The document summarizes the findings of a national assessment of Anganwadi centers (AWCs) conducted between October 2014-March 2015 across five major Indian cities. Key findings include: enrollment numbers were higher than actual turnout of children, with Bangalore having the highest attendance rates. The quality of food provided was satisfactory in Chennai and Bangalore but poorer in Delhi and Kolkata. Healthcare services were most consistent in Chennai but irregular in other cities. Pre-school education programs met norms in Chennai but were inconsistent elsewhere. Infrastructure was generally poor except in Chennai, with most AWCs lacking adequate space and child-friendly facilities.
One Health and food safety research in developing countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan and Rortana Chea at a seminar on 'Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance: One Health Perspectives', Battambang, Cambodia, 12 August 2019.
One Health and food safety research in developing countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan and Rortana Chea at a seminar on 'Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance: One Health Perspectives', Battambang, Cambodia, 12 August 2019.
jyoti`s indira gandh school and college of nursing , munshiganj, amethi, uttar pradesh 227812, topic sub centre, subtopic introduction, definition, purpose, type, categories, type of kits ,budgeting, intrafraction, role of nurse
Although there is very less material in web ,I try to make the topic lucid . I also stuck in sampling part but i feel it helpful for readers .
Commends are welcome
This ppt was prepared by Mohammed Seid Ali (Researcher, Educator, Clinician; Assistant professor) from Gondar, Ethiopia. The ppt contains 52 slides about nutritional assessment in children. The topic is very important for all readers across the world to identify nutritional problems easily, design appropriate interventions, implement nutritional-related health policies, and for the clinicians as a baseline to treat nutritional abnormalities
The Child Sex Ratio in India and states as per Census 2011, mainly through maps showing the dramatic and depressing continued fall in CSR and the spread of this fall into new areas of the country. This was presented at the CWDS media workshop on Sex Selection in Goa from 26th -28th September 2014. Most of these maps are part of the Census of India publication, The State of India's Children.
jyoti`s indira gandh school and college of nursing , munshiganj, amethi, uttar pradesh 227812, topic sub centre, subtopic introduction, definition, purpose, type, categories, type of kits ,budgeting, intrafraction, role of nurse
Although there is very less material in web ,I try to make the topic lucid . I also stuck in sampling part but i feel it helpful for readers .
Commends are welcome
This ppt was prepared by Mohammed Seid Ali (Researcher, Educator, Clinician; Assistant professor) from Gondar, Ethiopia. The ppt contains 52 slides about nutritional assessment in children. The topic is very important for all readers across the world to identify nutritional problems easily, design appropriate interventions, implement nutritional-related health policies, and for the clinicians as a baseline to treat nutritional abnormalities
The Child Sex Ratio in India and states as per Census 2011, mainly through maps showing the dramatic and depressing continued fall in CSR and the spread of this fall into new areas of the country. This was presented at the CWDS media workshop on Sex Selection in Goa from 26th -28th September 2014. Most of these maps are part of the Census of India publication, The State of India's Children.
Supplementary nutritional programmes in indiaDrBabu Meena
This presentation was made to describe the scarcity of food in the country and to teach about the steps taken by the government. This decribes about the various nutritional supplementation progammes in the India, their advantage and disadvantages.
Ronald Abraham_ Session VI_Nutrition services in Bihar – A performance assess...POSHAN
This paper was presented by Ronald Abraham (IDinsight) in the session on ‘Food supplementation programs for nutrition in the Indian context: Current status and future directions’ at the POSHAN Conference "Delivering for Nutrition in India Learnings from Implementation Research", November 9–10, 2016, New Delhi.
For more information about the conference visit our website: www.poshan.ifpri.info
This presentation by Kenda Cunningham, Helen Keller International was shown at the Transform Nutrition - Evidence for Action regional meeting in Kathmandu, Nepal on 8 July 2017. This one-day event shared Transform Nutrition evidence on key issues related to nutrition policy in Nepal, Bangladesh and India, lessons on strategies for change from other contexts and discuss the relevance and applicability of the research findings to policies/programmes that aim to address nutrition in South Asia.
