Muscular contraction: Muscle contractions can be described based on two variables: force and length. Force itself can be differentiated as either tension or load. Muscle tension is the force exerted by the muscle on an object whereas a load is the force exerted by an object on the muscle.

1. ekalisf'k;s ladqpu ds izdkj
(Types of Muscular Contraction)
Dr. S. N. Singh
Department of Physical Education
S.D. (P.G.) College, Muzaffarnagar
Dr. S. N. Singh
Department of Physical Education
S.D. (P.G.) College, Muzaffarnagar

2. ek¡lisf'k;ksa ds fØ;k djus ds nkSjku mu ij
ruko (Tention) vFkok mudh yEckbZ (Length)
dh fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij ek¡lisf'k;s ladqpu dks
rhu çdkj ls oxhZÑr fd;k x;k gS tks
fuEufyf[kr gSa -
1. LVsfVd dkWUVªD'ku ;k vkbZlksesfVªd
dkWUVªsD'ku
(Static Contraction or Iso-Metric Contraction)
2. dksulsfUVªd dkWUVªD'ku ;k
vkblksVkWfud dkWUVªsD'ku
(Concentric Contraction or Iso-Tonic Contraction)
ek¡lisf'k;ksa ds fØ;k djus ds nkSjku mu ij
ruko (Tention) vFkok mudh yEckbZ (Length)
dh fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij ek¡lisf'k;s ladqpu dks
rhu çdkj ls oxhZÑr fd;k x;k gS tks
fuEufyf[kr gSa -
1. LVsfVd dkWUVªD'ku ;k vkbZlksesfVªd
dkWUVªsD'ku
(Static Contraction or Iso-Metric Contraction)
2. dksulsfUVªd dkWUVªD'ku ;k
vkblksVkWfud dkWUVªsD'ku
(Concentric Contraction or Iso-Tonic Contraction)

4. 1. LVsfVd dkWUVªD'ku ;k vkbZlksesfVªd
dkWUVªsD'ku (Static Contraction or
Isometric Contraction) - ;g og ek¡lisf'k;s ladqpu
gksrk gS ftlesa fdlh vH;kl ;k fØ;k dks djrs le;
ek¡lis'kh dh yEckbZ uk rks c<+rh gS vkSj uk
gh ?kVrh gS fdUrq ek¡lis'kh ij ruko cuk jgrk
gSA vxj fdlh vH;kl esa ek¡lis'kh dh yEckbZ uk
c<+s vkSj uk gh ?kVs vkSj ruko cuk jgs] ,sls
ladqpu dks ge vkbZlksesfVªd dkWUVªsD'ku
(Isometric Contraction) Hkh dgrs gSaA (Static
Contraction: Tension developed is same as the
encountered resistence and the length of muscle
remains same)
1. LVsfVd dkWUVªD'ku ;k vkbZlksesfVªd
dkWUVªsD'ku (Static Contraction or
Isometric Contraction) - ;g og ek¡lisf'k;s ladqpu
gksrk gS ftlesa fdlh vH;kl ;k fØ;k dks djrs le;
ek¡lis'kh dh yEckbZ uk rks c<+rh gS vkSj uk
gh ?kVrh gS fdUrq ek¡lis'kh ij ruko cuk jgrk
gSA vxj fdlh vH;kl esa ek¡lis'kh dh yEckbZ uk
c<+s vkSj uk gh ?kVs vkSj ruko cuk jgs] ,sls
ladqpu dks ge vkbZlksesfVªd dkWUVªsD'ku
(Isometric Contraction) Hkh dgrs gSaA (Static
Contraction: Tension developed is same as the
encountered resistence and the length of muscle
remains same)

5. vkblkseSfVªd (Iso-metric) uked 'kCn nks
'kCnksa ls feydj cuk gS vkblks (Iso)
vkSj eSfVªd (Metric), vkblks ls rkRi;Z ,d
leku (Same) rFkk eSfVªd (Metric) ls
rkRi;Z eki (Measurement) ls gSA ,slk
ekalisf'k;s ladqpu ftlesa ekalis'kh dh
yEckbZ dh eki ,d leku gks mls
vkbZlksesfVªd dkWUVªsD'ku (Isometric
Contraction) dgsaxsA
mnkgj.k ds fy, & nhokj dks èkDdk
vkblkseSfVªd (Iso-metric) uked 'kCn nks
'kCnksa ls feydj cuk gS vkblks (Iso)
vkSj eSfVªd (Metric), vkblks ls rkRi;Z ,d
leku (Same) rFkk eSfVªd (Metric) ls
rkRi;Z eki (Measurement) ls gSA ,slk
ekalisf'k;s ladqpu ftlesa ekalis'kh dh
yEckbZ dh eki ,d leku gks mls
vkbZlksesfVªd dkWUVªsD'ku (Isometric
Contraction) dgsaxsA
mnkgj.k ds fy, & nhokj dks èkDdk

