Amanda Myers provides her contact information and career statement, indicating her interest in areas like genetics and human health. She then lists her extensive technical expertise in areas such as chemical hazard identification, risk assessment, and laboratory skills. Her employment history includes work at an advanced testing laboratory conducting human risk assessments and toxicological profiles. She earned degrees in biology and chemistry from Ball State University and has research experience in projects involving database design, protein expression, and earthworm densities based on soil composition.
FunGen JC Presentation - Mostafavi et al. (2019)BrianSchilder
The document summarizes a study that used RNA sequencing data from over 500 brain samples to construct gene coexpression networks and identify modules of genes associated with Alzheimer's disease traits like cognitive decline and amyloid pathology. They prioritized one module (m109) associated with cognitive decline and validated two genes (INPPL1 and PLXNB1) within that module that reduced amyloid levels in vitro. However, these genes did not fully account for the effects of the entire module, suggesting more work is needed to identify additional driver genes related to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.
Functional Genomics Journal Club presentation on the following publication:
Kuzawa, C. W., Chugani, H. T., Grossman, L. I., Lipovich, L., Muzik, O., Hof, P. R., … Lange, N. (2014). Metabolic costs and evolutionary implications of human brain development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(36), 13010–13015. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1323099111
This document presents a flexible architecture for studying plant functional genomics in space environments. The goals are to remotely measure plant responses to space conditions, determine gene function, and optimize plant performance. The basic architecture involves subjecting a test plant to a space environment, analyzing gene expression with microarrays, isolating genes, disrupting genes, and performing functional analysis. Arabidopsis and moss are proposed as model systems. Future work includes generating gene knockouts in moss, introducing additional environmental conditions, and adapting the architecture for space flight.
This document discusses optimal tiling algorithms for selecting genomic DNA fragments for applications such as microarray design and homology searching. It defines several tiling problems involving finding the maximum weighted set of tiles (sequence fragments) within certain size bounds from a given genomic sequence. Typical parameter values are provided for applications involving sequencing lengths up to 3.4GB, tile sizes from 200bp to 1.5kb, and allowing overlaps of up to 100bp for homology searching. Efficient algorithms are sought with linear or near-linear runtimes to solve these tiling problems.
Next Generation Sequencing Informatics - Challenges and OpportunitiesChung-Tsai Su
Genetic data is the foundation of precision medicine. Next Generation Sequencing(NGS) enable us to get our whole genome data in affordable cost. How to process huge amount of NGS data effectively ?
Mathew Nordland is a senior at Purdue University studying biochemistry. He has worked as a research assistant since 2015 under Dr. Jody Banks investigating epigenetic gene silencing using techniques like PCR, qPCR, and CRISPR/Cas9. His research has focused on cloning RNAi constructs, assessing differential gene expression, and elucidating the chemical structure of a pheromone in the Ceratopteris sex determination pathway. Upon graduation in 2018, he plans to co-author two publications on his research regarding RNAi-mediated gene silencing and the structural elucidation of a target pheromone.
FunGen JC Presentation - Mostafavi et al. (2019)BrianSchilder
The document summarizes a study that used RNA sequencing data from over 500 brain samples to construct gene coexpression networks and identify modules of genes associated with Alzheimer's disease traits like cognitive decline and amyloid pathology. They prioritized one module (m109) associated with cognitive decline and validated two genes (INPPL1 and PLXNB1) within that module that reduced amyloid levels in vitro. However, these genes did not fully account for the effects of the entire module, suggesting more work is needed to identify additional driver genes related to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.
Functional Genomics Journal Club presentation on the following publication:
Kuzawa, C. W., Chugani, H. T., Grossman, L. I., Lipovich, L., Muzik, O., Hof, P. R., … Lange, N. (2014). Metabolic costs and evolutionary implications of human brain development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(36), 13010–13015. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1323099111
This document presents a flexible architecture for studying plant functional genomics in space environments. The goals are to remotely measure plant responses to space conditions, determine gene function, and optimize plant performance. The basic architecture involves subjecting a test plant to a space environment, analyzing gene expression with microarrays, isolating genes, disrupting genes, and performing functional analysis. Arabidopsis and moss are proposed as model systems. Future work includes generating gene knockouts in moss, introducing additional environmental conditions, and adapting the architecture for space flight.
This document discusses optimal tiling algorithms for selecting genomic DNA fragments for applications such as microarray design and homology searching. It defines several tiling problems involving finding the maximum weighted set of tiles (sequence fragments) within certain size bounds from a given genomic sequence. Typical parameter values are provided for applications involving sequencing lengths up to 3.4GB, tile sizes from 200bp to 1.5kb, and allowing overlaps of up to 100bp for homology searching. Efficient algorithms are sought with linear or near-linear runtimes to solve these tiling problems.
Next Generation Sequencing Informatics - Challenges and OpportunitiesChung-Tsai Su
Genetic data is the foundation of precision medicine. Next Generation Sequencing(NGS) enable us to get our whole genome data in affordable cost. How to process huge amount of NGS data effectively ?
Mathew Nordland is a senior at Purdue University studying biochemistry. He has worked as a research assistant since 2015 under Dr. Jody Banks investigating epigenetic gene silencing using techniques like PCR, qPCR, and CRISPR/Cas9. His research has focused on cloning RNAi constructs, assessing differential gene expression, and elucidating the chemical structure of a pheromone in the Ceratopteris sex determination pathway. Upon graduation in 2018, he plans to co-author two publications on his research regarding RNAi-mediated gene silencing and the structural elucidation of a target pheromone.
As increasing numbers of people choose to have their genomes sequenced and made available for research, more genomic data is available for analysis by machine learning approaches. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are known to be a major factor influencing many physical traits, diseases and other phenotypes. Using publicly available data and tools we predict phenotype from genotype using SNP data (1 to 2 million SNPs). We utilize data analysis and machine learning approaches only, no domain knowledge, so that our automated approach may be generally used to predict different phenotypes from genotype. In the first application of our method we predicted eye color with 87% accuracy.
Analytical Study of Hexapod miRNAs using Phylogenetic Methodscscpconf
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression.