Icds integerated child development schemeDRISHTI .
this power point presentation describes about the ICDS scheme launched by the government of India. have a look for details. it also gives the SWOT analysis of the scheme,
try these child nutrition books
https://amzn.to/2D8116s
https://amzn.to/3gpQ4LP
https://amzn.to/2VHSHRp
https://amzn.to/3gtrxWl
https://amzn.to/31G01k3
Sundarbans Health Watch - Series 1: How healthy are the children of the India...Jeff Knezovich
Professor Barun Kanjilal of IIHMR and the FHS India team outlines findings from the first Sundarbans Health Watch. The findings are from several in-depth studies into the health situation of children in a representative block of the Indian Sundarbans -- Patharpratima. The full report is available on the FHS website -- www.futurehealthsystems.org.
National-Level Trends in Outcomes, Determinants and InterventionsPOSHAN
Presentation by Rasmi Avula (IFPRI) at "Strengthening Data, Analytics and Evidence for Nutrition: An Overview of POSHAN-II" on May 3, 2017, in New Delhi.
To study the knowledge, beliefs and practices of mothers, in relation to initiation, duration and type of breastfeeding, introduction and type of complementary food and other infant feeding practices.
Role of Anganwadi workers in spreading awareness.pptxSuchiPatel30
it is showing how anganwadi workers work in India to help financially unstable families, health of mother and her child, get introduced about vaccination, nutritional intake in rural areas. The Indian government had started Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program to combat child hunger and malnutrition. The role of Mukhya Sevika. Different nine parameters of anganwadi workers.
The Coalition for Child’s Right to Protection, West Bengalcryindia34
CRY supported project The Coalition for Child’s Right to Protection (CCRP) works towards reunifying lost, abandoned, runaway and otherwise separated children with their families to prevent avoidable institutionalisation
Up the Ratios Bylaws - a Comprehensive Process of Our Organizationuptheratios
Up the Ratios is a non-profit organization dedicated to bridging the gap in STEM education for underprivileged students by providing free, high-quality learning opportunities in robotics and other STEM fields. Our mission is to empower the next generation of innovators, thinkers, and problem-solvers by offering a range of educational programs that foster curiosity, creativity, and critical thinking.
At Up the Ratios, we believe that every student, regardless of their socio-economic background, should have access to the tools and knowledge needed to succeed in today's technology-driven world. To achieve this, we host a variety of free classes, workshops, summer camps, and live lectures tailored to students from underserved communities. Our programs are designed to be engaging and hands-on, allowing students to explore the exciting world of robotics and STEM through practical, real-world applications.
Our free classes cover fundamental concepts in robotics, coding, and engineering, providing students with a strong foundation in these critical areas. Through our interactive workshops, students can dive deeper into specific topics, working on projects that challenge them to apply what they've learned and think creatively. Our summer camps offer an immersive experience where students can collaborate on larger projects, develop their teamwork skills, and gain confidence in their abilities.
In addition to our local programs, Up the Ratios is committed to making a global impact. We take donations of new and gently used robotics parts, which we then distribute to students and educational institutions in other countries. These donations help ensure that young learners worldwide have the resources they need to explore and excel in STEM fields. By supporting education in this way, we aim to nurture a global community of future leaders and innovators.
Our live lectures feature guest speakers from various STEM disciplines, including engineers, scientists, and industry professionals who share their knowledge and experiences with our students. These lectures provide valuable insights into potential career paths and inspire students to pursue their passions in STEM.
Up the Ratios relies on the generosity of donors and volunteers to continue our work. Contributions of time, expertise, and financial support are crucial to sustaining our programs and expanding our reach. Whether you're an individual passionate about education, a professional in the STEM field, or a company looking to give back to the community, there are many ways to get involved and make a difference.
