This paper reports the effect of the different deposition methods towards the ZnO nanostructure crystal quality and film thickness on the polyimide substrate. The ZnO film has been deposited by using the spray pyrolysis technique, sol-gel and RF Sputtering. Different methods give a different nanostructure of the ZnO thin film. Sol gel methods, results of nanoflowers ZnO thin film with the thickness of thin film is 600nm. It also produces the best of the piezoelectric effect in term of electrical performance, which is 5.0 V and 12 MHz of frequency which is higher than other frequency obtained by spray pyrolysis and RF sputtering.
Synthesis and Characterization of High Quality Mesoporous Material SBA-16 wit...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This paper reports the effect of the different deposition methods towards the ZnO nanostructure crystal quality and film thickness on the polyimide substrate. The ZnO film has been deposited by using the spray pyrolysis technique, sol-gel and RF Sputtering. Different methods give a different nanostructure of the ZnO thin film. Sol gel methods, results of nanoflowers ZnO thin film with the thickness of thin film is 600nm. It also produces the best of the piezoelectric effect in term of electrical performance, which is 5.0 V and 12 MHz of frequency which is higher than other frequency obtained by spray pyrolysis and RF sputtering.
Synthesis and Characterization of High Quality Mesoporous Material SBA-16 wit...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Detecting of NH3, CO2 polluted gases by using ZnO- In2O3 thin filmsijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Synthesis, Characterization of ZnS nanoparticles by Coprecipitation method us...IOSR Journals
ZnS nanoparticles are prepared by coprecipitation method using various capping agents like PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), PVA (polyvinylalcohol) and PEG-4000 (polyethyleneglycol). These are characterized by UV-Visible spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, Fourier Transform Infra-red spectra (FTIR) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV-Visible absorption spectra are used to find the optical band gap and the values obtained have been found to be in the range of 3.80-4.00eV. The particle size of nanoparticles calculated from XRD pattern has been in the range of 2-4 nm. It is also observed that the particle size of nanoparticle is affected by the nature of capping agent. Photo catalytic degradation of xylenol orange (XO) by the nanoparticles shows that these act as photo catalysts under sunlight irradiation. The XO dye was degraded more than 87.24, 83.42 and 73.05% in the presence of PEG-4000, PVA and PVP capped ZnS nanoparticles in 120, 150 and 180 min. respectively. The kinetics of catalyzed by synthesized ZnS nanoparticles with XO dye follows pseudo-first order kinetics with reasonable apparent rate constants.
Just basics of mesoporous materials!!The Break through came around 1992 by both Japanese and Mobil scientist on the soft template based synthesis of mesoporous materials
Synthesis and charaterization of la1 x srxmno3 perovskite nanoparticlesMai Trần
In recent times perovskite materials are extensively studied and have attracted much attention because they exhibit interesting the properties, showing potential applications in commercial, technical and biomedical. In Vietnam, perovskite materials be of interest research and applications are strong but with major research direction is to go deep into the electrical properties and the magnetic properties. The Lanthanum Strontium manganite is a perovskite-based crystal-structured ceramic material with the formula of La1-xSrxMnO3, where x describes the doping ratio. It has attracted much attention due to its good magnetic, electrical, and catalytic properties and is becoming an attractive possibility material in several biomedical applications, particularly with nano-size. In industry, this material is commonly used in as a cathode material in commercially produced solid oxide fuel cells. In this thesis, we present the Perovskite nanoparticles La1-xSrxMnO3 were successfully synthesized of the nanosize La1-xSrxMnO3 at x = 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4 which prepared by a modified sol-gel method. Structure and magnetic properties of them were systematically investigated in dependence on doped Sr ratio x. The structure was investigated by XRD and show slightly changed but magnetic properties varied strongly with changing the doping ratio x. Magnetic properties of samples were studied by Vibrating Sample Mode of Physical Properties Measurement System show at the room temperature, the samples show superparamagnetic properties with high saturated magnetization MS of 57 emu/g which strongly dependents on the doped Sr ratio x.
MoS2 NanoTubes as efficient additive to lubricantsdmtgms
Information about MoS2 nanotubes, which can be used as extremely low friction, low-wear additive either to oils and to polymer coatings or as a dry lubricant for vacuum, low-temperature or/and space applications. In this case comparitive test results are shown on steel and DLC surfaces and with cooling fluids. Various laboratory tests results.