7. 2. dksulsfUVªd dkWUVªD'ku
(Concentric Contraction or Shortening
Contraction: Tension developed is
greater than resistence and the muscle
shortens) & ;g og ladqpu gksrk gS
ftlesa ek¡lis'kh dh yEckbZ ?kVrh
gS vkSj ruko cuk jgrk gSA blh
dks ge dksulsfUVªd
dkWUVªD'ku dgrs gSA bl ladqpu
dks vkblksVkWfud
dkWUVªsD'ku (Isotonic Contraction)
ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
2. dksulsfUVªd dkWUVªD'ku
(Concentric Contraction or Shortening
Contraction: Tension developed is
greater than resistence and the muscle
shortens) & ;g og ladqpu gksrk gS
ftlesa ek¡lis'kh dh yEckbZ ?kVrh
gS vkSj ruko cuk jgrk gSA blh
dks ge dksulsfUVªd
dkWUVªD'ku dgrs gSA bl ladqpu
dks vkblksVkWfud
dkWUVªsD'ku (Isotonic Contraction)
ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA

9. 3- blsfUVªd dkWUVªD'ku (Eccentric Contraction
or Lengthening Contraction: Tension developed is
less than resistence and the muscle attempts to
shorten but is actually lengthen) & ;g og ladqpu
gksrk gS ftlesa ek¡lis'kh dh yEckbZ c<+rh
gS vkSj ek¡lis'kh ij ruko cjkcj cuk jgrk
gSA ;g ladqpu dksulsfUVªd (Concentric)
ladqpu ds foifjr gksrk gS tks ek¡lis'kh
dkWulsfUVªd dkWUVsªD'ku (Concentric
Contraction) dj jgh gks rks mlds foijhr esa
fLFkfr ek¡lis'kh blsfUVªd dkWUVªD'ku
(Eccentric Contraction) djsxhA ;gk¡ vxj
dkWUlsfUVªd (Concentric) ladqpu okyh
ek¡lis'kh vfojks/h ;k vxksfuLV (Agonist) gS
rks blds foijhr fLFkr okyh ek¡lis'kh
blsfUVªd (Eccentric) ladqpu djsxh og
fojksèkh ;k ,aVkxksfuLV (Antagonist)
dgyk;sxhA blh dks ge dksulsfUVªd
3- blsfUVªd dkWUVªD'ku (Eccentric Contraction
or Lengthening Contraction: Tension developed is
less than resistence and the muscle attempts to
shorten but is actually lengthen) & ;g og ladqpu
gksrk gS ftlesa ek¡lis'kh dh yEckbZ c<+rh
gS vkSj ek¡lis'kh ij ruko cjkcj cuk jgrk
gSA ;g ladqpu dksulsfUVªd (Concentric)
ladqpu ds foifjr gksrk gS tks ek¡lis'kh
dkWulsfUVªd dkWUVsªD'ku (Concentric
Contraction) dj jgh gks rks mlds foijhr esa
fLFkfr ek¡lis'kh blsfUVªd dkWUVªD'ku
(Eccentric Contraction) djsxhA ;gk¡ vxj
dkWUlsfUVªd (Concentric) ladqpu okyh
ek¡lis'kh vfojks/h ;k vxksfuLV (Agonist) gS
rks blds foijhr fLFkr okyh ek¡lis'kh
blsfUVªd (Eccentric) ladqpu djsxh og
fojksèkh ;k ,aVkxksfuLV (Antagonist)
dgyk;sxhA blh dks ge dksulsfUVªd

