Multicolor scattering by tightly focused femtosecond laser
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We observed experimentally intense scattered lights with multicolors at the surface of microbubbles formed by a focused femtosecond laser inside the water. This optical scattering phenomenon is found, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time since the invention of the femtosecond laser.
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![Introduction
We observed experimentally intense scattered lights with multicolors at the
surface of microbubbles formed by a focused femtosecond laser inside the water.
This optical scattering phenomenon is found, to the best of our knowledge, for the
first time since the invention of the femtosecond laser. However, it is well known
that, after focusing femtosecond laser inside water firstly it shows optical
breakdown because of photoionization effect [1], then, loose geometrical focusing
condition (because of water) creates plasma strings that is considered as
filamentation inside water which also creates white light generation, blue shifting
phenomena, laser induced bubbles generation by ionocavitation [2], those
bubbles show irradiation, nucleation, growth, growth, rebound, etc. [3]. And we
observed our new found multicolour optical scattering from the surface of those
bubbles.
Methods And Experimental Setup
Observational Results
The focused femtosecond laser region under water is very dynamic and also it is
challenging in terms of observation, there are so many mechanisms are involved
there, but we focused into some specific topics where our Observation can be
summarized as below :
Explanation
References
1. Zysset, B., Fujimoto, J. G., & Deutsch, T. F. Applied Physics B, 48(2), 139-147 (189).
2. Mizushima, Y., & Saito, T. Applied Physics Letters, 107(11), 114102 (2015).
3. L. Berthe, R. Fabbro, P. Peyre, L. Tollier, and E. Bartnicki, J. Appl. Phys. 82 (6), 2826 (1997).
4. Fengjiang Liu el at. Optics Express, 25(19), 13258 (2016).
5. Hao, Zuoqiang, et al. Optics Express, 19(8), 7799 (2011).
6. Couairon, A., & Mysyrowicz, A. Physics reports, 441(2-4), 47 (2007).
7. Ooi, C. R., & Sanny, A. I. JOSA B, 34(10), 2072 (2017)..
Contact: bigganobish@gmail.com & rooi@um.edu.my
Conclusion
Mauris orci mi, varius id diam, egestas auctor enim.
*Question: Are the Colors Correlated with Space and Bubble Size?
Answer: It has been observed similar size bubbles scattered different colors in different
regions so answer is No.
MULTICOLOR SCATTERING BY TIGHTLY FOCUSED FEMTOSECOND LASER
A. I. Sanny & C. H. Raymond Ooi
Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• Biconvex Objective Lens : 2.5 cm
• The focused region : 100 μm
Our new found optical phenomena discussed based on observation and our known
fundamental knowledge on nonlinear properties of lights when femtosecond laser
interacts with water [7]. This effect is still a subject to discuss theoretically in details.
Beside fundamental science we think this is also very important for many applications
related to biophysics, biomedical engineering, fabrications of nanoparticles under water,
etc.
In this experimental study, the laser beam, with a diameter of 1 cm, is focused into the
water by a biconvex objective lens from the side of a water container. And camera
and lights are placed such a way that we can observe live dynamic reactions when
laser was focused inside water.
Ti: Sapphire femtosecond laser amplifier System Quantities
• Energy per pulse : 2.5mJ
• Laser Pulse duration : 50 fs
• Central wavelength : 800nm
• Repetition rate : 1KHz
• Average Power : 3.5 W
• Peak Power : 𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
W
• Peak intensity: 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟒
𝑾𝒄𝒎−𝟐
Laser induced breakdown in water and self focusing
or filamentation
White light generation at focused portion, blue
shifting property, Multi-spectral effects
*Multispectral image
taken at the laser axis
1 m away from the
focus after the laser
passes through the
water due to nonlinear
optical interactions for
different average
laser powers. The
bottom panels show
the colourful image at
low power and the
effect of lower
repetition rate of 500
kHz.
Creation of bubbles, their motions due to pressure
force [4] and in between we have found strong color
light scattering
(a) Scatter plot showing the spatial distributions of the sparkling colors obtained by
analyzing the movie shot-by-shot. (b) Distributions of the bubble diameters for
each color. (c) Overall distribution of bubbles with all colors and a Gaussian fit with
mean 21.8 μm and variance 30 μm.