Identification of total number of miRNAs even in completely sequenced organisms is still an
open problem. However, researchers have been using techniques that can predict limited
number of miRNA in an organism. In this paper, we have used homology based approach for
comparative analysis of miRNA of hexapoda group .We have used Apis mellifera, Bombyx
mori, Anopholes gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster miRNA datasets from miRBase
repository. We have done pair wise as well as multiple alignments for the available miRNAs in
the repository to identify and analyse conserved regions among related species. Unfortunately,
to the best of our knowledge, miRNA related literature does not provide in depth analysis of
hexapods. We have made an attempt to derive the commonality among the miRNAs and to
identify the conserved regions which are still not available in miRNA repositories. The results
are good approximation with a small number of mismatches. However, they are encouraging and may facilitate miRNA biogenesis for hexapods.
Towards semantic systems chemical biology Bin Chen
introduce a semantic framework for studying systems chemical biology / systems pharmacology, in which three major projects (Chem2Bio2RDF, Chem2Bio2OWL, SLAP (semantic link association prediction) are covered.
Genome annotation, NGS sequence data, decoding sequence information, The genome contains all the biological information required to build and maintain any given living organism.
STRING - Prediction of a functional association network for the yeast mitocho...Lars Juhl Jensen
The document discusses predicting functional associations between proteins in the yeast mitochondrial system using the STRING database. It summarizes how STRING integrates genomic context, experimental data, and evidence from other species to infer functional links. It then describes applying these methods to predict mitochondrial proteins in yeast and build an association network for the yeast mitochondrial system, identifying functional modules within it.
Data analysis & integration challenges in genomicsmikaelhuss
Presentation given at the Genomics Today and Tomorrow event in Uppsala, Sweden, 19 March 2015. (http://connectuppsala.se/events/genomics-today-and-tomorrow/) Topics include APIs, "querying by data set", machine learning.
This document discusses various topics related to drug discovery through bioinformatics. It begins by describing how genome-wide RNAi screening in the nematode C. elegans can be used to identify genes involved in biological pathways related to diseases like type-2 diabetes. It then discusses topics like structural genomics, target identification and validation, high-throughput screening approaches and facilities, sources for screening libraries, criteria for hit and lead compounds, and computational methods used in hit identification and optimization like pharmacophore modeling and evaluating compounds against the "rule of five". Descriptors that can be used for characterizing compounds are also listed.
A systematic approach to Genotype-Phenotype correlationsfisherp
It is increasingly common to combine Microarray and Quantitative Trait Loci data to aid the search for candidate genes responsible for phenotypic variation. Workflows provide a means of systematically processing these large datasets and also represent a framework for the re-use and the explicit declaration of experimental methods. Here we highlight the issues facing the manual analysis of microarray and QTL data for the discovery of candidate genes underlying complex phenotypes. We show how automated approaches provide a systematic means to investigate genotype-phenotype correlations. This methodology was applied to a use case of resistance to African trypanosomiasis in the mouse. Pathways represented in the results identified Daxx as one of the candidate genes within the Tir1 QTL region.
Three groups annotated the genome of Mycoplasma genitalium and found inconsistencies in their annotations. Of the 468 genes, 318 were annotated consistently by all three groups but 45 had conflicting annotations. Errors likely arose from insufficient sequence similarity to determine homology accurately or incorrectly inferring function based on homology alone. Database curation is needed to prevent propagation of erroneous annotations.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Luke Hickey of Pacific Biosciences on human genome sequencing using PacBio systems. It discusses PacBio sequencing technology developments, sequencing and assembly of the NA12878 genome, and the role of the NIST Genome in a Bottle (GIAB) reference materials. Specifically, it notes that PacBio sequenced the GIAB Ashkenazim trio genomes to high coverage and made the data publicly available. The sequencing and assembly of these genomes helps validate and improve PacBio sequencing technologies and supports the development and release of the trio as new NIST reference materials.
The document summarizes new services offered by the Genomics and Epigenomics Shared Resource (GESR) at Georgetown, including quantitative DNA methylation analysis, custom SNP genotyping, microarray analysis of SNPs, copy number variation and gene expression, and microRNA profiling. It provides contact information for directors and staff of GESR.
The document discusses functional annotation of differentially expressed genes using various bioinformatics tools. It describes using g:Profiler and DAVID to identify gene ontology terms enriched in differentially expressed genes. Specific steps are outlined, including uploading gene lists to the tools, selecting appropriate organisms, downloading results tables containing significantly enriched terms and associated genes. Functional networks can also be generated using the ClueGO app in Cytoscape. The purpose is to understand the biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components that may be perturbed based on changes in gene expression.
This document describes the CarrAgheen Molecular Marker Database (CaMM-Db), a comprehensive database of molecular markers for the red seaweed Chondrus crispus (carragheen). The database contains over 18,000 microsatellites and 12,000 SNPs identified from carragheen genomic sequences. CaMM-Db provides information on different microsatellite types and properties. It also integrates with primer design software to facilitate wet lab experiments. As the first database of its kind for carragheen, CaMM-Db is expected to be a valuable resource for genetic research on carragheen and other red seaweeds.
The document provides information about various bioinformatics tools for DNA sequence analysis. It describes tools for finding protein coding regions like GeneMark and GENSCAN. It discusses tools for predicting promoters like SoftBerry Promoter and Promoter 2.0. It outlines how Tandem Repeat Finder can detect tandem repeats and how RepeatMasker can mask interspersed repeats in a sequence. It also discusses UTRScan for finding UTR locations and CpG Islands for detecting CpG islands. For each tool, it provides the procedure and interpretation of sample results.
This document discusses bioinformatics and biology at various levels of organization. It begins by explaining that biology is extremely complex due to the hierarchical organization of life, from molecules to ecosystems. It then provides definitions of bioinformatics from Wikipedia and other sources, emphasizing that it is an interdisciplinary field that uses computer science and other approaches to study vast amounts of biological data. Examples of different types of biological data and areas of bioinformatics research are given, such as sequence analysis, databases, and structural bioinformatics. Overall, the document provides a high-level introduction to bioinformatics and its role in understanding biology.
RNASeq DE methods review Applied Bioinformatics Journal ClubJennifer Shelton
This document summarizes a journal club discussion on comparing commonly used differential expression software packages using two benchmark datasets. It describes the focus of comparing normalization methods, sensitivity and specificity of differential expression detection, and the impact of sequencing depth and replication. The document then provides details on the normalization and statistical modeling approaches used by different packages, including DESeq, edgeR, Cuffdiff, baySeq, PoissonSeq and limma. It concludes by outlining the results presented on normalization performance, differential expression analysis, and how factors like replication and sequencing depth influence detection of differentially expressed genes.