Seeking investors for production / marketing.
Higher order Floquet mode scattering radiating elements address the packaging, cost, and performance requirements of low cost phased array antennas, antenna radome integration, and small AESA systems.
Detecting of NH3, CO2 polluted gases by using ZnO- In2O3 thin filmsijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Synthesis, Characterization of ZnS nanoparticles by Coprecipitation method us...IOSR Journals
ZnS nanoparticles are prepared by coprecipitation method using various capping agents like PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), PVA (polyvinylalcohol) and PEG-4000 (polyethyleneglycol). These are characterized by UV-Visible spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, Fourier Transform Infra-red spectra (FTIR) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV-Visible absorption spectra are used to find the optical band gap and the values obtained have been found to be in the range of 3.80-4.00eV. The particle size of nanoparticles calculated from XRD pattern has been in the range of 2-4 nm. It is also observed that the particle size of nanoparticle is affected by the nature of capping agent. Photo catalytic degradation of xylenol orange (XO) by the nanoparticles shows that these act as photo catalysts under sunlight irradiation. The XO dye was degraded more than 87.24, 83.42 and 73.05% in the presence of PEG-4000, PVA and PVP capped ZnS nanoparticles in 120, 150 and 180 min. respectively. The kinetics of catalyzed by synthesized ZnS nanoparticles with XO dye follows pseudo-first order kinetics with reasonable apparent rate constants.
Just basics of mesoporous materials!!The Break through came around 1992 by both Japanese and Mobil scientist on the soft template based synthesis of mesoporous materials
Synthesis and charaterization of la1 x srxmno3 perovskite nanoparticlesMai Trần
In recent times perovskite materials are extensively studied and have attracted much attention because they exhibit interesting the properties, showing potential applications in commercial, technical and biomedical. In Vietnam, perovskite materials be of interest research and applications are strong but with major research direction is to go deep into the electrical properties and the magnetic properties. The Lanthanum Strontium manganite is a perovskite-based crystal-structured ceramic material with the formula of La1-xSrxMnO3, where x describes the doping ratio. It has attracted much attention due to its good magnetic, electrical, and catalytic properties and is becoming an attractive possibility material in several biomedical applications, particularly with nano-size. In industry, this material is commonly used in as a cathode material in commercially produced solid oxide fuel cells. In this thesis, we present the Perovskite nanoparticles La1-xSrxMnO3 were successfully synthesized of the nanosize La1-xSrxMnO3 at x = 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4 which prepared by a modified sol-gel method. Structure and magnetic properties of them were systematically investigated in dependence on doped Sr ratio x. The structure was investigated by XRD and show slightly changed but magnetic properties varied strongly with changing the doping ratio x. Magnetic properties of samples were studied by Vibrating Sample Mode of Physical Properties Measurement System show at the room temperature, the samples show superparamagnetic properties with high saturated magnetization MS of 57 emu/g which strongly dependents on the doped Sr ratio x.
MoS2 NanoTubes as efficient additive to lubricantsdmtgms
Information about MoS2 nanotubes, which can be used as extremely low friction, low-wear additive either to oils and to polymer coatings or as a dry lubricant for vacuum, low-temperature or/and space applications. In this case comparitive test results are shown on steel and DLC surfaces and with cooling fluids. Various laboratory tests results.
Seeking investors for production / marketing.
Higher order Floquet mode scattering radiating elements address the packaging, cost, and performance requirements of low cost phased array antennas, antenna radome integration, and small AESA systems.
Overview of the benefits of tensile architecture; the integration of flexible, organic solar photovoltaic panels and SKYShades projects across the world.
Five Dimensional Optical Recording (5D DVD)Arun Basil Lal
5 Dimensional Optical Storage is a new technology which uses the wave length
and polarization of light along with the other three dimensions of space to
create high density, high storage discs that can store upto 10 Tera Bytes of
data.
New Application Of Nanowires for Implantable Medical Devicesbrandypearson
Investigative research project proposal for Nanoscience graduate course. Explores potential use of growth of titatium oxide on implantable medical devices for improved bio-compatibility and anchoring within the body.