The physics of the colored filaments was described in ref. [5] as due to the filaments
having different degrees of nonlinearity, self-focusing, SPM, and multiphoton ionization
(plasma defocusing), as well as different laser intensities at different positions, leading
to different degrees of spectral broadening, from our understanding, this phenomena
acts from behind to show colorful sparking from microbubble surface. For peak power
of 8 GW, the number of filaments is estimated to be [6],
(the filaments numbers)
Pin is the average laser power, Pfil is the power carried by each filament and we use n2
= 26×10-21m2W-1
Some statistical data :](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/multicolorscatteringbytightlyfocusedfemtosecondlaser-180604215047/85/Multicolor-scattering-by-tightly-focused-femtosecond-laser-1-320.jpg)
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This document discusses nanostructures, their synthesis, and surface modification techniques. It defines nanostructures as having at least one dimension between 1-100 nm. Nanostructures are classified based on dimensionality as 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D. Common synthesis methods include physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and thermal spraying. Surface modification is done to change properties like reactivity, roughness, and corrosion protection. Common modification techniques are thermal spraying, PVD, and CVD.
308 Excimer System
The 308 Excimer System is the only handheld system for intense monochromatic UVB therapy in the treatment for autoimmune diseases of the skin.
improving mix clahe with aco for clearer oceanic images
Oceanic pictures have poor visibility attributable to various factors; weather disturbance, particles in water, lightweight frames and water movement which results in degraded and low contrast pictures of underwater. Visibility restoration refers to varied ways in which aim to decline and remove the degradation that have occurred whereas the digital image has been obtained. The probabilistic Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) approach is presented to solve the problem of designing an optimal route for hard combinatorial problems. It’s found that almost all of the prevailing researchers have neglected several problems i.e. no technique is correct for various reasonably circumstances. the prevailing strategies have neglected the utilization of hymenopter colony optimization to cut back the noise and uneven illuminate downside. The main objective of this paper is to judge the performance of ANT colony optimization primarily based haze removal over the obtainable MIX-CLAHE (Contrast Limited adaptive histogram Equalization) technique. The experiment has clearly showed the effectiveness of the projected technique over the obtainable strategies.
Utilization of cationic gold nanoparticles for detection of biomolecules,IR9
Utilization of cationic gold nanoparticles for detection of biomolecules,IR9Qatar University- Young Scientists Center (Al-Bairaq)
This document presents research on using gold nanoparticles for the detection of the biomolecule heparin. It describes synthesizing positively-charged gold nanoparticles by coating them with a lipoic acid derivative. The nanoparticles were shown through SEM, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and other analysis to coagulate and change color when exposed to the negatively-charged heparin molecule. This provides a simple, visual method to detect heparin concentration and has potential applications for controlling heparin dosage during surgeries in Qatar. The research was conducted by two Qatari students at Mosab bin Omair secondary independent school under the supervision of two doctors.Introduce variable/ Indices using landsat image
Image Index is a “synthetic image layer” created from the existing bands of a multispectral image. This new layer often provides unique and valuable information not found in any of the other individual bands.
Image index is a calculated result or generated product from satellite band/channels
It helps to identify different land cover from mathematical definition .
Isodose curves RADIATION ONCOLOGY
1. Isodose curves represent the dose distribution from radiation beams and are lines connecting points of equal percentage depth dose. They are used to depict the volumetric and planar variations in absorbed dose.
2. The parameters that affect the shape of isodose curves include beam quality, source size, SSD, SDD, field size, and beam modifiers like wedges and flattening filters. Lower beam energy results in greater lateral scatter and more bulging curves.
3. Multiple radiation fields can be combined using appropriate beam weights, sizes, angles and modifiers to deliver a more uniform dose to the tumor while sparing surrounding tissues. Parameters like setup accuracy and plan practicality are also considered.
Study of Rotation Measurements with a Passive Resonant Gyroscope Based on Hol...
We present rotation measurements performed with a passive resonant optical fibre gyroscope. The fibre used to realize the resonant cavity was a Kagome Hollow Core Fiber. Measurements were performed in two types of configurations. In the first configuration, the counter propagating beams resonate on the same cavity mode. This leads to observation of lock in that prevents measuring rotation rates below roughly 1° s. In the second configuration, the counter propagating beams resonate on two different cavity modes. This leads to rotation rates measurements below 0.1° s that are currently limited by some drifts. We will describe in the conference possible sources of drifts and the solutions we consider to circumvent them. Dr. Vinay Kumar Chaudhary "Study of Rotation Measurements with a Passive Resonant Gyroscope Based on Hollow Core Fiber" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26390.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/26390/study-of-rotation-measurements-with-a-passive-resonant-gyroscope-based-on-hollow-core-fiber/dr-vinay-kumar-chaudhary
NDVI
The document summarizes a study that obtained NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) imagery from a UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) using a modified digital camera. A Canon camera was modified by removing its internal filters, allowing collection of full-spectrum imagery. A yellow filter was added to block UV and blue wavelengths. This produced red, green, and infrared bands that could be used to calculate NDVI after processing. Imagery of a study site in Kansas was captured from a UAV and an NDVI image was produced, showing differences in vegetation growth that aligned with Google Earth imagery. However, further validation against ground measurements was needed to fully assess the accuracy.
