The document describes a deadly church fire that occurred in Santiago, Chile on December 8, 1863. During a mass celebrating the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, a gas lamp ignited decorative veils, starting a fire. The fire quickly spread due to the flammable materials used for decorations and construction. Panicked attendees tried to escape through side doors that only opened inward, leaving the main entrance as the only exit. Approximately 2,000 people were trapped inside as the fire grew, resulting in many casualties.

1. Fire Protection Systems
For FMs

2. Is there a Need
The Church of the Company of Jesus, was a Jesuit church located in downtown Santiago, closely
associated with the Marian cult. That day was the celebration of the Feast of the Immaculate
Conception, one of the most popular festivities of the religious calendar, and the temple was adorned
with a profusion of gas lights and wall coverings. In the main altar, a large statue of the virgin Mary
stood over a half-moon that in itself was a huge candelabra.
That night, the fire started a few minutes before 7 PM, when a gas lamp at the top of the main altar
ignited some of the veils that adorned the walls. Somebody tried to put it out by smothering it with
another cloth, but managed to only make the fire jump over to the rest of the veils and from there on
to the wood roof. The mostly women attendees panicked and tried to escape but the side doors had
been closed in order to leave space to accommodate more people (they only could be opened
inwards), leaving the main entrance as the only exit.
Fire Brigade (training / response) / hoop skirts (pile up at door) / door swing (side exits) / special event
(large numbers) / decorations / occupancy (exceeded and chairs changed location) / structure
materials (collapse) / apx 2000 people

3. Example
The Joelma Building is a 25 floor skyscraper in São Paulo, Brazil.
At 8:50am on 1 February 1974, an air conditioning unit on the twelfth floor overheated, starting a fire.
There were 756 people in the building at the time.
Because flammable materials had been used to furnish the interior, the entire building was engulfed in
flames within 20 minutes. The fire was extinguished at 1:30pm. 179 people were killed and 300 injured.
Partitions, desks and chairs were made of wood. The ceilings were cellulose fiber tiles set in wood
strappings. The curtains and carpets were also flammable.
Inside, the fire reached the building's only stairwell and climbed as high as the 15th floor. It did not reach
any higher because of a lack of flammables in the stairwell, however it filled the stairwell with smoke
and heat, making it impassable. Fire crews attempted to gain access to the building using this stairwell,
but could not go any higher than the 11th floor (the first floor consisting of business offices).
Approximately three hundred people were evacuated using the elevators, a practice that is not
recommended by fire officials. The four elevator operators were only able to make a few trips,
however, before conditions within the building made it impossible to continue.

4. Cont.
Approximately 170 people went to the roof during the fire, in hopes of being rescued by helicopter. There
was, however, no place clear enough or big enough for helicopters to land. Even if such had been put
in, the strong heat and dense smoke made approaching the building by helicopter extremely hazardous.
Approximately 80 people hid under the tiles on the roof of the building. They alone were found alive.
Some people had managed to climb out onto ledges, and a few were able to lower themselves from floor
to floor, and were then able to climb down the aerial ladders, while being protected from heat, smoke,
and flames. Most of the others stayed where they were until rescue teams could gain access to the
building. Desperate to escape the threat of the fire, forty people jumped, or fell, off the building. Fire
crews tried to persuade them otherwise by waving to them and holding up signs that said, "Remain
Calm! The fire is Out!" Still, they jumped in hopes of reaching a ladder, or surviving the fall. All forty of
these people were killed.
By 10:30 am, the fire subsided. Two hours later, it had engulfed all flammables and simply burned itself
out. Medical teams, fire crews and police were then able to enter the office towers and search for
survivors. Upon completing their search, authorities found that 179 people died in this fire. At the
time, this had been the greatest death toll in any high-rise building fire.

5. Fire Protection
 Building Design
 Doors
 Exits
 Zones
 People / Training
 Fire extinguisher
 Systems
 Alarm / Signal
 Sensor / Actuation
 Monitoring
 Water / Dry / Halon

6. Fire - Building
 Type of Structure
 Size
 Location of Exits
 Fire Walls
 Dampers
 Types of Doors / Ceilings / windows
 Storage
 Decorations
 Sprinkler / Wet Dry

7. Fire - People
 Doors propped open / Storage / Blocking
 How to set off alarm
 How to use Fire extinguishers
 Teachers / cribs
 PMs
 Sunday Morning Training
 Response to Alarms