Single cell RNA-seq was performed on 18 mouse bone marrow dendritic cells. 982 genes were found to be differentially expressed between two cells, while the majority of genes showed similar expression levels. Future work will analyze the functions of differentially expressed genes to better understand heterogeneity between cells and potential roles in disease.
This document provides a summary of a seminar on comparative genomics techniques. It discusses three levels of genome research: structural genomics, functional genomics, and comparative genomics. Comparative genomics involves analyzing and comparing different genomes to study gene content, function, organization, and evolution. Techniques discussed include genome sequencing, mapping, and bioinformatics tools. The document also outlines what can be compared between genomes and how comparative genomics has provided insights into evolution and gene function.
Promise Seen in Antisense Medicine and Neutralizing Harmful GenesGatewayAvenue
By Marilyn Chase
Illustration by Michael Reingold
August 22, 1988
Article includes, in order mentioned:
Thomas Rogers, Monsanto scientist
Michael L Riordan, the founder and CEO of Gilead Sciences
Samuel Broder, National Cancer Institute associate director
Claude Helene, scientist at France’s National Institute for Health and Medical Research
Paul Miller, Johns Hopkins professor
Laure Aurelian, University of Maryland professor
Jack Cohen, National Cancer Institute scientist
Makoto Matsukura, National Cancer Institute scientist
Len Neckers, National Cancer Institute scientist
Peter Dervan, California Institute of Technology professor
Douglas Melton, Harvard professor
Hal Weintraub, Hutchinson Cancer Research Center principal scientist
This document discusses gender and diversity considerations in humanitarian responses. It notes that women often make up a majority of refugees and internally displaced people. They face high risks of sexual violence, exploitation, and lack of access to medical care. Women can also be targeted specifically due to their gender, such as through escalated violence or as part of ethnic cleansing campaigns. The economic impacts on women include loss of property and forced labor. The document then outlines seven principles of humanitarian assistance: humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntary service, unity and universality. It introduces the concepts of dignity, access, participation and safety (DAPS) as fundamental to ensuring protection for all people affected by crises.
The document discusses photo choices for magazine covers. It describes selecting a close-up portrait of the cover model Chris wearing everyday clothes to appeal to college students. The photo has simple lighting and expression to avoid negatively judging Chris before reading. A second photo of two girls gardening was chosen to represent that activity stereotypically associated with females. Their varied costumes and hairstyles show that anyone can enjoy gardening. The third photo depicts a boy participating in sports with specialist gear as stereotypically a male activity. It shows the full-body of the model leaning on a fence in a relaxed mood at the sports location.
As increasing numbers of people choose to have their genomes sequenced and made available for research, more genomic data is available for analysis by machine learning approaches. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are known to be a major factor influencing many physical traits, diseases and other phenotypes. Using publicly available data and tools we predict phenotype from genotype using SNP data (1 to 2 million SNPs). We utilize data analysis and machine learning approaches only, no domain knowledge, so that our automated approach may be generally used to predict different phenotypes from genotype. In the first application of our method we predicted eye color with 87% accuracy.
Analytical Study of Hexapod miRNAs using Phylogenetic Methodscscpconf
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression.
Identification of total number of miRNAs even in completely sequenced organisms is still an
open problem. However, researchers have been using techniques that can predict limited
number of miRNA in an organism. In this paper, we have used homology based approach for
comparative analysis of miRNA of hexapoda group .We have used Apis mellifera, Bombyx
mori, Anopholes gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster miRNA datasets from miRBase
repository. We have done pair wise as well as multiple alignments for the available miRNAs in
the repository to identify and analyse conserved regions among related species. Unfortunately,
to the best of our knowledge, miRNA related literature does not provide in depth analysis of
hexapods. We have made an attempt to derive the commonality among the miRNAs and to
identify the conserved regions which are still not available in miRNA repositories. The results
are good approximation with a small number of mismatches. However, they are encouraging and may facilitate miRNA biogenesis for hexapods.
Towards semantic systems chemical biology Bin Chen
introduce a semantic framework for studying systems chemical biology / systems pharmacology, in which three major projects (Chem2Bio2RDF, Chem2Bio2OWL, SLAP (semantic link association prediction) are covered.
Genome annotation, NGS sequence data, decoding sequence information, The genome contains all the biological information required to build and maintain any given living organism.
STRING - Prediction of a functional association network for the yeast mitocho...Lars Juhl Jensen
The document discusses predicting functional associations between proteins in the yeast mitochondrial system using the STRING database. It summarizes how STRING integrates genomic context, experimental data, and evidence from other species to infer functional links. It then describes applying these methods to predict mitochondrial proteins in yeast and build an association network for the yeast mitochondrial system, identifying functional modules within it.
Data analysis & integration challenges in genomicsmikaelhuss
Presentation given at the Genomics Today and Tomorrow event in Uppsala, Sweden, 19 March 2015. (http://connectuppsala.se/events/genomics-today-and-tomorrow/) Topics include APIs, "querying by data set", machine learning.
This document discusses various topics related to drug discovery through bioinformatics. It begins by describing how genome-wide RNAi screening in the nematode C. elegans can be used to identify genes involved in biological pathways related to diseases like type-2 diabetes. It then discusses topics like structural genomics, target identification and validation, high-throughput screening approaches and facilities, sources for screening libraries, criteria for hit and lead compounds, and computational methods used in hit identification and optimization like pharmacophore modeling and evaluating compounds against the "rule of five". Descriptors that can be used for characterizing compounds are also listed.
A systematic approach to Genotype-Phenotype correlationsfisherp
It is increasingly common to combine Microarray and Quantitative Trait Loci data to aid the search for candidate genes responsible for phenotypic variation. Workflows provide a means of systematically processing these large datasets and also represent a framework for the re-use and the explicit declaration of experimental methods. Here we highlight the issues facing the manual analysis of microarray and QTL data for the discovery of candidate genes underlying complex phenotypes. We show how automated approaches provide a systematic means to investigate genotype-phenotype correlations. This methodology was applied to a use case of resistance to African trypanosomiasis in the mouse. Pathways represented in the results identified Daxx as one of the candidate genes within the Tir1 QTL region.