Characterization of Manganese doped ZnO (MZO) thin films by Spin Coating Tech...IOSR Journals
Doping is a widely used to improve the structural and optical properties of semiconductors. However deposition route is also very important to get nanostructure with different properties. ZnO nanostructures doped with Mn having 5% doping concentrations by weight percentage have been synthesized in the laboratory using Spin coating technique. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image shows the around one millimeter and X-ray diffractometer studies shows that the average diameter of the particles is 25 nm. From the UV-Vis studies the annealing temperature increases the crystal size decreases and the bandgap values increases accordingly.
EFFECT OF ZN CONCENTRATION ON STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPRIETIES OF ZNO THIN ...AEIJjournal2
ZnO thin film were deposited by spray pyrolysis on glass substrates, using zinc nitrate as precursor with
different molar concentrations varying from 0.05M to 0.2 M. To study the structural proprieties of the film ,
the different technique was used as the X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman
scattering , and FTIR . The optical properties were explored by transmission, reflectivity and
Photoluminescence techniques. The ZnO thin films obtained in this paper are polycrystallines, the grain
size increases when the molar concentration of Zn precursor was increasing. The films are transparent in
visible region, this transmission values decreases when the molar concentration increase caused by the
increasing of surface roughness
Effect of Zn Concentration On Structural and Optical Proprieties Of ZNO Thin ...AEIJjournal2
ZnO thin film were deposited by spray pyrolysis on glass substrates, using zinc nitrate as precursor with
different molar concentrations varying from 0.05M to 0.2 M. To study the structural proprieties of the film ,
the different technique was used as the X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman
scattering , and FTIR . The optical properties were explored by transmission, reflectivity and
Photoluminescence techniques. The ZnO thin films obtained in this paper are polycrystallines, the grain
size increases when the molar concentration of Zn precursor was increasing. The films are transparent in
visible region, this transmission values decreases when the molar concentration increase caused by the
increasing of surface roughness
Synthesis of Graghene, with characterization and application.Hamza Suharwardi
graphene has huge effects on the environment so I synthesize this and perform the XRD, FTIR and simulate On Blender, moreover, I presented the implementation in several fields.
Graphene: the world's first 2D material. Since graphene's isolation in 2004, it has captured the attention of scientists, researchers, and industry worldwide.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Effect of Sn Doping on Structural and Electrical Properties of ZnO Thin Films...journal ijrtem
Abstract: Un-doped and tin (Sn) doped ZnO films were deposited on heated glass substrates by chemical spray pyrolysis method
(CSP). The effect of Sn concentration on the structural, surface morphological and electrical properties of the SnO2 films was
investigated. XRD analyses showed that the obtained films are polycrystalline in nature with hexagonal structure with preferred
orientation of (101). Doping with tin (Sn) causes increase in the grain size. Atomic force microscopy images showed that the root
mean square of the average surface roughness's varied from (1.48 to 3.58) as dopant concentration increased from 0 to 5 wt.%. The
electrical properties of the Sn ZnO films were strongly influenced by doping concentration. The electrical resistance of the films was
sharply decreased as dopant concentration increased.
Keywords: (ZnO) thin films, Sn Doping, Structural and electrical Properties
A micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope is commonly used to monitor the angular rate of a moving body due to its benefits. The most promising advantages include its small size, low cost, and a high degree of integration. MEMS gyroscope has different fabrication processes and micromachining techniques. LIGA (Lithography-Galvanoformung-Abformung), bulk micromachining, surface micromachining, Silicon-on-glass (SOG) and Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) are the known fabrication techniques for MEMS gyroscope. This paper systematically reviewed the fabrication techniques used to fabricate the MEMS gyroscope. The current review paper also focuses on the performance of MEMS gyroscope which included several recent developments. For the conclusion of results, the variable typically used is the rate of turn (°/s) for MEMS angular rate sensors with respect to bandwidth frequency. Finally based on the review some analysis on fabrication technology, key principles, and performance parameters are discussed.
Potentiostatic Deposition of ZnO Nanowires: Effect of Applied Potential and Z...IJRES Journal
In this work we report on potentiostatic deposition of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) covered glass substrates from electroreduction of molecular oxygen. The influence of applied deposition potential, and the concentrations of zinc precursor (ZnCl2) on the properties of ZnO nanowires was investigated.SEM results revealed that ZnO nanowires electrodeposited at applied potential -0.85Vhave high density and good alignment. The diameters and densities of the electrodeposited ZnO nanowires are strongly dependent on the zinc ion concentrations and well aligned nanowires with uniform diameter can be obtained when the concentration of zinc ions is between 0.5 mM and 1 mM.
