Dynamics refer to the volume of sound in a musical performance or composition. Dynamics terms are often expressed in Italian and indicate whether the music should be played piano (soft), forte (loud), or somewhere in between. Common dynamics symbols include p for piano, f for forte, pp for pianissimo (very soft), and ff for fortissimo (very loud). Dynamics can also change within a piece through indications like crescendo (gradually getting louder) and decrescendo (gradually getting softer).

1. UNIT IV
DYNAMICS
AND TEMPO
Lesson 14: dynamics

2. What is DYNAMICS?
 The volume of the sound, as well as the style
in which the performer plays the
instrument/music
 It is important to not confuse how loud or soft
something is on a recorded performance. It
is easy to turn up (or down) the volume using
an electronic device.
 Refers to the terms and symbols used to
show the degree of intensity of a musical
composition

3. Dynamics terms are often
expressed in Italian
 Study the table showing some dynamics
terms,symbols and meanigs

4. Dynamics
Term
SYMBOL Meaning
piano p soft
pianissimo pp Very soft
pianissisimo ppp Very,very soft
mezzo piano mp Moderately soft

5. Dynamics
Term
SYMBOL Meaning
forte f loud
fortissimo ff Very loud
fortissisimo fff Very,very loud
mezzo forte mf Moderately loud

6. Dynamics
Term
SYMBOL Meaning
crescendo ˂ From soft gradually
going louder
decrescendo ˃ From loud gradually
going softer
diminuendo dim Gradually decrease of
tone

7. Barnum
 Is a lively and beautiful song from the
broadway barnum

9. Wonderful Copenhagen
 Is a lovely musical piece.

11. Drink to Me Only with Thine
Eyes
 Is an English folk song.