Three groups annotated the genome of Mycoplasma genitalium and found inconsistencies in their annotations. Of the 468 genes, 318 were annotated consistently by all three groups but 45 had conflicting annotations. Errors likely arose from insufficient sequence similarity to determine homology accurately or incorrectly inferring function based on homology alone. Database curation is needed to prevent propagation of erroneous annotations.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Luke Hickey of Pacific Biosciences on human genome sequencing using PacBio systems. It discusses PacBio sequencing technology developments, sequencing and assembly of the NA12878 genome, and the role of the NIST Genome in a Bottle (GIAB) reference materials. Specifically, it notes that PacBio sequenced the GIAB Ashkenazim trio genomes to high coverage and made the data publicly available. The sequencing and assembly of these genomes helps validate and improve PacBio sequencing technologies and supports the development and release of the trio as new NIST reference materials.
The document summarizes new services offered by the Genomics and Epigenomics Shared Resource (GESR) at Georgetown, including quantitative DNA methylation analysis, custom SNP genotyping, microarray analysis of SNPs, copy number variation and gene expression, and microRNA profiling. It provides contact information for directors and staff of GESR.
The document discusses functional annotation of differentially expressed genes using various bioinformatics tools. It describes using g:Profiler and DAVID to identify gene ontology terms enriched in differentially expressed genes. Specific steps are outlined, including uploading gene lists to the tools, selecting appropriate organisms, downloading results tables containing significantly enriched terms and associated genes. Functional networks can also be generated using the ClueGO app in Cytoscape. The purpose is to understand the biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components that may be perturbed based on changes in gene expression.
This document describes the CarrAgheen Molecular Marker Database (CaMM-Db), a comprehensive database of molecular markers for the red seaweed Chondrus crispus (carragheen). The database contains over 18,000 microsatellites and 12,000 SNPs identified from carragheen genomic sequences. CaMM-Db provides information on different microsatellite types and properties. It also integrates with primer design software to facilitate wet lab experiments. As the first database of its kind for carragheen, CaMM-Db is expected to be a valuable resource for genetic research on carragheen and other red seaweeds.
The document provides information about various bioinformatics tools for DNA sequence analysis. It describes tools for finding protein coding regions like GeneMark and GENSCAN. It discusses tools for predicting promoters like SoftBerry Promoter and Promoter 2.0. It outlines how Tandem Repeat Finder can detect tandem repeats and how RepeatMasker can mask interspersed repeats in a sequence. It also discusses UTRScan for finding UTR locations and CpG Islands for detecting CpG islands. For each tool, it provides the procedure and interpretation of sample results.
This document discusses bioinformatics and biology at various levels of organization. It begins by explaining that biology is extremely complex due to the hierarchical organization of life, from molecules to ecosystems. It then provides definitions of bioinformatics from Wikipedia and other sources, emphasizing that it is an interdisciplinary field that uses computer science and other approaches to study vast amounts of biological data. Examples of different types of biological data and areas of bioinformatics research are given, such as sequence analysis, databases, and structural bioinformatics. Overall, the document provides a high-level introduction to bioinformatics and its role in understanding biology.
RNASeq DE methods review Applied Bioinformatics Journal ClubJennifer Shelton
This document summarizes a journal club discussion on comparing commonly used differential expression software packages using two benchmark datasets. It describes the focus of comparing normalization methods, sensitivity and specificity of differential expression detection, and the impact of sequencing depth and replication. The document then provides details on the normalization and statistical modeling approaches used by different packages, including DESeq, edgeR, Cuffdiff, baySeq, PoissonSeq and limma. It concludes by outlining the results presented on normalization performance, differential expression analysis, and how factors like replication and sequencing depth influence detection of differentially expressed genes.
Single cell RNA-seq was performed on 18 mouse bone marrow dendritic cells. 982 genes were found to be differentially expressed between two cells, while the majority of genes showed similar expression levels. Future work will analyze the functions of differentially expressed genes to better understand heterogeneity between cells and potential roles in disease.
This document provides a summary of a seminar on comparative genomics techniques. It discusses three levels of genome research: structural genomics, functional genomics, and comparative genomics. Comparative genomics involves analyzing and comparing different genomes to study gene content, function, organization, and evolution. Techniques discussed include genome sequencing, mapping, and bioinformatics tools. The document also outlines what can be compared between genomes and how comparative genomics has provided insights into evolution and gene function.
Promise Seen in Antisense Medicine and Neutralizing Harmful GenesGatewayAvenue
By Marilyn Chase
Illustration by Michael Reingold
August 22, 1988
Article includes, in order mentioned:
Thomas Rogers, Monsanto scientist
Michael L Riordan, the founder and CEO of Gilead Sciences
Samuel Broder, National Cancer Institute associate director
Claude Helene, scientist at France’s National Institute for Health and Medical Research
Paul Miller, Johns Hopkins professor
Laure Aurelian, University of Maryland professor
Jack Cohen, National Cancer Institute scientist
Makoto Matsukura, National Cancer Institute scientist
Len Neckers, National Cancer Institute scientist
Peter Dervan, California Institute of Technology professor
Douglas Melton, Harvard professor
Hal Weintraub, Hutchinson Cancer Research Center principal scientist
This document discusses gender and diversity considerations in humanitarian responses. It notes that women often make up a majority of refugees and internally displaced people. They face high risks of sexual violence, exploitation, and lack of access to medical care. Women can also be targeted specifically due to their gender, such as through escalated violence or as part of ethnic cleansing campaigns. The economic impacts on women include loss of property and forced labor. The document then outlines seven principles of humanitarian assistance: humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntary service, unity and universality. It introduces the concepts of dignity, access, participation and safety (DAPS) as fundamental to ensuring protection for all people affected by crises.
The document discusses photo choices for magazine covers. It describes selecting a close-up portrait of the cover model Chris wearing everyday clothes to appeal to college students. The photo has simple lighting and expression to avoid negatively judging Chris before reading. A second photo of two girls gardening was chosen to represent that activity stereotypically associated with females. Their varied costumes and hairstyles show that anyone can enjoy gardening. The third photo depicts a boy participating in sports with specialist gear as stereotypically a male activity. It shows the full-body of the model leaning on a fence in a relaxed mood at the sports location.