A Review of Zinc-Oxide as Nano Materials and Devicesidescitation
This paper presents a review of zinc oxide (ZnO) as
nano material and device. ZnO has gained substantial interest
in the research area of wide band gap semiconductors due to
its unique electrical, optical and structural properties.
Recently, ZnO as nano material generates much interest
among researchers and technologists and have been used in
many devices such as UV photodetectors, light emitting diodes,
solar cells and transistors. Moreover, a brief overview on ZnO
recent advances on nanoparticles, nanowires and their
applications as devices are discussed and reviewed.
Influence of Doping and Annealing on Structural, Optical and Electrical prope...ijeei-iaes
The optical gap of the films was calculated from the curve of absorption coefficient (αhע)2 vs. hע and was found to be 3.8 eV at room temperature, and this value decreases from 3.8 to 3.58 eV with increasing of annealing temperature up to 473-673 K, and increases with the Ga doping. λ cutoff was calculated for ZnO and showed an increase with increasing annealing temperature and shifting to longer wavelength, while with doping the λcutoff shifted to shorter wavelength. The photoluminescence (PL) results indicate that the pure ZnO thin films grown at room temperature show strong peaks at 640 nm , but GaO doped ZnO films showed a band emission in the yellow-green spectral region (380 to 450nm).
Enhancing light sources color homogeneity in high-power phosphor-based white ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Color uniformity is one of the essentials for the on-going development of WLED. To achieve a high color uniformity index, increasing the scattering events within the phosphor layers was reported to be the most efficient method and in this article, ZnO is the chosen material to apply in this method. After analyzing the scattering properties through the scattering cross-section , scattering coefficient and scattering phase function , the which outcomes comfirm that ZnO can enhance the scattered light in the phosphor layers. Moreover, the findings from the study of ZnO concentration from 2% to 26% suggest that color uniformity also depends on the fluctuation of ZnO concentration, therefore, to control color uniformity the focus should be implied on both size and concentration of ZnO. The experimental results from this research show that the luminous flux of WLED is at the peak if the concentration of ZnO is at 6%, and when the concentration of ZnO is at 18% and has 100 nm particles size, the ΔCCT reaches the lowest level. The final choice should be based on the desired characteristic of WLEDs, however, if the WLED need to excel in both luminous flux and ΔCCT then 6% ZnO concentration with particles size from 100 nm-300 nm is the optimal choice.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
To Graph or Not to Graph Knowledge Graph Architectures and LLMs
Nanotech presentation
1. Sub-coherent growth of ZnO nanorod arrays
on three-dimensional graphene framework as
one-bulk high-performance photocatalyst
PRESENTED BY :
PRATEEK AGRAWAL
PRIYANSHI GARG
RAJAT VERMA
2. ▪ ZnO - a potential candidate for photo-catalytic materials.
▪ ZnO nanostructures have unique properties and potential application in photoelectric
conversion, catalyst and sensors.
▪ Structure of Nano particles influences its properties.
▪ Numbers of well-ordered ZnO nanostructure have been prepared and studied:
▪ ZnO Nano-composite with flower-like morphology
▪ ZnO hollow spheres with double-yolk egg structure
▪ CdS decorated ZnO nanorods-2D graphene hybrids,
▪ Flexible, thorn-like ZnO-multiwall carbon nanotube hybrid paper
INTRODUCTION
3. ▪ Photo catalytic efficiency of ZnO is mainly determined by two factors:
▪ the excitation of photo generated electrons – induced by band gap of ZnO,
▪ the separation of photo induced electron-hole pairs - depends on the
conductivity of materials.
▪ Another major drawback of ZnO is its photo corrosion properties, making it
unsuitable for repeatable using in catalyst application.
▪ Hybridizing ZnO nanostructures with carboneous materials (fullerene, carbon
nanotube, and graphene) may narrow the band gap and improve the conductivity of
ZnO.
4. ▪ So far the dominant form of carbon-ZnO hybrid structure is dispersive powder but
application limited by the difficulties of retrieving and re-refining. Thus, the one-bulk
structure is highly appropriate.
▪ Metal plate and conductive glass as carriers have been researched, but application is
restricted by their low specific area.
5. ▪ Three-dimensional graphene (3DG) framework
▪ possesses one-bulk structure, allowing active catalyst materials to grow on its surface
and
▪ facilitate the recycling and reusing process.
