This presentation covers the basic terminology and key parameters of Population Genetics. Presentation is helpful for the students of Life Sciences and Evolutionary biology.
Population genetics is a sub field of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and between populations, and is a part of Evolutionary biology.
This presentation covers the basic terminology and key parameters of Population Genetics. Presentation is helpful for the students of Life Sciences and Evolutionary biology.
Population genetics is a sub field of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and between populations, and is a part of Evolutionary biology.
Bio 106
Lecture 11 Genes in Populations
A. Population Genetics
B. Gene Frequencies and Equilibrium
1. Gene Frequencies
2. Gene Pool
3. Model System for Population Stability (Hardy – Weinberg Law)
2
cces2015
C. Changes in Gene Frequencies
1. Mutation
2. Selection
2.1 Relative Fitness
2.2 Selections and Variability
2.3 Selection and Mating
3. Systems
4. Migration
5. Genetic Drift
3
cces2015
D. Race and Species Formation
1. The Concept of Races
2. The Concept of Species
2.1 Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms
2.2 Rapid Speciation
ASSORTIVE MATING AND GENE FREQUENCY CHANGES (POPULATION GENETICS)316116
This slide briefly the explanation of random mating as deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and also the changes in gene frequency as a result of violation of Hardy-Weinberg assumptions on gene frequency
Bio 106
Lecture 11 Genes in Populations
A. Population Genetics
B. Gene Frequencies and Equilibrium
1. Gene Frequencies
2. Gene Pool
3. Model System for Population Stability (Hardy – Weinberg Law)
2
cces2015
C. Changes in Gene Frequencies
1. Mutation
2. Selection
2.1 Relative Fitness
2.2 Selections and Variability
2.3 Selection and Mating
3. Systems
4. Migration
5. Genetic Drift
3
cces2015
D. Race and Species Formation
1. The Concept of Races
2. The Concept of Species
2.1 Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms
2.2 Rapid Speciation
ASSORTIVE MATING AND GENE FREQUENCY CHANGES (POPULATION GENETICS)316116
This slide briefly the explanation of random mating as deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and also the changes in gene frequency as a result of violation of Hardy-Weinberg assumptions on gene frequency
Primera presentación realizada por el equipo de TeamStudy en la asignatura ISPP de la universidad de Sevilla, podréis ver la presentación en nuestro canal de YouTuBe:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4CEreOaKmg&feature=youtu.be
2014 trends survey of child health care professionals on HPV vaccinations GRIVEAS ASSOCIATES
Between September and December 2014 we have conducted a global online survey to 45,000 children healthcare professionals to identify discrepancies and regional trends on everyday practice, compliance with guidelines, education gaps and preferred education sources in a number of areas including, HPV and Meningitis Vaccinations, Rare Diseases, Breastfeeding and Skincare.
667 healthcare experts, mostly general pediatricians (45.24%) responded from 84 countries. Most respondents were clinically active at general hospitals (29.89%), children’s hospitals (23.65%), private practice (18.7 %), university (17.77 %), and primary care (7.26%).
Between September and December 2014 we have conducted a global online survey to 45,000 children healthcare professionals to identify discrepancies and regional trends on everyday practice, compliance with guidelines, education gaps and preferred education sources in a number of areas including, HPV and Meningitis Vaccinations, Rare Diseases, Breastfeeding and Skin Care.
667 healthcare experts, mostly general pediatricians (45.24%) responded from 84 countries. Most respondents were clinically active at general hospitals (29.89%), children’s hospitals (23.65%), private practice (18.7 %), university (17.77 %), and primary care (7.26%).
2014 trends survey of child health care professionals on Meningitis VaccinationsGRIVEAS ASSOCIATES
Between September and December 2014 we have conducted a global online survey to 45,000 children healthcare professionals to identify discrepancies and regional trends on everyday practice, compliance with guidelines, education gaps and preferred education sources in a number of areas including, HPV and Meningitis Vaccinations, Rare Diseases, Breastfeeding and Skincare.