Omowo Damilola Samuel is a 24-year-old Client Relationship Officer with Royal Exchange General Insurance Company Plc. He has over 5 years of work experience in insurance, teaching, and industrial training. He holds a B.Sc in Chemical Engineering from Obafemi Awolowo University and various certificates in drilling, petroleum engineering, and health and safety management. His skills include computer applications, analytical abilities, teamwork, communication, and time management.
This document provides instructions for generating connection reports from a game to send to customer support. It instructs the user to pause their game, go to the advance menu and data logs, copy and paste the log to a text file, generate a traceroute report, include their name, location, ISP, and connection settings in a support ticket, and reconnect to auto-select a server and provide that information.
Enjoy Upto 50% Discounts on all computer training coursesCMS Computer
CMS Computer Training Center is offering up to 50% discounts on all IT training courses during a festival. With 18 years of experience, CMS has trained thousands of students in technical, soft, and job-essential skills and placed them in top firms. CMS provides training and certification in programs like CATIA, Creo, Oracle DBA, Java, Microsoft technologies and more. Courses are offered in regular, weekend, fast track and virtual formats. Students will receive certificates upon completion and discounts on international exams.
Find out insulation mica tape, cable mica tape, synthetic mica tape, fireproof mica tape at Shenglongpan in China, professional manufacturers of Mica Tape.
Do you want to know more about Tumblr and use it for business? Claudia Qiu
This power point focus on Tumblr's basic questions. What is Tumblr? How to use it? Why organizations need to use it for business reasons? Hope you could find answer here.
You can choose from various varieties of eatables available at The Hippodrome including starters, USDA Prime steaks, Desserts, Cocktails, Champagnes, Cocktails, White wines, Rose wines, red wines, spirits, sherry, beer, cider, Juices and other soft drinks etc.
This document proposes an Android-based software to provide information to pregnant women and new mothers, especially in rural and coastal areas, about proper diet, nutrition, and medicines during pregnancy and postpartum. The goals are to decrease maternal, newborn, and infant mortality rates. Statistics show high mortality rates, which are often due to anemia, malnutrition, and premature/underweight births. The proposed software would be in Bengali with audio instructions and contain basic pregnancy information, recommended/avoided foods, essential/contradicted medicines, nearby medical facilities, and emergency contacts. It aims to partner with NGOs to distribute the software to its target users.
El documento presenta una actualización de SUA 3.4.5 por parte de L.C. Marco Antonio Martínez Gómez, quien es contador en varias instituciones educativas. El documento no proporciona más detalles sobre la actualización del SUA.
This document discusses social institutions related to kinship, marriage, and family. It defines key terms like family, household, nuclear family, and extended family. It describes different forms of families according to membership and residence patterns. It also discusses regulating sexual relations through laws and marriage, as well as forms of marriage like monogamy, polygamy, and exogamy versus endogamy. Kinship networks and descent groups are also covered.
Jason C. Poole has 17 years of experience as a molecular biologist developing novel molecular and genetic assays. He has a PhD in molecular genetics and most recently worked at EMD Millipore developing qPCR and next generation sequencing assays that were commercialized. He is seeking a senior scientist or project leader position and has strong skills in areas like qPCR, sequencing, cloning, and assay development.
1. The document discusses the author's computational and bioinformatics experience, including developing a web interface for the T-Lex tool to generate and analyze Drosophila data, analyzing p53 gene expression in embryonic stem cells using various tools, and identifying potential drug targets in pathogens.
2. Projects involved large-scale microarray and ChIP-seq data analysis to study p53 expression and target genes in stem cell populations, assembly of short sequencing reads from E. coli and modeling of a Trypanosoma protein to identify potential anti-parasitic drug targets.
3. The author also developed tools for reverse complement sequences and created a database of predicted protein structures.
Waksman Student Scholars Program PosterWesley Kwong
The document describes an experiment to sequence the DNA of the duckweed plant Landoltia punctata and analyze the protein encoded. Researchers used PCR to amplify duckweed DNA inserted into bacteria. Restriction digest isolated the duckweed DNA, which was sequenced. Analysis identified the protein as Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), which regulates cellular responses to stimuli and contains conserved domains. The 3D structure of this protein is similar to the human MAPK protein, indicating an evolutionary advantage across kingdoms.
The document introduces bioinformatics and discusses its goals and applications. Bioinformatics involves using computational tools and databases to analyze and understand biological data like DNA, RNA, and proteins. It has two main subfields - developing computational tools and databases, and applying these tools to generate biological knowledge and insights into living systems. Bioinformatics aims to better understand cells at the molecular level and how they function. It has applications in areas like drug design, forensics, agriculture, and medicine.
Joseph Granger one page resume times new romanJoseph Granger
Joseph B. Granger has extensive education and experience in biochemistry. He received his M.S. in Biochemistry from Dartmouth College where he developed nanoparticles to inhibit ACAT1 in the CNS. As a Ph.D. candidate at Dartmouth, he produced peptide-tagged liposomes and micelles to deliver therapeutics to treat Alzheimer's disease models. He has proficiency in various laboratory techniques and software programs. Granger has experience teaching biochemistry and conducting undergraduate research investigating the structure-function relationship of a bacterial regulator protein.
Dhruv Patel is a research associate with expertise in molecular and cellular biology techniques including cloning, PCR, transfection and cell-based assays. He has work experience in pharmaceutical companies conducting discovery research to identify new drug targets. His education includes a M.S. in biological sciences and B.S. in pharmaceutical sciences. He is highly skilled in laboratory techniques and able to work independently or collaborate with others.
SNOMED CT concept model for molecular pathology_final.pptxHariHaran685388
This document discusses the need for standardized terminology to represent observational data in molecular genetics and precision medicine. It outlines challenges in representing genetic and molecular pathology findings in existing clinical terminologies like SNOMED CT and LOINC. The document proposes a harmonized concept model between SNOMED CT and LOINC for observable entities to address these challenges. It describes work at UNMC to apply this model to structured encoding of cancer pathology reports, incorporating genetic and molecular data. The goal is to develop terminology that enables clinical decision support and research by integrating genetic and molecular research findings with clinical concept models.
The document provides an overview of the Human Genome Project (HGP). It describes the HGP's goal of mapping and sequencing the entire human genome. The HGP was an international research effort that worked alongside a private company, Celera Genomics, to complete a rough draft of the human genome by 2000. The completion of the HGP marked a major scientific achievement and has transformed fields like medicine, biotechnology, and genetics by providing a comprehensive map of the human genetic code.
