Nanomedicine uses engineered nanoscale devices and structures to monitor, repair, and control human biological systems at the molecular level. In the past, ancient practices like Ayurveda unknowingly utilized nanotechnology through techniques like Bhasma which reduced particle sizes. Currently, nanomedicine enables targeted drug delivery, nanosurgery, tissue engineering and nanodiagnostics. The future may see further development of nanotherapeutics, gene editing using CRISPR, and integration of nanotechnology with the human body through devices like brain chips.

3. What is Nano-Medicine?
Nanotechnology is the study of controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology
Deals with structure sized between 1-100nanometer in atleast one dimension, and involves developing materials
Or devices within that size.
Nano-Medicine
Nano-medicine is defined as the monitoring, repair, construction and control of human biological systems at
the molecular level, using engineered nanodevices and nanostructures. Nano-medicine is the medical use of
molecular sized particles to deliver drugs, of heat, light or other substances to specific cells in the human body
The applications of nano-medicine in the fields of cancer therapy, disease diagnosing, drug delivery etc makes up
Just the tip of the ice berg of what nanomedicine is going to offer us.

4. 1. PAST NANO-MEDICINE
2. PRESENT NANO-MEDICINE
3. FUTURE NANO-MEDICINE

5. Homeopathic pills containing naturally occurring metals such as gold, copper and iron retain their
potency even when diluted to a nanometre or one-billionth of a metre, states the IIT-Bombay
research published in the latest issue of ‘Homeopathy’.
NANOMEDICINE HAD BEEN IN USE FROM THE ancient times, EXCEPT THAT THE TERM NANO WAS NOT USED.
We can simply put it this way, chemistry is about decoding the knowledge of the past and encoding the future
with technology.

6. Similarly in the past the ayurvedic treatment was in use which simply concealed the technique of nanochemistry.
the specific term used for this treatment in Ayurvedha is Bhasma. The particle size reduced significantly
Which may facilitate absorption and assimilation of the drug into the body system. The particle size in the
Bhasma was found to be 1-2micrometre.

7. NANO-MEDICINE AT THE PRESENT
The present medical techniques considers the use and potential of emerging nanoscience techniques
in medicine such as nanosurgery, tissue engineering and targeted drug delivery.
Applications of NanoMedicines
Nanodiagnostics are highly useful for visualizing and better understanding several important (patho-) physiological
Principles of diseases and disease treatments, enabling. eg: magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and
MR lymphography, and the labelling and tracking of (stem) cells.

8. NANO-MEDICINE AT THE PRESENT
Applications of NanoMedicines
A large number of nanotherapeutics have been designed and evaluated over the years, relying e.g. on liposomes,
polymers, micelles, nanoparticles and antibodies as carrier materials. The vast majority of these formulations have
been used for drug targeting to tumors, and rely on EPR-mediated passive drug targeting.

9. NANO-MEDICINE AT THE PRESENT
Applications of NanoMedicines
These so-called nanotheranostics can be used for various different
purposes, including, for example, for monitoring the biodistribution and the target site accumulation of
nanomedicines, for visualizing and quantifying (triggered) drug release, and for longitudinally assessing
therapeutics efficacy.

10. NANO-MEDICINE AT THE PRESENT

11. NANO-MEDICINE AT THE PRESENT
Surgery at the Nano-Scale
Few years ago, robot-controlled microsurgery emerged eliminating manual instrument manipulations and
the limitations of the vision of the human eye. Promising nanosurgery techniques include the use of
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) with a nano-needle and Femtosecond Laser Surgery.

12. NANO-MEDICINE AT THE PRESENT
Photo Dynamic Therapy (PDT)
Photo Dynamic Therapy is the fast growing technique to treat cancer. In PDT the self assembled nanodrug
carriers ( miscelles, libosomes,etc) play a great role in solubilizing the photosensitizer, metal nanoparticles
can carry the Plasmon Resonance Enhancement, and Fullerenes can act as photosensitizer, themselves.
PDT involves a variety of diseases that require the killing of pathological cells (eg: cancer cells) or the removal
of unwanted tissue. It is based on the excitation of non-toxic photosensitizer by harmless visible light leading
to the production of highly toxic Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that kill cancerous cells.

13. NANO-MEDICINE AT THE PRESENT
Photo Dynamic Therapy (PDT)

14. NANO-MEDICINE AT THE PRESENT
Nano in Dental
Nanotechnology is now being used in the production of a wider range of dental materials such as light-cured
compositions and their bonding systems, impression materials, ceramics, dental implant coatings and
Bioceramics.
Light cured compositions Nano-coatings Bioceramics

15. NANO-MEDICINE AT THE PRESENT
Nanotechnology to modify DNA
The CRISPR ( Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a powerful new gene-editing tool
and hold promise for new treatment of genetic diseases.
The MIT researchers developed nanoparticles that can deliver the CRISPR genome editing system and specifically
modify genes.
The team used nanoparticles to carry CRISPR components eliminating the need to use viruses for delivery.
This genes targeted study was also found to regulate cholesterol levels.

19. Using the CRISPR technology we can not only change the code of genetic diseases but also change the
identity (physical look and mental behavior) of an individual before birth by administering the modified DNA
into the mother’s womb.
The computers have the binary code
and
We humans have the DNA code

20. In future artificial intelligence (AI) will combine with human body and become a part of the body completely
by the invention of nanochips that can be inserted into the brain, it will work as GPS system to track the particular
Individual’s location inside whom it is implanted and can also connect the brain directly with various devices. Not
only that it becomes a platform to store the biological and various other data of the individual. By this technique
The Government will have a control over every citizen. This invention may be an advantage to avoid crime but
The privacy will be lost.