667 healthcare experts, mostly general pediatricians (45.24%) responded from 84 countries. Most respondents were clinically active at general hospitals (29.89%), children’s hospitals (23.65%), private practice (18.7 %), university (17.77 %), and primary care (7.26%).
How can a knowledge of the evolutionsystematics of Marine Mammals a.pdfeyevision3
Find the slope of the tangent line to the ellipse x2/4+ y2/9 = 1 at the point (x,y). slope = Are
there any points where the slope is not defined? (Enter them as comma-separated ordered- pairs,
e.g., (1,3), (-2,5). Enter none if there are no such points.) slope is undefined at
Solution
y=3sqrt(1-x^2/4) dy/dx=(3/2)(-x/2)/(sqrt(1-x^2/4)) =-3x/2sqrt(4-x^2) slope is not
defined where x=2,-2 slope tends to infinity (2,0),(-2,0).
A presentation as a webinar for the Winn Feline Foundation that focuses on recent findings related to the signatures of selection in the domestic cat genome
Evidence of Evolution by Natural Selection - how basic evolutionary principal...Madison Elsaadi
This PPTP is made for high school teachers wishing to introduce evolutionary concepts and exercises in regular and advance (AP) high school science courses.
An overview of some work on the DNA, genomes, chromosomes and genes in saffron crocus, Crocus sativus, from our lab, with mention of other work with whole genome assemblies from several countries, and analysis of repetitive DNA components by in situ hybridization.
Evolution of North American MicruracarusRachel Shoop
My research focuses on the evolution of North American water mites in the genus Arrenurus, Subgenus Micruracarus. In this presentation, I discuss why I chose to study these little known critters, and present some preliminary findings. Please contact me for more info.
Similar to Multiple paternity in loggerhead turtle ( caretta caretta (20)
Origin of life in universe is most debating and interesting topic for all scientist .which divided in 3 parts chemosynthesis theory ,RNA world hypothesis and some evidence about extraterrestrial life.
India is not that country of religions its country of unity ,love and purity where peoples live with big heart . but still India is different than world . just watch it and it will be use full for Indians to know where we are
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis which is from papiloma virus and cause Very Dangerous diseases which called as Tree Man Illness in this description some molecular markers are use to detection of this virus
Topic from Molecular ecology in which its possible to sexual selection According to color Polymorphism In small animals Like fish,butterfly,birds In laboratory scale by applying Molecular makrers
there are s many methods are used in diagnosis of human gene mutation which occur disorders ,here u get information about the diagnostic method for genetic mutation detection
Understanding of Models use for biomedical research who have similar physiological function like humans ,and the how to generate and which models are useful
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
different Modes of Insect Plant InteractionArchita Das
different modes of interaction between insects and plants including mutualism, commensalism, antagonism, Pairwise and diffuse coevolution, Plant defenses, how coevolution started
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Multiple paternity in loggerhead turtle ( caretta caretta
1. Multiple paternity in loggerhead turtle
(Caretta caretta) nests on Melbourne
Beach, Florida: a microsatellite analysis
Akash Mali,India
2. 1. Many aspects of sea turtle biology are difficult to measure in these
enigmatic migratory species, and this lack of knowledge continues to
hamper conservation efforts. The first study of paternity in a sea turtle
species used allozyme analysis to suggest multiple paternity in
loggerhead turtle ( Caretta caretta ) clutches in Australia.
This is the first time that more than two fathers have been detected for
offspring in individual sea turtle nests. Paternal genotypes could not be
assigned with confidence in clutches with more than two fathers, leaving
the question of male philopatry unanswered. The high incidence of
multiple paternity, they conclude that males are not a limiting resource for
this central Florida nesting aggregate.
3. Sea turtles are
difficult to
observe in coastal
and oceanic
habitats
Migratory routes
and reproductive
behaviors are
unknown
Continue to hinder
management goals for
threatened and
endangered
populations.
4. • They are used highly variable microsatellite loci to address the issue of
multiple paternity for loggerhead turtles that nest in Melbourne Beach, FL, one
of the largest nesting concentrations in the world for this species (Dodd 1988).