This document provides a summary of Aaron M Bender's background and experience. It includes his contact information, educational background which includes a PhD in Molecular Biology from the University of Wyoming, and extensive research experience including positions at ArcherDX, the University of Kansas Molecular Probes Core Laboratory, the University of Kansas, and the Mayo Clinic where he conducted research in areas such as cancer genetics, chemical biology, next generation sequencing, and the use of model organisms like C. elegans. He has over 15 publications in peer-reviewed journals.
Epigenetics is the study of gene expression and suppression, and how these phenomena affect genetic and other biological processes without changing DNA sequences. Methylation, one form of epigenetic inheritance, is the process of attaching a methyl group to cytosine in DNA, which can silence genes. Researchers have established databases like MethDB to organize DNA methylation data from experiments and make it available for analysis and comparison. Tools are also available to visualize methylation patterns and profiles in genomic sequences.
DNA probes and PCR technology are used to rapidly identify microorganisms by amplifying copies of their DNA or RNA. The amplified DNA can then be detected and quantified to assess how many microorganisms are present and monitor responses to treatment. DNA technology can also break the cycle of disease in nature by intervening in parasites' life cycles. DNA barcoding uses a short, unique DNA sequence to identify species, including establishing new species. It supplements traditional taxonomy. Recovering DNA from fossils through PCR amplification allows comparison to present DNA, determining relationships and identifying ancestors. Tracking human mtDNA and Y chromosomes shows all people originated from an African ancestor. Cloning extinct animals could disrupt nature but may be acceptable for those driven extinct by humans to preserve
Stephen Friend Koo Foundation / Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center 2012-03-12Sage Base
The document discusses moving beyond linear investigations in science and how we work by integrating layers of omics data models and building computational spaces capable of enabling models to be evolved by teams. It was presented by Stephen Friend of Sage Bionetworks on March 12, 2012 to the Koo Foundation and Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center.
This document discusses the use of bioinformatics tools to analyze gene expression data and detect tumors and mutations in tissues. It summarizes the PhyloMap technique, which integrates principal coordinate analysis, vector quantization, and phylogenetic tree construction to provide improved visualization of large genomic data sets. PhyloMap allows researchers to better analyze and predict evolutionary relationships among influenza A virus genes. The document concludes that PhyloMap is an efficient algorithm for analyzing phylogenetic relationships in large genomic data compared to other techniques.
1) Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has evolved due to widespread antibiotic use, necessitating new methods to identify drug targets.
2) The researchers developed a method called CLK-seq that uses microfluidics to crosslink and sequence protein-DNA interactions over time in bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae exposed to ciprofloxacin.
3) CLK-seq can determine both the binding locations and kinetics of transcription factor interactions with DNA, allowing identification of gene regulatory sites for antibiotic resistance as potential drug targets.
This document provides an overview of bioinformatics. It begins by explaining how bioinformatics emerged from the need to analyze vast amounts of genetic sequence data produced by projects like the Human Genome Project. It then defines bioinformatics as the field that develops tools and methods for understanding biological data by combining computer science, statistics, and other disciplines. The document outlines several goals and applications of bioinformatics, such as identifying genes and their functions, modeling protein structures, comparing genomes, and its uses in medicine, microbial research, and more. It also provides a brief history of important developments in bioinformatics and DNA sequencing.
This year's 3rd Annual TCGC: The Clinical Genome Conference, held June 10-12, 2014 in San Francisco, is a three-day event that weaves together the science of sequencing and the business of implementing genomics in the clinic. It uniquely illustrates the mutual influence of those areas and the need to therefore consider the needs, challenges and opportunities of both - from next-generation sequencing and variant interpretation to insurance reimbursement and electronic health records - throughout the entire research process.Learn more at http://www.clinicalgenomeconference.com
1) The study examined gene expression in primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) cells cultured on soft polyacrylamide (PAA) hydrogel plates, which mimic brain tissue elasticity, versus standard polystyrene (PS) plates.
2) Microarray analysis found more genes were downregulated in PNET cells grown on PAA compared to PS, suggesting the soft tissue-like elasticity influences gene expression.
3) Bioinformatic analysis predicted increased microRNA (miRNA) binding sites in the downregulated genes on PAA, supporting the hypothesis that tissue elasticity regulates miRNA expression, which in turn impacts gene expression.
1) The study cultured primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) stem cells on soft polyacrylamide hydrogel plates that mimic brain tissue elasticity and compared gene expression to cells cultured on standard polystyrene plates.
2) Microarray analysis found more genes were downregulated on the soft hydrogel plates, suggesting tissue elasticity influences microRNA expression and gene silencing.
3) Bioinformatic analysis identified specific microRNA binding sites enriched on the soft plates, supporting the hypothesis that tissue elasticity regulates microRNA expression and downstream gene expression.
Abstract book for the following conferences:
2013 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Science (ICBBS 2013)
2013 2nd International Conference on Environment, Energy and Biotechnology (ICEEB 2013)
2013 2nd International Conference on Chemical and Process Engineering (ICCPE 2013)
2013 2nd Journal Conference on Environmental Science and Development (JCESD 20132nd)
The conferences was held at Concorde Inn Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Malaysia on 09 June 2013
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 20 of an AP Biology textbook. It discusses several topics:
1) Genomics is the study of genomes and how they are organized and regulated. Genome sequences provide insights into fundamental biological questions.
2) Computer analysis can identify protein-coding genes in DNA sequences by looking for start/stop signals and other features. With 25,000 genes in humans, this analysis is a huge undertaking without technology.
3) Genome sizes vary greatly between organisms, but size does not always correlate with complexity. Some plants have genomes much larger than humans despite fewer genes.
1. Amanda Myers
Cell: (937) 232-8023
1861A Brattleboro Ct
Kettering, OH, 45440
myers.k.amanda@gmail.com
CAREER STATEMENT
I intend to be strategically indispensable while developing new skills and completing meaningful
research in areas such as genetics, bioinformatics, and human health.