We are proud of the positive impact we've had on the lives of countless students, many of whom have gone on to pursue higher education and careers in STEM. By providing these young minds with the tools and opportunities they need to succeed, we are not only changing their futures but also contributing to the advancement of technology and innovation on a broader scale.
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdfSaeed Al Dhaheri
This keynote was presented during the the 7th edition of the UAE Hackathon 2024. It highlights the role of AI and Generative AI in addressing government transformation to achieve zero government bureaucracy
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
What is the point of small housing associations.pptxPaul Smith
Given the small scale of housing associations and their relative high cost per home what is the point of them and how do we justify their continued existance
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Many ways to support street children.pptxSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
Understanding the Challenges of Street ChildrenSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
2. Introduction
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
• The Indian government launched the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) in
1975, to combat malnutrition, provide immunization and other healthcare facilities, and
offer pre-school education to children.
• Local centers called “Anganwadi Centers” (AWC) established under ICDS provide these
services to children up to 6 years of age, adolescent girls, and pregnant and lactating
women.
• CRY- Child Rights and You maintains a sharp eye on exercise of children’s rights in the
country.
• During the 6 months from October 2014 to March 2015, CRY mobilized its formidable
team of volunteers to evaluate the implementation of the ICDS scheme and determine if
the norms laid out therein are being met.
45
Volunteers
5
cities
159
AWC’s
Over 10,900 children registered as beneficiaries in AWC’s surveyed
3. Contents
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Background & Methodology
Enrolment vs. Turnout
Nutrition
Health & Immunization
Pre-School Non-Formal Education
Infrastructure
Operations & Registers
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
F
I
N
D
I
N
G
S
4. Background & Methodology
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Background & Methodology
Enrolment vs. Turnout
Nutrition
Health & Immunization
Pre-School Non-Formal Education
Infrastructure
Operations & Registers
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
F
I
N
D
I
N
G
S
5. The National Anganwadi Assessment
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Assessment of the gap between:
ICDS provisions and on-the-ground realities
• Integrated Child Development Scheme
• Established under Indian government’s Early Childhood Care and
Education (ECCE) Policy
ICDS
• “Courtyard shelters” started under the ICDS program
• Provide health, nutrition and education services to children under
age of 6, pregnant and nursing mothers and adolescent girls
• 13.3 lakh operational AWC across India
Anganwadi
• The Indian government has prescribed certain financial, nutritional, educational, and
health-related minimum norms that must be met by each Anganwadi Centre (AWC).
• The purpose of this assessment was to determine if the prescribed norms are being
met by the AWC and to compare the results with last year’s observations.
6. The ICDS Scheme
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Target Group Healthcare Services Nutrition Services Education Services
Children aged
0-3 years
• Health checkups
• Immunization
• Deworming
• Treatment of minor
illnesses
• Referral services for severe
illnesses
• Supplementary feeding
• Growth monitoring
• Take home rations
-
Children aged
3-6 years
• Supplementary feeding
• Growth monitoring
• Early childhood care
• Pre-school education
• Nutrition and health
education
Adolescent girls
aged 11-18 years
• Health checkups
• Treatment of minor
illnesses
• Referral services
Take home rations
• Non-formal education
• Nutrition and health
education
Pregnant women
• Health checkups
• Immunization
• Referral services
Take home rations Nutrition and health
education
Nursing mothers
• Health checkups
• Referral services
Take home rations Nutrition and health
education
All women aged
15-45 years
Nutrition and health
education
8. Methodology
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Identification of
AWC
Permission from
Child Development
Project Officer
Field Visits
Questionnaires &
Community
Interactions
Evaluation of
Results
Note: Necessary permissions could not be obtained in Mumbai, hence assessment of the Mumbai
AWC is based upon community interactions, comprising of 81 households.