▪ has high electron conducting property, high specific surface area, and excellent
chemical stability.
▪ As carrier for catalysts, provides large expose area for catalyst to attached on
▪ prevents the activated materials from agglomerating.
WHY 3DG?
6. ▪ the micron-sized pores of 3DG framework bulk allows gas or liquid to flow through it
without being hindered, increasing the efficiency of catalytic reaction.
▪ Its excellent electron conduction help it to facilitate the separation of photo generated
electron-hole pairs in ZnO and increase chance of charge transfer from catalyst to
reactant.
▪ Last but not least, the density of 3D graphene foam(∼0.06 g cm−3) is extremely low,
proving the light weight of the composite structure.
▪ However, the hybridization is hindered by the homogeneity and hydrophobicity of
carboneous surface.
7. ▪ Fabrication of 3DG-ZnO nano-rod arrays structure included two
steps:
▪ In the first step, 3D graphene network was prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
of graphene on nickel foam
▪ In the second step, vertically aligned ZnO nano-rod arrays were deposited on 3DG
framework.
▪ The growth of ZnO nanorods on 3DG includes seeding processand growth process
SAMPLE PREPARATION
8. ▪ Seeding process-:
Zinc acetate aqueous solution was dripped on 3DG framework, maintained for 60
s and then flushed by alcohol. Such dripping was repeated for four times . then
annealed at 350◦C for 20 mins.
▪ Growth Process -:
3DG framework bulk attached with ZnO seed crystal was immersed in zinc nitrate and
hexamethylenetetramine aqueous solution, heated in 92◦C water bath for two hours. Then
the bulk was washed with deionised water and dried in the air.
SAMPLE PREPARATION
9. ▪ Prepared material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron
microscopy (TEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)
▪ Photoluminescence spectrum of 3DG-ZnO is recorded by a Hitachi F7000 fluorescence
spectrophotometer with 350 nm laser line as excitation sources.
MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE
CHARACTERIZATION
10. Fig. 1. (a)Low magnitude SEM images of 3DG-ZnO; (b) top-view and (c) tiled-view high-
magnitude SEM image of 3DG-ZnO; (d)TEM and (e) HRTEM images of ZnO nanorod;(f) SAED
pattern of ZnO nanorod.
11. ▪ Shown in low magnitude SEM images (Fig. 1(a)),the surface of three-dimensional
graphene framework is fully covered by ZnO with thick density of coverage.
▪ In the top-view high-magnitude image (Fig. 1(b)), ZnO nanorods are in ordered
alignment on the surface as arrays with space between the nanorods. Each
nanorod shows a uniform monocrystal morphol-ogy with wurtzite structure, which
is confirmed by the hexagonal shape of the top surface.
▪ The tiled-view image (Fig. 1(c)) illustrates that vertically aligned ZnO nanorod
arrays are formed, and nanorods separate well from each other.
12. ▪ In TEM images in Fig. 1(d), the length of ZnO nanorods is con-firmed to be ∼600 nm .
▪ The electron diffraction pattern in Fig. 1(e) also proves the existence of the wurtzite structure of
ZnO crystal.
▪ The corresponding SAED pattern (Fig. 1(f)) reveals that the synthesized products are single-
crystalline and grown along c-axis .
14. ▪ The formation of the regularly aligned ZnO nanorods is due to the epitaxial growth of
wurtzite ZnO monocrystal grain on the surface of graphene
▪ As shown in Fig. 2, the length of C-C bond in graphene is ∼1.42 Å, and the lattice constant
c of wurtzite ZnO structure is ∼3.25 Å, which is in accordance with the distance between
two specific bond center illustrated in Fig. 2.
▪ the formation of well- ordered ZnO monocrystal grain on the surface of graphene could
occur because of the epitaxial relationship between ZnO and graphene.
15. ▪ The photo catalytic efficiency test was performed with Xenon lamp as the irradiation source.
▪ 3DG-ZnO framework bulk with 5.03 × 10−3g ZnO nanorods attached was immersed in 10 mL MO
solution.
▪ Then remained in darkness for 30 min for the adsorption of MO, and then irradiated with Xenon lamp
for four hours .
▪ Every hour, a sample of 3 mL test solution was placed in quartz colorimetric utensil and analyzed
spectrometer .