TECHNICAL EXPERTISE
Specialized Skills
Chemical hazard identification
Substance risk assessment
Technical report review
Study quality determination
Creation of toxicological profiles
Review of chemical read-across
Comprehensive chemical evaluations
Office & Software Skills
Client confidentiality
Local and international coordination
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft PowerPoint
Microsoft Outlook
OECD QSAR Toolbox
Minitab (Statistical Program)
Cn3D (3D protein viewing software)
Vector NTI (plasmid design software)
Adobe Professional (PDF software)
NCBI BLAST (Protein/neucleotide comparison tool)
NCBI Neucleotide (Gene sequence database)
Laboratory Skills
Gel electrophoresis (agarose, PAGE)
DNA and RNA extraction
Western blot analysis
Northern blot analysis
Southern blot analysis
Stock solution preparation
PCR
Primer design
Mammalian cell transfection
2. Light microscope use
Site-directed mutagenesis
Cell counting
Primary explants
Chloroform extraction
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
Jul. 2012 – Present Advanced Testing Laboratory
Thorough human risk assessments of product and raw material formulations
Generation of complete toxicological profiles on specific compounds
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Modeling
Local and international correspondence and coordination for issue resolution
Handling of proprietary client information while maintaining confidentiality
Database update
On-boarding new employees
EDUCATION
Aug. 2008 – May 2012 Ball State University, Muncie, IN
BS Biology (Genetics Concentration)
BS minor, Chemistry
Biotechnology Certificate
GPA: 3.474/4.000
RESEARCH AND PROJECT EXPERIENCE
Aug. 2014 — Present Employee On-Boarding Revamp, Advanced Testing
Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH
Leads: Amanda Myers and Amanda Dysert
Purpose: This project seeks to develop an immersive on-boarding process which
balances the desired efficiency with the large volume of technical knowledge learned.
Description: Due to a recent shift in the complexity of client needs, the technical
knowledge required by contractor employees has greatly increased. Because many new
employees do not have a background in toxicology, an efficient yet thorough education in
human toxicology is essential during the on-boarding process. A small team has been
charged with re-structuring the on-boarding process from a series of disjointed,
overwhelming presentations into an interactive learning experience which creates
confidence. I have created or re-designed some presentations, including topics such as
risk assessment and an introduction to the position. Within the context of the group, I
have given input and made changes to multiple other trainings, discussing core concepts
as well as internal client databases and systems. Additionally, the group has developed a
series of exercises which build on one another to produce hazard assessments, risk
assessments, and mock client requests.
Dec. 2010 — May 2012 Database Design Project, Ball State University, Muncie, IN
3. Adviser: Dr. C. Ann Blakey.
Purpose: The end product of this project is the creation of the Breeds of Rare &
Endangered Database System (BREEDS), which will allow breeders to make informed
decisions for the breeding of endangered horses and ponies.
Description: Rare and endangered breeds often suffer from substantial levels of
inbreeding. Due to their dwindling numbers and human mis-communication, horses,
ponies, and jackstock can be accidentally bred with relatives or with those in their breed
which share specific detrimental genes. In each case, anomalies such as developmental
disorders, sub-standard offspring, and death and can occur. In order to combat the worst
inbreeding decisions, we seek to create the BREEDatabase System. This system will
incorporate information on specific horse and pony lineages to help reduce familial
matings, as well as provide specific genetic information to breeders so that breed
characteristic phenotypes may be maintained. For my contribution, I designed the entire
initial draft of the system conceptual schema and database schema for a model critically
endangered horse breed. Due to the differing characteristics, population sizes, and
organizations associated with each breed, the database schema will then be optimized for
each breed involved. These schemas are currently assisting the database creators. I also
developed an algorithm for determining and predicting horse coat colors and the
associated genotypes based on physical characteristics and lineage. This algorithm is
rooted in current research on classic and molecular genetics. In addition to these projects,
I directly worked with other team members to strategize and complete component arrays
of data entry including data input approach, categorization, and format changes. All
aspects of this project adhered to the privacy agreements made with those who own or are
responsible for the data used.
Sept. — Dec. 2011 Riboswitch Silencing Project, Ball State University, Muncie, IN
Class: Biochemistry Laboratory Techniques, CHEM 465, Dr. Scott Pattison.
Thesis: The binding affinity of Mutant ykkCD toxin sensor riboswitch will have a low
affinity for tetracycline antibiotics.
Description: Riboswitches are segments of RNA which interact with molecules in the
cell for regulation purposes, such as gene regulation. The bacterial riboswitch ykkCD is
sensitive to the antibiotic tetracycline, and marks it for transport out of the cell. In order
to study the sensitivity of a mutant conformation, site-directed mutagenesis was
performed to delete a cytosine from a riboswitch at a position important to correct
folding. Our primers were designed accordingly. Quikchange PCR was used to generate
the mutant ykkCD. The sample was then propagated using E. coli transfection and
isolation of DNA plasmid, to produce a mutant ykkCD riboswitch. The plasmid was
linearized and isolated via chloroform extraction. Finally, RNA was synthesized from the
linear RNA sequence and segregated from the enzymes using denaturing urea PAGE.
The binding affinity of the resultant mutant riboswitch to tetracycline was assessed to
determine the mutation’s effect.
Oct. — Dec. 2011 Protein Expression Project, Ball State University, Muncie, IN
Class: Protein Isolation and Analysis, BIOT 492, Dr. Susan McDowell.
Thesis: Human gene ACTG1 can be transfected into HEK 293 cells for protein isolation.
4. Description: ACTG1 is one of six genes which code for actin gamma 1, which is
essential in cellular development and survivability in many species. The gene, ACTG1,
was transferred to the destination vector, pDEST26, using LR recombination. The
plasmid was then used to transform E. coli. Replicated plasmid was isolated from
colonies and assessed for orientation. Plasmids of correct orientation were then used in
HEK 293 cell transfection. Total protein from HEK 293 cells were isolated and prepared
for western blot analysis.
Jan. — May 2011 Bioinformatics Project, Ball State University, Muncie, IN
Class: DNA Sequencing and Bioinformatics, BIOT 495, Dr. Susan McDowell.
Thesis: Downregulation in Homogentisate 1,2 Dioxygenase in fibroblast cells is directly
related to breast cancer.