9. Enrollment vs. Turnout
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Background & Methodology
Enrolment vs. Turnout
Nutrition
Health & Immunization
Pre-School Non-Formal Education
Infrastructure
Operations & Registers
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
F
I
N
D
I
N
G
S
10. • AWC’s claim that all potential beneficiaries falling under their
coverage area have been enrolled into the program.
• While that may indeed be the case, the actual turnout is far lower.
• This is because many parents do not send their children to the AWC,
due to the problems highlighted further in this report.
Enrollment vs. Turnout
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Enrollment
Turnout
11. Enrollment vs. Turnout
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
• Bangalore stands heads and shoulders above other cities in terms of turnout. Turnout of
both male and female children was over 90% in Bangalore.
• In other cities, turnout of children averaged around 50% in most AWC’s.
• Many parents prefer to send children to private schools, as they believe that teaching is not
up to date in AWC’s.
• Parents prefer to give home-cooked food to their children rather than the lower quality
food provided by AWC’s.
66%
48%
91%
59% 53%
91%
63%
50%
91%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Delhi Kolkata Bangalore
Turnout Pattern of Children Aged 0-6 Years
Male
Female
Total
Note: Details of turnout could not be collected for Chennai and Mumbai AWC’s.
12. Nutrition
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Background & Methodology
Enrolment vs. Turnout
Nutrition
Health & Immunization
Pre-School Non-Formal Education
Infrastructure
Operations & Registers
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
F
I
N
D
I
N
G
S
13. Nutrition
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Food Item Malnourished Lactating Normal
Rice 50 grams 70 grams 50 grams
Daal 25 grams 30 grams 50 grams
Eggs 4.25 (4 times/week) 4.25 (4 times/week) 4.25 (4 times/week)
Vegetables 60 grams 33 grams 23 grams
ICDS Food Norms for Children
Freshly cooked food
provided at almost all
AWC’s
ICDS norms met by
nearly all AWC’s,
although complaints
exist
14. Food Quality & Quantity
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
74%
50%
100% 95%95% 90%
100% 100%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Delhi Kolkata Chennai Bangalore
Satisfaction With Food Quality & Quantity
Quality
Quantity
• Most respondents expressed satisfaction with the quality and quantity of the food
provided at the AWC’s.
• Chennai led the way with all AWC’s providing food of satisfactory quality and quantity.
• Bangalore followed close behind with observation of low quality food at just 1 out of 22
AWC’s. Food quantity was sufficient in all Bangalore AWC’s.
• Food quality as well as quantity was comparatively poorer in Delhi and Kolkata AWC’s,
as detailed ahead.
15. Food Quality & Quantity
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
• In Delhi, a majority of the respondents were satisfied with the food quality. Still, the
proportion of respondents discontent with the quality was higher than in Chennai and
Bangalore.
• An exceptional case in Delhi was the Mandangir village, where 70% of the respondents
were unhappy with the quality of the food.
• In Kolkata, respondents complained of poor quality of rice in 5 out of 10 AWC’s.
• Food quantity was insufficient in one AWC each in Delhi and Kolkata.
Delhi and Kolkata Lag in Food Quality
• The most common complaint regarding poor food quality was adulterated food. Some
respondents even complained of finding stone chips and worms in the food.
• Another recurring complaint was lack of variety in food, although the situation has
improved considerably since last year in this aspect.
Complaints
16. Food Quality & Quantity
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
• In Mumbai, about 10% of the respondents expressed discontent with the food quality.
• However, another 10% respondents claimed that they were either unaware of the ICDS
facility, or the food was simply not being provided to them.
• Further, a few respondents claimed that they had to pay money for the food provided by
the AWC, which is a blatant violation of ICDS norms.
• These facts indicate a lack of supervision of the ICDS scheme in Mumbai, which may be
preventing its proper implementation.