• The mating system of loggerheads is relevant to conservation and
recovery plans. Loggerhead turtles are listed as threatened under the US
Endangered Species Act of 1973, and are restricted from international
trade by Appendix I listing in the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species (CITES)
5. Materials and methods
•Sampling from nesting females and hatchlings
blood samples were collected
from 75 nesting loggerheads at
each site between 9 June and 22
June 1996. Blood was stored at
room temperature in sodium
dodecyl sulphate (SDS)– urea
buffer, pH 6.8
Approximately 50 days later
Up to 20 hatchlings from each nest were
sampled by biopsy of a rear marginal
scute with a 2-mm disposable punch . The
resultant biopsy was stored at room
temperature in 70% ethanol until DNA
extraction.
DNA was isolated using a standard phenol–
chloroform extraction protocol and ethanol
precipitation. Pellets were rehydrated in 10
mm Tris–HCl, pH 8.0, 1 m m EDTA. DNA
yields were quantified with a fluorometer
DNA from 200–400 µ L of
blood diluted in SDS–urea
buffer was extracted using a
standard phenol–chloroform
extraction and purified by
dialysis . DNA was precipitated
with ethanol, re-hydrated,
6. Characterization of microsatellites
We constructed a microsatellite-enriched DNA library
Over 300 putative microsatellite clones were sequenced, and many
revealed long (> 400 bp) imperfect repeats, repeat sequences that were
microsatellites within minisatellites, or microsatellites of a desirable
size but with insufficient flanking sequence for primer design.
Allele sizes were assigned using genotyper and genescan analysis software .
DNA from mothers was run alongside DNA from their offspring. Offspring
DNA that yielded novel alleles which indicated a second father was re-
amplified and re-run alongside their mother’s DNA to confirm results. Negative
controls were run with each set of reactions, using 1 µ L of sterile Milli-Q
water in place of the template
Data analysis
7. Results Population genetic analysis
Alleles shared between mothers and fathers, we could not unequivocally assign
paternal genotypes, so maternal and paternal allele frequencies could not be
com- pared to determine if fathers and mothers represented one population.
Likewise, we could not address the possibility of unequal paternal contribution
Multiple paternity
Of the 150 nests originally marked in this project, 88 nests were located again, caged,
and produced hatchlings. Seventy nests were chosen for analysis because they each had
at least 10 sampled offspring.
Loci had 10–20 alleles and varied in observed heterozygosity from 0.73 to 0.90
All loci were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium ( P = 0.23 for Cc141, P = 0.34 for Cc7,
P = 0.61 for Ccar176, and P = 0.24 for CCM2). Linkage disequilibrium was not
detected for any pair of loci. The paternity exclusion probability with a single locus and
one known parent varied from P EK = 0.55 to P EK = 0.74. With neither parent
known, P EU ranged from 0.37 to 0.58
8.
9. Discussion
Multiple paternity was common, with 31% of all nests possessing multiple fathers.
The resolution of multiple paternity using molecular techniques is important in
elucidating the basic biology of this little-known species
The advantages of multiple matings are many. If the adult sex ratio is skewed in
this population, it may be that females choose to mate with the first male that
they encounter to ensure fertilization, and then they can ‘upgrade’ if they happen
upon a better male later on
the genetic diversity hypothesis is particularly attractive when considered in the
light of known life history patterns. Although females are philopatric, they must
occasionally deviate from natal homing in order to colonize new beaches, as
appropriate nesting habitats come and go over evolutionary time
10. There is increasing evidence across taxa that sperm competition and post-
copulatory female choice can bias paternity in the offspring of polyandrous
females, and that their offspring gain fitness benefits
These benefits were hypothesized to be due to mate choice, genetic diversity, or
avoidance of genetic incompatibility or inbreeding, the positive effects of
polyandry on the offspring were demonstrable, and there is no reason to suspect
that loggerheads would not likewise benefit from multiple matings.
11. References
M. K. MOORE and R. M. BALL Jr* , Blackwell Science Ltd Multiple
paternity in loggerhead turtle ( Caretta caretta ) nests on Melbourne Beach,
Florida: a microsatellite analysis , Molecular Ecology (2002) 11 , 281–288