Description: Homogentisate 1,2 dioxygenase (HGD) is the third in a pathway of five
enzymes which metabolize tyrosine into acetoacetate and fumarate. The HGD gene is
highly conserved throughout most living organisms. In a 2010 study, gene expression in
MCF7 beast cancer tumor and CCL171 lung stromal cells with and without insulin
growth factor I (IGF-I) was assessed in duplicate using microarrays. All CCL171 cultures
showed increased expression of HGD, while one MCF7 IGF+ culture showed increased
expression. CCL171 IGF+ cultures had a higher expression than IGF- cultures. Utilizing
NCBI services such as BLAST, the links between HGD and cancer were researched.
Based on the analyses, the expression of HGD is not directly related to cancer in
fibroblast or tumor cells. However, by down-regulating all pathways associated with
tyrosine degradation, tyrosine in its former state may be conserved. An example of such a
state is a receptor tyrosine kinase. For cancerous cells, turning off a pathway which
degrades receptor tyrosine kinases may be beneficial. To verify such a hypothesis,
experiments studying the relationship between tyrosine and cancer as well as experiments
determining the link between receptor tyrosine kinase degradation and tyrosine in the
HGD pathway should be conducted.
Oct. — Dec. 2010 T4 DNA Ligase Cloning Project, Ball State University, Muncie, IN
Class: Introduction to Recombinant DNA and RNA, BIOT 490, Dr. Susan McDowell.
Thesis: Mouse gene Tardbp can be cloned into vector CMV6-A-Puro using a T4 DNA
ligase cloning procedure, then transformed into E. coli.
Description: Tardbp is a gene that can become mutated to cause amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Tardbp codes for a TAR DNA-binding
protein that is responsible for the correct splicing of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane
conductance regulator. Very interested in neural diseases, we chose to clone this gene
with the goal of making it available to our school. Using T4 DNA ligase, we cloned
Tardbp from pCMV6-Kan/Neo into CMV6-A-Puro. The resulting plasmid was
transformed into competent E. coli. Plasmid samples were extracted from colonies.
Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed Tardbp presence in two of four samples. Colonies
containing the gene were frozen for future use.
Aug. — Dec. 2009 Ecology Research Project, Ball State University, Muncie, IN
Class: Methods in Ecology, BIO 217, Dr. David LeBlanc.
5. Thesis: The density of earthworm types at Cooper Farm, Muncie, Indiana, is based on
differing soil compositions.
Description: Earthworms are important to the structure and composition of soil and can
help determine plant communities and nutritional dynamics. Earthworm samples were
obtained from three areas in Cooper Farm: a wet prairie, a comparatively arid prairie, and
a soil type rich in organic matter. For three nights, ten soil blocks (0.17m x 0.17m x
0.17m) were dug in each area. Worms were hand sorted, counted from these plots, and
statistical analysis performed. Mean density of earthworms in the organic site was 15.3 ±
8.51 worms/m2
greater than the mean density of earthworms in the wet prairie and 10.6 ±
8.51 worms/m2
greater than the mean density of earthworms in the arid prairie. Mean
density did not differ between the wet prairie and arid prairie sites. The proportion of
species types and age was not significantly different among the sites tested. These results
suggest that additional organic matter is significantly better for earthworm sustainability.
Jan. — May 2009 Center for Authentic Science Practice in Education (CASPiE)
Program, Ball State University, Muncie, IN
Class: CASPiE Program in General Chemistry II, CHEM 112, Dr. Jason Ribblett.
Thesis: Different beverages contain varying levels of antioxidants based on inhibition
levels of ABTS-+
.
Description: This was an NSF funded grant project to expose exceptional students to
research design and execution in chemistry using antioxidant experiments. Antioxidants
neutralize molecules called oxidants, which damage cells and tissues, ABTS-+
(an
oxidant solution) is commonly used to test the amount of antioxidants in beverages and
foods in the United States. Based on the CASPiE protocol, ABTS-+
was added to the
beverages of our choice. The antioxidant level was determined via spectrophotometry
based on how much ABTS-+
remained in the sample. Amongst V-8 (regular), Welch’s
Grape Juice, Welch’s Apple Juice, Snapple Green Tea, Snapple Lemonade, Capri Sun
Grape, and Capri Sun Orange, the V-8 showed the highest level of antioxidants with the
rest following respectively in the order above. These results suggest that higher levels of
vegetable and fruit content can increase the active antioxidant level in a beverage.
6. Thesis: The density of earthworm types at Cooper Farm, Muncie, Indiana, is based on
differing soil compositions.
Description: Earthworms are important to the structure and composition of soil and can
help determine plant communities and nutritional dynamics. Earthworm samples were
obtained from three areas in Cooper Farm: a wet prairie, a comparatively arid prairie, and
a soil type rich in organic matter. For three nights, ten soil blocks (0.17m x 0.17m x
0.17m) were dug in each area. Worms were hand sorted, counted from these plots, and
statistical analysis performed. Mean density of earthworms in the organic site was 15.3 ±
8.51 worms/m2
greater than the mean density of earthworms in the wet prairie and 10.6 ±
8.51 worms/m2
greater than the mean density of earthworms in the arid prairie. Mean
density did not differ between the wet prairie and arid prairie sites. The proportion of
species types and age was not significantly different among the sites tested. These results
suggest that additional organic matter is significantly better for earthworm sustainability.
Jan. — May 2009 Center for Authentic Science Practice in Education (CASPiE)
Program, Ball State University, Muncie, IN
Class: CASPiE Program in General Chemistry II, CHEM 112, Dr. Jason Ribblett.
Thesis: Different beverages contain varying levels of antioxidants based on inhibition
levels of ABTS-+
.
Description: This was an NSF funded grant project to expose exceptional students to
research design and execution in chemistry using antioxidant experiments. Antioxidants
neutralize molecules called oxidants, which damage cells and tissues, ABTS-+
(an
oxidant solution) is commonly used to test the amount of antioxidants in beverages and
foods in the United States. Based on the CASPiE protocol, ABTS-+
was added to the
beverages of our choice. The antioxidant level was determined via spectrophotometry
based on how much ABTS-+
remained in the sample. Amongst V-8 (regular), Welch’s
Grape Juice, Welch’s Apple Juice, Snapple Green Tea, Snapple Lemonade, Capri Sun
Grape, and Capri Sun Orange, the V-8 showed the highest level of antioxidants with the
rest following respectively in the order above. These results suggest that higher levels of
vegetable and fruit content can increase the active antioxidant level in a beverage.