Observations in Mumbai
Lumpy dalia served at a Delhi AWC Khichdi served with soya bean at Sikdar Bagan, Kolkata
17. Malnutrition
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
8%
4%
0%
9%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
Delhi Kolkata Chennai Bangalore
Percentage of Malnourished
Children
• Bangalore and Delhi had the highest
percentage of malnourished children.
• However, a majority of the cases in
Bangalore and Delhi were of Grade 1
malnutrition, which is the least severe
category.
• On the other hand, in Kolkata, half of the
children suffering from malnutrition
were categorized as Grade 3, which is
severe malnutrition.
City No. of Malnourished
Children
Delhi 416
Kolkata 22
Chennai 0
Bangalore 8
Total 465
18. Take Home Rations
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
ICDS norms: Take Home Rations (THR) are prohibited except if:
The child/mother is sick
The mother is 8 months pregnant or has a
baby younger than 1 month
• With the exception of AWC’s in Delhi’s
Dwarka region, AWC’s generally
adhere to ICDS’ prohibition on THR.
• Most AWC’s in the Dwarka region
completely ignore the restriction on
THR, as in most cases children pack the
food provided at the AWC’s and take it
home.
• Other AWC’s do not allow THR except
for valid exceptions like ill health, late
stage pregnancy, emergencies, festivals,
etc.
Food menu at a Delhi AWC
19. Health & Immunization
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Background & Methodology
Enrolment vs. Turnout
Nutrition
Health & Immunization
Pre-School Non-Formal Education
Infrastructure
Operations & Registers
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
F
I
N
D
I
N
G
S
20. Healthcare Services
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
ICDS norms - Healthcare:
• Regular visits by Auxillary Nurse
Midwife (ANM)
• Healthcare of children less than 6
years of age
• Treatment of minor illnesses
• Antenatal care of expectant mothers
• Newborn care
• Post-natal care of nursing mothers
60%
90% 91% 86%77%
50%
91% 91%
80%
70%
100% 95%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Delhi Kolkata Chennai Bangalore
Healthcare Services
Regular ANM Visits Regular health checkups Treatment of minor illnesses
• Chennai’s AWC’s are the most reliable
in providing regular healthcare
services.
• Healthcare services are inconsistent in
Delhi and Kolkata’s AWC’s.
• In one AWC of Delhi and Kolkata each,
there is no ANM.
• In many cases, the healthcare services
are provided by medical centers rather
than the AWC’s.
21. Healthcare Services
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
• In Kolkata’s Young Society Club AWC, an ANM has not been appointed since the last 5-6
years after the previous ANM retired. Similarly, no ANM is appointed in one AWC in
South Delhi.
• No healthcare services are being provided in these two ANM’s. This is a serious
oversight that should be addressed immediately.
• In Delhi, only 60% of the AWC’s have regular visits from the ANM’s.
• Regular health checkups of children are being done only in 50% of the AWC’s surveyed
in Kolkata.
Detailed Observations
Community interaction in Mumbai
22. Immunization
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Immunization for: Polio, Diptheria, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Measles
Immunization of
children done in all
AWC’s except in
Kolkata
In 5 AWC’s in Kolkata,
children are referred
to corporation medical
centers for
immunization
23. Growth Monitoring
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
ICDS norms
Children must be weighed once a
month and a growth chart should be
maintained.
• Only one AWC in Chennai and
Delhi each do not take monthly
weight of children.
• It is worth noting that several
AWC’s in Delhi refused to share
their growth monitoring
information.
• This indicates that such AWC’s
may apprehensive about letting
their non-adherence come to
light.
99% 100%
91%
100%
86%
88%
90%
92%
94%
96%
98%
100%
Delhi Kolkata Chennai Bangalore
Regular Weighing of Children
In Mumbai, 62 of 83 households
surveyed were not aware that growth
monitoring services are provided by
AWC’s.