PHOTOCATALYTIC PERFORMANCE TEST
16. ▪ In the photostability tests, in order to evaluate the endurance of ZnO-3DG structure, a six-hour test
was designed that the mass of loaded ZnO was halved.
▪ All other conditions are in consistent with the photocatalytic efficiency test.
▪ After the first test, the ZnO-3DG structure was washed by deionized water and alcohol and then
dried before the second test.
17. PHOTOCATALYTIC EFFICIENCY
▪ The photocatalytic properties of 3DG-ZnO were studied by constantly monitoring the photocatalytic degradation of MO in
aqueous solution under the UV–vis light by Xe lamp.
▪ ZnO-3DG has a high photocatalytic activity. Within four hours, the concentration of MO decreases to 11.95% of the initial
value.
19. PHOTOCATALYTIC EFFICIENCY
High efficiency of 3DG-ZnO is attributed to the following reasons :
▪ The nano rod arrays morphology of ZnO appearantly increases its specific area. It can make sure that the most active
surfaces are exposed, and increase the surface area for the oxidation of MO on the interface.
▪ Graphene framework processes very high electronic mobility, and plays a role of electron reservoir. The high electronic
mobility of graphene may enhance the transfer of photo generated electrons out of ZnO, leaving separated holes in ZnO for
the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, the recombination of photo excited electron-hole pairs is retarded, and the
photo activity is improved .
20. PHOTOSTABILITY PROPERTY
▪ 3DG-ZnO structure also exhibits excellent stability against photo corrosion of ZnO.
▪ The photocatalytic efficiency changed little in the repeating test. As illustrated in the curve, the photo degredation efficiency in
the third cycle remains96.8% of the first cycle. Such result is mainly due to the suppression of the reaction between surface
oxygen and photo generated holes.
21. • Existence of surface oxygen is the main reason of photo corrosion of ZnO.
• Prevention of photo corrosion can be carried out in two ways:
By minimizing the amount of surface oxygen, and
By keeping the holes away from surface oxygen ions.
The structure of 3DG-ZnO can achieve both. Defects on the surface such as vacant sites are main source of
active surface oxygen ions. As our structure exhibits well-ordered mono crystal ZnO nano rods which have
few defects on the surface, the chance of photo corrosion reactions are rare. In this structure, vacant sites
mainly exist near the joining points between 3DG and ZnO nano rods, and perfectly covered by graphene
layers. Thus, the limited space near the joining point would suppress the reaction , and the process of photo
corrosion can be retarded.
22. CONCLUSION
▪ In this presentation, we reported ZnO nanorod arrays grown on three-dimensional graphene framework by template-free method.
▪ The rod-array morphology of ZnO crystal increases its surface area and accelerates the mass transfer, allowing more chances for
the oxidation of catalysant.
▪ The hybridization of ZnO nanorod arrays and 3DG enhances electron transfer from ZnO to graphene, helping the separation of
photo generated holes.
▪ The CO bond existed on the joining points of ZnO and 3DG reduce the activity of surface oxygen ions which may trigger the photo
corrosion reaction of ZnO . Therefore, the photo stability of the structure is improved.
▪ Research reveals the mechanism of photocatalytic performance improvement of the structure. It also proves that the
hybridization of ZnO to carboneous materials, and similar structures are of great potential in photocatalytic applications.
23. REFERENCE
▪ Research Paper : Sub-coherent growth of ZnO nanorod arrays on three-
dimensionalgraphene framework as one-bulk high-performance
photocatalyst. Written by : Mei Yu, Yuxiao Ma, Jianhua Liu∗, Xinjie Li, Songmei Li, Shenyao LiuSchool of Materials
Science and Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, Chinaa
Editor's Notes
ZnO nanocomposite with flower like morphology :- high surface area of the nanocomposite ensures good photo catalytic performance for detection and degradation of organic pollutant
ZnO hollow spheres with double-yolk egg structure - light multi-reflection property of such material is ideal for high-performance photo-catalysts
CdS decorated ZnO nanorods-2D graphene hybrids, which features superior reusability and anti-photocorrosion stability.
Flexible, thorn-like ZnO-multiwall carbon nanotube hybrid paper – possessed excellent photocatalytic performance due to fast and unblocked transition in space between thorn-like ZnO particles.
Thus effectively increasing its photo catalytic efficiency and photo stability.