The document defines key terms from the Renaissance era of music such as "Renaissance" meaning rebirth or revival. It discusses genres that were popular during this period like mass which sets liturgical texts to music, and madrigal which was a secular vocal polyphonic form that originated in Italy. Specific composers mentioned are Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, known as the greatest master of Renaissance church music, and Thomas Morley, an English composer known for madrigals and other secular works.