24. Pre-School Non-Formal Education
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Background & Methodology
Enrolment vs. Turnout
Nutrition
Health & Immunization
Pre-School Non-Formal Education
Infrastructure
Operations & Registers
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
F
I
N
D
I
N
G
S
25. Pre-School Education
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
ICDS norms: Children in the age group 3-6 years should be actively engaged in
educational program of at least 3 hours
69%
50%
100%
77%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Delhi Kolkata Chennai Bangalore
Minimum 3 Hours Educational Program
• All AWC’s in Chennai conduct minimum 3 hours of educational programs as required.
• Educational programs in AWC’s in the other three cities are inconsistent, with only 50%
AWC’s in Kolkata fulfilling the ICDS norms. However, the time spent on educational
programs was less than 3 hours in all Kolkata AWC’s.
• In Delhi, even in AWC’s supposedly fulfil the 3-hour requirement, we found that
children are not engaged in any productive activities. Rather, they just sit in the
classroom and play with toys.
• Parents in Delhi’s AWC’s do not
seem to believe in the program’s
educational benefits.
• They only enrol their children in
the AWC’s to avail the free meals
for their kids.
26. Pre-School Education
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
116
9
15
18
Medium of Instruction
Hindi Bengali Tamil Kannada
63% 60%
100%
64%57%
100%
73% 68%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Delhi Kolkata Chennai Bangalore
Classroom Environment
Child-
friendly
classrooms
Toys &
learning
material
• Most AWC’s do not have child-friendly classrooms
except in Chennai. Many classrooms are cramped and
unclean, making them highly unsuitable for children.
• In a few AWC’s, cooking materials like gas cylinders
and stoves are kept inside the classroom itself, which
poses a serious safety risk for children.
• Availability of toys and learning materials for children
is also inconsistent. Where toys are available, they are
often in a dilapidated condition.
27. Infrastructure
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Background & Methodology
Enrolment vs. Turnout
Nutrition
Health & Immunization
Pre-School Non-Formal Education
Infrastructure
Operations & Registers
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
F
I
N
D
I
N
G
S
28. Infrastructure
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
12% 10%
82%
32%
9% 10%
82%
14%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Delhi Kolkata Chennai Bangalore
Indoor and Outdoor Space
30 sq. mt. indoor space 35 sq. mt. outdoor space
60%
30%
36%
55%
27% 30%
82%
14%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Delhi Kolkata Chennai Bangalore
Building and Surroundings
Safe & clean building Child-friendly surrounding
• Infrastructure is extremely poor in all cities other
than Chennai.
• Almost all AWC’s in Delhi and Kolkata are
extremely cramped. Some AWC’s in Kolkata had
indoor space of as little as 5 sq. mt.
• Similarly, most AWC’s are located in old buildings
in poor localities, making them unsuitable for
children.
• The condition of the classrooms is also very poor
in numerous AWC’s. Problems like insufficient
lighting, leaking roof, and water logging was
noticed at many centres. Water logged cooking area at a Kolkata AWC
29. Infrastructure
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
42%
90%
64% 59%
7%
0%
55%
9%
19%
0%
36% 32%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Delhi Kolkata Chennai Bangalore
Infrastructure Facilities
Drinking water Separate toilets for boys & girls Hand wash area
• Sufficient drinking water is available in most AWC’s, but it is not necessarily safe. For
instance, in Kolkata, none of the AWC’s have provision for boiled drinking water.
Corporation water is provided to children, which is unfit for consumption.
• The worrying aspect is that a number of AWC’s do not have a drinking water facility at
all. Less than half centres in Delhi have provision for drinking water.
• Except in Chennai, separate toilets for boys and girls is a rare facility in AWC’s.
However, none of the AWC’s in Kolkata had even a single toilet, since the centres are
operating out of rented rooms.
• Similarly, a separate hand wash area is not available in a majority of the AWC’s.