8. Fire - People
 Setup Diagrams
 Removing storage (no cardboard)
 Eliminating options (no door stops)

9. Fire Alarm Procedure
 Fire Alarm Procedure
 Notify YFD (if you want them to respond) that a drill will take place (same day, at least an hour before).
 Call Simplex Grunell Monitoring 1-xxxxxxxxxxx, account number xxxxxxxx, passcode xxxxxxx to place system in “Test” for a short
predetermined time. This will prevent alarms from calling fire department during that predetermined time.
 Get Notifier key from Panel door in the custodial closet off of the main Worship Center lobby (1st hall on left, closet on
right, across from Elevator):
 Open the closet with the custodial closet key.
 Take Notifier key from left-side Fire Panel box.
 Insert key into the right side of the control box on back wall and open the Notifier Fire control panel.
 Note: - Alarm will sound for a predetermined time (90 secs) once activated regardless of “Silence” or “Reset” at panel due to Time out.
Pull Station must be reset before Panel can be fully reset.
 To set off alarm from the Notifier Fire control Panel:
 Push Alarm Activate.
 Participate in drill and log time.
 Return to Notifier Fire control panel or Annunciator Panel by WC Lobby front door (requires key) and do the following:
 Acknowledge
 Alarm Silence
 System Reset - should state “All System Normal” and no more beeping or alarms.

10. Classroom
Evacuation Plan

11. Sunday Morning Handout
 Sunday Map

12. Sunday Morning
 Sunday Morning Emergency Response Training
 In the event of - Here at Faith:
 Fire / Fire Alarm – Remain calm, proceed to closest safe EXIT; continue to
Safe Distance from Building. (Do not attempt to go get your children, their
leaders will take them in groups to additional safe areas)
 Hurricane / Tornado – Remain calm; proceed to safer interior areas within
the church such as 1st floor adult classrooms / hallways. Sit down with head
between knees if possible. Close interior doors and windows.
 Active / Imminent Threat to Life – 1st Run from active area if possible; 2nd
Secure in Place, Hide; 3rd Fight / defend position.

13. People - Training
 Evacuation locations

14. People – Training Detail
 Train Staff with more detail
 Fire extinguisher
 Teach to Lead others
 Teachers –
 Stop drop roll
 If hot , smoke, stay low
 Keep calm
 Don’t go get your kids

15. The Fire Triangle
Fire Safety, at its most basic, is based upon the
principle of keeping fuel sources and ignition
sources separate.

16. The Fire Triangle
1. Enough OXYGEN to sustain combustion
2. Enough HEAT to reach ignition temperature
3. Some FUEL or combustible material
Together, they produce the CHEMICAL
REACTION that is fire
Three things must be present at the same time to
produce fire:
Take away any of these things and
the fire will be extinguished

17. Fuel Classifications
 Fires are classified according to the type of
fuel that is burning.
 If you use the wrong type of fire extinguisher
on the wrong class of fire, you might make
matters worse.
 Its very important to understand the four
different fire (fuel) classifications…

18. Fuel Classifications
Class A: Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plastics—
solids that are not metals.
Class B: Flammable liquids—gasoline, oil,
grease, acetone. Includes flammable gases.
Class C: Electrical—energized electrical
equipment. As long as it’s “plugged in.”
Class D: Metals—potassium, sodium, aluminum,
magnesium. Requires Metal-X, foam, and other
special extinguishing agents.

19. Fuel Classifications
Most fire extinguishers will have a pictograph label
telling you which types of fire the extinguisher is
designed to fight.
For example, a simple water extinguisher might have
a label like this…
…which means it should only be used on Class A fires.

20. Types of Fire Extinguishers
Different types of fire extinguishers are designed to
fight different classes of fire.
The 3 most common types of fire extinguishers are:
1. Water (APW)
2. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
3. Dry Chemical (ABC, BC, DC)
4. Not-Common - Type K (Ansul Kitchen)

21. Types of Fire Extinguishers
1. Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers
Large silver fire
extinguishers that stand
about 2 feet tall and
weigh about 25 pounds
when full.
APW stands for “Air-
Pressurized Water.”
Filled with ordinary tap
water and pressurized
air, they are essentially
large squirt guns.

22. Types of Fire Extinguishers
1. Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers
APW’s
extinguish fire
by taking away
the “heat”
element of the
Fire Triangle.

23. Types of Fire Extinguishers
1. Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers
APW’s are designed for Class A fires only:
Wood, paper, cloth.
Using water on a flammable liquid fire could cause
the fire to spread.
Using water on an electrical fire increases the risk of
electrocution. If you have no choice but to use an
APW on an electrical fire, make sure the electrical
equipment is un-plugged or de-energized.

24. Types of Fire Extinguishers
2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
CO2 cylinders are red. They range in size from 5 lbs to 100 lbs or
larger. On larger sizes, the horn will be at the end of a long,
flexible hose.
The pressure in
a CO2
extinguisher is
so great, bits of
dry ice may
shoot out of the
horn!

25. Types of Fire Extinguishers
2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
CO2s will frequently be found in laboratories, mechanical
rooms, kitchens, and flammable liquid storage areas.
CO2’s are designed for Class B and C
(Flammable Liquids and Electrical Sources)
fires only!
In accordance with NFPA regulations (and manufacturers’
recommendations), all CO2 extinguishers at OSU undergo
hydrostatic testing and recharge every 5 years.

