphasizes the significance of maintaining consistency, fairness, and transparency through the establishment of budgetary guidelines and frameworks. Collaboration between finance departments and operational units is also stressed as a crucial factor in producing realistic budget estimates.
The report then delves into the budget approval stage, describing the review and approval process. It highlights the different bodies involved in this stage, such as legislative assemblies or executive boards in the public sector, and senior management or board of directors in private companies. The report underlines the evaluation criteria for budget approval, including alignment with strategic objectives, feasibility, and fiscal responsibility.
Finally, the report explores the budget implementation stage, where the approved budget is executed. It emphasizes the allocation of funds to various departments and programs, ensuring adherence to the approved budgetary allocations. The report highlights the importance of effective monitoring and control mechanisms during implementation to track progress, identify deviations, and make necessary adjustments.
Overall, this report provides a comprehensive description of the budget process, elucidating its stages, considerations, and the significance of collaboration and evaluation at each step. It serves as a valuable resource for understanding the intricacies of budget management and its role in achieving organizational objectives.
During the preparation phase, the Executive prepares the proposed National Budget. This is followed by the legislation phase where the Congress authorize the General Appropriations Act. In the execution phase, agencies utilize their approved budgets and during the accountability phase the executive phase, agencies utilize their approved, the executive monitor and evaluate the use of the budget
Title: The Budget Process: An Overview and Analysis
Description:
The budget process is a structured and comprehensive approach to managing financial resources within an organization. This report provides a detailed description and analysis of the budget process, exploring its various stages and key considerations.
The report begins by introducing the concept of the budget process as a fundamental aspect of financial management. It emphasizes the significance of systematic planning, preparation, implementation, and evaluation in achieving organizational goals effectively.
The first stage discussed is budget planning, where financial goals are established, priorities are set, and alignment with strategic objectives is ensured. The report highlights the importance of assessing past performance, forecasting revenue and expenditure, and conducting cost-benefit analyses during this stage. It also emphasizes the need for stakeholder engagement and consultations to ensure the budget reflects diverse perspectives and requirements.
Moving on to the budget preparation stage, the report explains the detailed planning and allocation of resources. It explores the formulation of revenue estimates, identification of expenditure requirements, and the allocation of funds to different departments or programs. The report emphasizes the significance of maintaining consistency, fairness, and transparency through the establishment of budgetary guidelines and frameworks. Collaboration between finance departments and operational units is also stressed as a crucial factor in producing realistic budget estimates.
The report then delves into the budget approval stage, describing the review and approval process. It highlights the different bodies involved in this stage, such as legislative assemblies or executive boards in the public sector, and senior management or board of directors in private companies. The report underlines the evaluation criteria for budget approval, including alignment with strategic objectives, feasibility, and fiscal responsibility.
Finally, the report explores the budget implementation stage, where the approved budget is executed. It emphasizes the allocation of funds to various departments and programs, ensuring adherence to the approved budgetary allocations. The report highlights the importance of effective monitoring and control mechanisms during implementation to track progress, identify deviations, and make necessary adjustments.
Overall, this report provides a comprehensive description of the budget process, elucidating its stages, considerations, and the significance of collaboration and evaluation at each step. It serves as a valuable resource for understanding the intricacies of budget management and its role in achieving organizational objectives.
DBM showcase on PFM: Putting PFM reforms into action in the budgeting system ...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Janet Abuel, Philippines, at the 10th OECD-Asian Senior Budget Officials Annual Meeting held in Bangkok, Thailand, on 18-19 December 2014.
For the complete budget process, you can watch the video entitled “The Philippine Budget Process” or click the link below
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUbUC94oa6s
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DBM showcase on PFM: Putting PFM reforms into action in the budgeting system ...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Janet Abuel, Philippines, at the 10th OECD-Asian Senior Budget Officials Annual Meeting held in Bangkok, Thailand, on 18-19 December 2014.
For the complete budget process, you can watch the video entitled “The Philippine Budget Process” or click the link below
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUbUC94oa6s
This presentation was made by Amanella Arevalo, Philippines, at the 12th Annual Meeting of OECD-Asian Senior Budget Officials held in Bangkok, Thailand, on 15-16 December 2016
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BUDGET PROCESS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, Report for PA1-Introduction to Public Administration, College of Public Administration - Tarlac State University
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Vu Quynh Huong Deputy Chief, Public Finance Research Division, Institute of Financial Science, Ministry of Finance, Ha Noi.
We provide project manager, management for new investments in the philippinesswissandreas
manilam metro davao island We provide project manager, management for new investments in thailand We provide project manager, management for new investments in the philippines We provide project manager, management for new investments in the philippines We provide project manager, management for new investments in the philippines
In modern industrial economies, the budget is the key instrument for the execution of government economic policies. A government budget is often passed by the legislature, & approved by the chief executive-or president. For example, only certain types of revenue may be imposed & collected. Property tax is frequently the basis for municipal & county revenues, while sales tax &/or income tax are the basis for state revenues, & income tax & corporate tax are the basis for national revenues.
Budgetary Considerations in Governmental AccountingNeveenJamal
The main purpose of government is to provide a variety of services to their citizens.
Most of governmental resources are derived from those who pay taxes, but most tax payer do not pay taxes.
Therefore, It can be said that the various services provided by government must compete with each other for scarce resources.