30. Infrastructure
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
13%
60%
100%
41%
7% 0%
82%
36%
76%
100% 91% 91%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Delhi Kolkata Chennai Bangalore
Infrastructure Facilities
Cooking area Nap area First-aid kits
• All AWC’s in Chennai have a separate cooking
area, while only 15 out of the 115 AWC’s
surveyed in Delhi had such a provision.
• Similarly, over 80% of AWC’s in Chennai have
a nap area for children. In other cities, rarely
any AWC’s have a separate nap area.
• Most AWC’s have first-aid or medical kits in all
four cities. However, 28 centres in Delhi do not
have a first-aid kit, which should be a
minimum requirement for operating an AWC.
Cramped room at a Kolkata AWC
31. Operations & Registers
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Background & Methodology
Enrolment vs. Turnout
Nutrition
Health & Immunization
Pre-School Non-Formal Education
Infrastructure
Operations & Registers
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
F
I
N
D
I
N
G
S
32. Operations
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
70%
100% 100%
68%
83% 90% 100%
64%
100% 90% 91%
73%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Delhi Kolkata Chennai Bangalore
AWC Operations
AWC's Operating on Schedule Both staff present Teacher trained in pre-school education
• All AWC’s in Chennai and Kolkata are
operational during the scheduled time.
• In Delhi and Bangalore, AWC’s close in 1-2
hours due to absence of teachers. Some
AWC’s are operational only for the mid-
day meal.
• Both staff, namely, the teacher and the
helper are generally present in all AWC’s.
• Most teachers are trained in pre-school
education, except in case of Bangalore.
AWC in Mumbai
33. Registers
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
The following registers must be
maintained by the AWC’s:
• Family Survey Register
• AWC Attendance Register
• Birth and Death Register
• Growth chart Register
• Services for Pregnant and
Lactating Women Register
• Immunization Register
• Supplementary nutrition and pre-
school education Register
• Home visit Register
• Daily diary Register
All registers are
maintained by at least
80% AWC’s in all cities
The Daily Register is
an exception, as it is
not maintained by 57
of 159 AWC’s
surveyed.
34. Conclusions
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Background & Methodology
Enrolment vs. Turnout
Nutrition
Health & Immunization
Pre-School Non-Formal Education
Infrastructure
Operations & Registers
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
F
I
N
D
I
N
G
S
35. Conclusions
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Average turnout of around 50% in
most AWC’s due to outdated teaching
methods and poor food quality
OBSERVATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
Regular monitoring of teaching
standards and food quality to
encourage attendance
1/3rd of the AWC’s surveyed are not
being visited by ANM’s regularly
ANM’s should be held accountable if
AWC’s are not visited regularly
Pre-school educational activities not
conducted properly for prescribed
duration in 46 of 159 AWC’s
Regular monitoring of teaching
standards and teachers to be held
accountable for shortcomings
Extremely poor infrastructure in most
AWC’s except in Chennai
Increase in government funding so
that better centers can be rented
30% AWC’s in Delhi and Bangalore
not operational for prescribed
duration
Surprise visits by Supervisor;
AWC staff to be held accountable for
shortcomings
36. Acknowledgements
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
Background & Methodology
Enrolment vs. Turnout
Nutrition
Health & Immunization
Pre-School Non-Formal Education
Infrastructure
Operations & Registers
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
F
I
N
D
I
N
G
S
37. Acknowledgements
National Anganwadi Assessment 2014-15
We would like to thank the Child Development Project Officers
and the AWC staff for their cooperation and support, without
which this project could have come to fruition.
Most important of all, we would like to thank the thousands of
children benefitting from the ICDS program, who were often the
source of the most unbiased and honest feedback.
We would also like to extend our heartfelt thanks to members of
the community for trusting us with their views on the ICDS
program, which was instrumental in carrying out a true and fair
assessment of the scheme.
Last but not the least, we would like to thank our tireless
volunteers, who contributed much time and effort for making this
assessment a reality.