This document discusses several narrative theories proposed by theorists like Tzvetan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, Roland Barthes, and Levi Strauss. Todorov believed that all narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disequilibrium, acknowledgement, solving, and a new equilibrium. Propp suggested that every narrative uses 8 character types like the villain, donor, hero, etc. Barthes proposed that narratives use 5 codes like action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural to engage the reader. Finally, Levi Strauss' binary opposition theory stated that all narratives can be reduced to binary opposites like good vs evil.
This PowerPoint is part of my A2 Media Studies coursework. It briefly explains narrative theory, before going on to talk about different narrative theorists, and how their theories are relevant to my work.
This PowerPoint is part of my A2 Media Studies coursework. It briefly explains narrative theory, before going on to talk about different narrative theorists, and how their theories are relevant to my work.
Narrative theorists consist of three different theorists and what they believe. This was done for A2 blogging as coursework. Hopefully this is as helpful as other slideshares.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. • Definition:
– The way in which a story is told in both fictional and non-fictional media texts.
• Theorists:
– Tzvetan Todorov
– Vladimir Propp
– Roland Barthes
– Levi Strauss
3. TODOROV’S THEORY
In 1969 Todorov produced a theory which he believed could
be applied to any film. He believed that all films followed the
same narrative pattern. They all went through stages called
the equilibrium, disequilibrium, acknowledgement, solving
and again equilibrium.
There are five stages the narrative can progress through:
1. A state of equilibrium (All is as it should be.)
2. A disruption of that order by an event.
3. A recognition that the disorder has occurred.
4. An attempt to repair the damage of the
disruption.
5. A return or restoration of a NEW equilibrium
4. VLADIMIR PROPP
Vladimir Propp was a literary critic and a scholar who founded
the idea that a certain type of character was to be used in every
narrative structure. His theory has influenced many film makers
to writing and producing successful narratives. Propp also
suggested that every narrative has 8 different character types,
theses character types are:
• The Villain
• The Donor
• The Hero
• False Hero
• The Dispatcher
• The Helper
• The Princess or Prize, and often her Father
5. ROLAND BARTHES
Roland Barthes is a French semiologist and he
suggested that narrative works with five different
codes which activate the reader to make sense of
it.
Barthes' codes consist of:
- ACTION
- ENIGMA
- SYMBOLIC (CONNOTATION)
- SEMIC (DENOTATION)
- CULTURAL
6. LEVI STRAUSS
Levis Strauss was a French anthropologist
and ethnologist and he came up with the
'binary opposition theory'. This stated that
all narratives could be reduced down to
binary opposites, for instance good vs evil
or strong vs weak