11. vkblksVkWfud dkWUVªD'ku (Isotonic
Contraction), uked 'kCn esa vkblksVkWfud
(Isotonic) 'kCn tqM+k gqvk gS] vkblksVkWfud
nks 'kCnksa ls feydj cuk gS vkblks (Iso) vkSj
VkWfud (Tonic), vkblks (Iso) dk vFkZ ,d leku
(Same) vkSj VkWfud (Tonic) dk vFkZ ruko
(Tension) gksrk gSA ;g og ladqpu gksrk gS
ftlesa ek¡lis'kh dh yEckbZ cM+rh gS ;k ?kVrh
gS] fdUrq ruko cjkcj cuk jgrk gSA blds varxZr
dksulsfUVªd dkWUVªD'ku vkSj blsfUVªd
dkWUVªD'ku nksuksa vkrs gSaA
mnkgj.k ds fy, & MEcYl vH;kl] iqy vIl] iql vIl]
ÝysDl vkeZ gSax vkfnA
vkblksVkWfud dkWUVªD'ku (Isotonic
Contraction), uked 'kCn esa vkblksVkWfud
(Isotonic) 'kCn tqM+k gqvk gS] vkblksVkWfud
nks 'kCnksa ls feydj cuk gS vkblks (Iso) vkSj
VkWfud (Tonic), vkblks (Iso) dk vFkZ ,d leku
(Same) vkSj VkWfud (Tonic) dk vFkZ ruko
(Tension) gksrk gSA ;g og ladqpu gksrk gS
ftlesa ek¡lis'kh dh yEckbZ cM+rh gS ;k ?kVrh
gS] fdUrq ruko cjkcj cuk jgrk gSA blds varxZr
dksulsfUVªd dkWUVªD'ku vkSj blsfUVªd
dkWUVªD'ku nksuksa vkrs gSaA
mnkgj.k ds fy, & MEcYl vH;kl] iqy vIl] iql vIl]
ÝysDl vkeZ gSax vkfnA

13. vkblksdkbusfVd vH;kl (Isokinetic Exercise) &
vkblks&dkbusfVd (Iso-Kinetic) uked 'kCn nks 'kCnksa ls
feydj cuk gS vkblks (Iso) vkSj dkbusfVd (Kinetic), vkblks
(Iso) dk vFkZ ,d leku (Same) vkSj dkbusfVd (Kinetic) dk
vFkZ xfr (Motion)gksrk gSA bl çdkj ds vH;kl esa
ek¡lis'kh dh yEckbZ ?kVrh gS fQj c<+rh gS fQj ek¡lis'kh
dh yEckbZ ?kVrh gS fQj c<+rh gS vkSj ;s Øe pyrk jgrk
gS (cjkcj ;g xfr gksrh jgrh gS) lkFk gh lkFk ek¡lisf'k;ksa
ij cjkcj ruko cuk jgrk gSA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;gka
dksulsfUVªd (Concentric) vkSj blsfUVªd dkWUVªD'ku
(Eccentric Contraction) nksuksa gh ladqpu gksrs gSa
blfy;s ;g vH;kl vkblksVkWfud ladqpu dh Js.kh esa vkrk
gSA blds fy, fo'ks"k çdkj dh e'khuksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk
gS] ftlls fd ekalisf'k;ksa dh yEckbZ ds c<+us vkSj ?
kVus dk Øe pyrk jgs] tSls VªsMehy (Treadmill)] ckblhdy
bjxksehVj (Bicycle Ergometer) vkfnA
vkblksdkbusfVd vH;kl (Isokinetic Exercise) &
vkblks&dkbusfVd (Iso-Kinetic) uked 'kCn nks 'kCnksa ls
feydj cuk gS vkblks (Iso) vkSj dkbusfVd (Kinetic), vkblks
(Iso) dk vFkZ ,d leku (Same) vkSj dkbusfVd (Kinetic) dk
vFkZ xfr (Motion)gksrk gSA bl çdkj ds vH;kl esa
ek¡lis'kh dh yEckbZ ?kVrh gS fQj c<+rh gS fQj ek¡lis'kh
dh yEckbZ ?kVrh gS fQj c<+rh gS vkSj ;s Øe pyrk jgrk
gS (cjkcj ;g xfr gksrh jgrh gS) lkFk gh lkFk ek¡lisf'k;ksa
ij cjkcj ruko cuk jgrk gSA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;gka
dksulsfUVªd (Concentric) vkSj blsfUVªd dkWUVªD'ku
(Eccentric Contraction) nksuksa gh ladqpu gksrs gSa
blfy;s ;g vH;kl vkblksVkWfud ladqpu dh Js.kh esa vkrk
gSA blds fy, fo'ks"k çdkj dh e'khuksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk
gS] ftlls fd ekalisf'k;ksa dh yEckbZ ds c<+us vkSj ?
kVus dk Øe pyrk jgs] tSls VªsMehy (Treadmill)] ckblhdy
bjxksehVj (Bicycle Ergometer) vkfnA

14. vkblksdkbusfVd vH;kl (Isokinetic
Exercise)

15. /
kU;ok