Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas and ozone depleting substance whose emissions are increasing rapidly and expected to double by 2050. A new UNEP report finds that reducing nitrous oxide emissions through measures like improving nitrogen use efficiency in agriculture, installing emissions controls in industry, and better waste management could lower emissions 22% by 2050 compared to business as usual. This would provide significant benefits including slowing climate change, protecting the ozone layer, and saving over $23 billion per year in fertilizer costs alone. While barriers include costs and lack of knowledge, the report identifies policy options to incentivize reductions under frameworks like the UNFCCC and Montreal Protocol.