Budget is a process that provides for accumulating resources and for allocating them among competing programs.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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2. Government Budget
A plan for financing the government
activities of a fiscal year preparedand
submitted by responsible executive to
arepresentative body whose approval
andauthorization are necessary before the plan
can beexecuted. It is more than mere estimate
orstatement of receipts and expenditures; it is
adefine proposal to be approved or rejected.
3. Advantages of Budgeting
1.Action is based on study.
2. Cooperation is secured in the entire organization.
3. Policies are established.
4. Programs of activities are related to expected or
available resources and economic conditions.
5. Balanced Programs are developed.
6. Coordinated effort is attained.
7. Operations are controlled.
8. Weaknesses in the government are revealed.
9. Wastes are prevented.
4. Kinds of Budgets
I. As to Nature:
A. Annual Budget- a budget which covers a period of
one year. It is the basis of an Annual appropriation.
B. Supplemental Budget- a budget which purports to
supplemental or adjust a previous budget which is
deemed to inadequate for the purpose for which is
intended.
C. Special Budget- a budget of special in nature and
submitted in a special forms on account of the fact
that itemizations are not adequately provided in the
Appropriation Act or that amounts are not included
in the Appropriation Act.
5. II. As to Basis
A. Performance Budget- a budget
emphasizing the programs or services
conducted and based on functions, activities
and projects which focus attention upon the
general character and nature of work to be
done upon services to be rendered rather
than the things to be acquired such as
personal services, supplies and equipment.
B. Line Item Budget- a budget the basis of
which are the objects and expenditures such
as salaries and wages, travelling expenses,
freight, supplies, materials, equipment etc.
6. III. As to Approach and Technique
A. Zero-Based Budgeting- a process which
requires systematic consideration of all
programs, projects and activities with the use
of the defined ranking procedures.
7. IV. Other Forms of Budget
A. Regional Budgeting- is a budget prepared
consistent with the regional organization of the
National Government, wherein the DBM
identifies by region the expenditures of
government agencies and releases of funds also
on a regional basis.
B. Long-Term-Budget- is a budget prepared for four
or five year period or longer; longer range
estimate revenue and expenditures
requirements.
8. C. Key Budgetary Inclusions- refer to financial
commitments of agencies pertaining to
budget year. KBIs are maintained for the
purpose of:
1. controlling major financial commitments so
that funds are not misappropriated or to
prevent juggling of funds.
2. to disclose the funds and have clear picture
of the expenditures; and . To track down
mandatory obligations and insure funding of
priority projects
9. Legal Basis of the Budget System
Budget Reform Decree
or P.D No. 1177
10. 1. The formulation of the budget that supports
the national development plan and reflects the
objectives and strategies of the plan.
2. 2. The preparation of budget within the context
of the total resources of government, including
revenues and receipts, expenditures and
borrowings of national and local government
units, including government and controlled
corporation.
3. 3. The preparation of the annual budget as an
integral part of a long-term plan and long-term
budget program
11. 4. The specification of multi-year requirements in
each state of the budget process.
5. The preparation of the budget at the regional
level, consolidation and review at the department
and central levels, taking into consideration the
goals, plans and requirements of the regional
offices in the interest of full government response
to local thinking and initiative.
6. The implementation and timing of major
development projects which may affect the
infrastructure program, debt ceilings, domestic
credit, balance of international payments and
determination of expenditure levels to insure the
observance of established fiscal, monetary,
international payment and other constraints.
12. 7. Analysis of budget estimates on a zero-base
approach rather than on percentage or
incremental approach.
8. Basis for legislative discussion of the budget,
limiting the time allotted for debate on the
budget by the legislative body, thereby ensuing
that the budget is approved before the start of
the fiscal year.
9. Adoption of a management information system
for effective performance monitoring and
financial evaluation and the development of
standard costs for units of work measurement, in
order to efeectively evaluate agency programs.
13. What is a National Budget?
It is the government’s estimate of its
income and expenditures. It is what the
government plans to spend it for programs
and projects and where the money will come
from.Two major sources of money for our
National Budget:
1. Revenues
2. Borrowings
14. Four Process of Budgeting
1. Budget Preparation- this place covers the
estimation of government revenues, the
determination of budgetary priorities and
activities and the translation of these
priorities and activities into budgetary
estimates.
2.Budget Authorization- this phase includes the
legislative body reviews the budget proposals
of the President and formulates an
appropriation act in accordance with the
process specified in the Constitution.
15. 3. Budget Implementation/ Execution- This
phase covers the various operational aspects
of budgeting. This is the point where the
agency can make use of the approved
appropriation.
4. Budget Accountability- this phase of the
budget process is concerned with tracking and
monitoring of actual expenditures, revenues,
assets and liabilities of government agencies.
It is particularly involved in the evaluation of
expenditures and performance.
16. On what is our national budget
spent?
It is allocated for the implementation
of various programs and projects, the
operation of government offices,
payment of salaries of government
employees and payment of public
debts.
17. Expenditures by expense class show
how much is much is provided:
1. Current Operating Expenditures-appropriations
for the purchase of goods and
services for conduct of normal government
operations within a budget year; such as the
salaries, maintenance and operating expenses,
interest payment etc.
18. 2. Capital Outlays- appropriations of goods and
services the benefits of which extent beyond the
budget year and which add th the assests of the
government including investments in the capital
stock of government oend or controlled
corporations.
3. Net Lending- net advances by the national
government for the servicing of government
guaranteed corporate debt and loans outlays by
the national government corporations
4. Debt amortization- contribution to the sinking
fund which is utilized for principal repayments of
our loans