26. Types of Fire Extinguishers
2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
CO2 is very cold as it comes out of the extinguisher, so it
cools the fuel as well.
Carbon dioxide is a
non-flammable gas
that takes away the
oxygen element of
the fire triangle.
Without oxygen,
there is no fire.

27. Types of Fire Extinguishers
2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
Class A materials may also smolder and
re-ignite.
A CO2 may be ineffective in
extinguishing a Class A fire because it
may not be able to displace enough
oxygen to successfully put the fire
out.

28. Types of Fire Extinguishers
3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers
The powder also works to interrupt the chemical reaction of
fire. These extinguishers are very effective at putting out
fire.
Dry chemical
extinguishers put
out fire by
coating the fuel
with a thin layer
of dust. This
separates the fuel
from the oxygen
in the air.

29. Types of Fire Extinguishers
3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers
At Faith, “ABC” fire extinguishers are filled with a fine
white or yellow powder. The extinguishers are pressurized
with nitrogen.
ABC extinguishers are
red. On campus, they
range in size from 5
to 20 lbs.

30. Types of Fire Extinguishers
3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers
You may see them labeled:
• DC (for “Dry Chemical”)
• ABC (can be used on Class A, B, or C fires)
• BC (designed for use on Class B and C fires)
Dry chemical
extinguishers come in
a variety of types…

31. Types of Fire Extinguishers
3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers
An “ABC” extinguisher will have a label
like this, indicating it may be used on
Class A, B and C fires.
It is extremely important to identify which types of dry
chemical extinguishers are located in your area!
You don’t want to mistakenly use a “BC” extinguisher on a
Class A fire thinking that it was an “ABC” extinguisher.

32. Types of Fire Extinguishers
4. Type K-Guard – Ansul Kitchen
• Fast Flame Knock-Down and Securement of Grease-
Related Fires
• Provides a Cooling Effect Which Further Enhances Its
Ability to
• Prevent Reflash
• Designed for a Wide Variety of Restaurant Hazards
• Listed by (UL) as Part of the R-102 Restaurant System
• Ease of Recharge and Post-Fire Cleanup
• Non- Corrosive
•As the agent is sprayed in fine droplets (atomized)
onto an appliance grease fire, it provides excellent
flame knock- down, surface-cooling, and fire-securing
capabilities.
Only in Kitchen

33. How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
It’s easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if
you remember the acronym PASS:
 Pull
 Aim
 Squeeze
 Sweep

34. How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
Pull the pin…
This will allow
you to
discharge the
extinguisher

35. How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
Aim at the base of the fire…
Hit the fuel,
apx 8 ft away.
If you aim at the flames...
… the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do
no good.

36. How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
Squeeze the top handle…
This depresses a
button that
releases the
pressurized
extinguishing
agent.

37. How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
Sweep from side to side…
.. until the fire is
completely out.
Start using the extinguisher
from a safe distance away,
then slowly move forward.
Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case
it re-ignites.

38. Fire Extinguisher PM
 map

39. Fire - Systems
 Types of Manufactures / Monitoring / Service
 Simplex
 Tyco / ADT
 Siemens
 Firelite
 Notifier

40. Map of Sensors
Devices
 Color
 Type
 Number matches Panel

41. Map
Un-sprinkled
 Color
 Type
 Ceiling smoke vs Duct

42. Fire - Systems
 Sensors
 Smoke
 Ion
 Photo
 Laser
 Heat
 CO2
 Actuated
 Valves moved – position sensor
 Water Flow -
 Pull Station

43. Fire - Systems
 Alarm
 Horn Strobe / Audible level
 Signal / Visual Level
 Timing / Sync
 Battery Back-up
 Multiple Buildings / Locations
 Signal in remote locations – if related

44. Fire – Systems
 Monitoring
 Response
 Call list
 2 – connections to station
 Detail Data vs basic
 Supervisory / Alarm / Trouble
 Battery
 Putting in Test
 Testing – of system

45. Your System
 Installation Manual
 Operating Manual
 Programming Manual
 Type of Loop
 Closed
 Open
 Voltage
 Diodes
 Isolation
 Resistor / EOL

46. Basic System

47. Basic System

48. SLC - Loop
 Device Name
 Loop that it is on
 Location vs Name
 Type

49. Panel

50. Panel

51. Fire - Systems
 Sprinkler
 Wet
 Dry
 Halon
 CO2
 Chemical
 Riser
 RPZ – Backflow / Hotbox
 PIV – Position Indication valve

52. Sprinkler

53. Sprinkler Heads

54. Sprinkler Contract

55. RPZ

56. Fire Protection
 What can you add to your PM Schedule
 What Training do you need to add
 What contracts do you need to audit / renew / cancel
 What updates do you need to make to Building

57. Discussion