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An Investigation of SILAR Grown Cobalt Selenide Thin Films
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Application Of Biochemical Tools And Techniques.
This document discusses various biochemical tools and techniques used in analysis. It describes several types of microscopy like light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. It also explains various spectroscopy techniques such as colorimetry, UV-visible spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, it covers different types of chromatography and electrophoresis techniques used in biochemistry like paper chromatography, gel electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE.
Phase contrast microscope
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Introduction to Spectroscopy Science Lecture
Introduction to Spectroscopy Science LectureMilitary Technical College/ Biomedical Engineering Department
This document provides an introduction to spectroscopy. It defines spectroscopy as the science of investigating objects through light-matter interactions to understand their molecular structure and properties. Key concepts discussed include energy levels, absorption, scattering, and emission. Specific spectroscopic techniques covered are absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The document also outlines the basic components of a spectroscopic system and discusses applications of spectroscopy.Calculation of Optical Properties of Nano ParticlePHYSICS 5535- .docx
Calculation of Optical Properties of Nano Particle
PHYSICS 5535- Optical Properties Matter-Spring 2017
Raznah Yami
Outline
1. Introduction: this part gives a precise overview of the whole paper. It begins by illustrating a brief introduction and importance of Nano Particles and the theoretical approaches used for their calculation.
2. Main idea: this section provides a step-by-step in-depth analysis of recently developed theories the calculation of optical properties of nanoparticles. It also provides calculation and equations employed these approaches.
2.1 Optical Properties of Nanoparticles: this section talks about the basics principles and governing the optical behavior of Nano particles and provides in-depth knowledge of different phenomena observed while dealing with optical properties of Nano particles.
2.2 Mie-Theory: the research provides exhaustive information the study optical properties of nanoparticles using Mie theory. This research focuses on Mie theory for the calculation of optical properties of Nano particle according to which we can calculate the place of surface Plasmon resonance in optical spectra of metallic spherical nanoparticle.
2.3 Discrete Dipole Approximation method: this section enumerates sufficient information about the calculation of absorption and scattering efficiencies and optical resonance wavelengths for three commonly used classes of nanoparticles: gold Nano spheres, silica-gold Nano shells, and gold Nano rods and we examine the magneto-optical scattering from nanometer-scale structures using a discrete dipole approximation.
3. Conclusion: This section provides a summary of the most important points, which presents an overview of the practical application and calculation methods of optical properties of Nano particles talking about core principles, which therefore explain the behavior exhibited by nanoparticles.
List of figures:
Figure 1: Localized surface Plasmon resonance ,resulting from the collective oscillations of delocalized electrons in response to an external electric field
Figure 2: Absorption spectra of semiconductor nanoparticles of different diameter. Right-nanoparticles suspended in solution.
Figure 3: Comparison of absorbance along increasing wavelength between Nano GaAs (7-15 nm) and Bulk GaAs showing an apparent blue shift
Figure 4: Showing the effect of blue shift because of quantum confinement as the wavelength shifts from 1100 nm to 2000 nm when we move from particle size of 9nm to parcile size of 3 nm.
Figure 5: Emission spectra of several sizes of (Cdse) Zns core-shell quantum dots.
Figure 6: The optical spectra and transmission electron micrographs for the particles in vials 1–5 are also shown. Scale bars in micrographs are all 100 nm
Figure7: Shows the effect of varying relative core and shell thickness of gold Nano Shells, there is an apparent blue shift as the frequency increases
References:
1. . P. S. Per ...
Phase contrast & Flurosence microscope
This document provides an introduction to phase contrast microscopy and fluorescent microscopy. It discusses that phase contrast microscopy, developed in 1934, uses optical techniques to produce high-contrast images of transparent samples like living cells. It works by converting differences in refractive index to intensity differences visible to the eye. Fluorescent microscopy illuminates samples with high-energy light, causing fluorophores to emit lower-energy light, which can then be filtered and observed. Both techniques allow viewing of unstained, living samples like cells in more detail.
Q2 law-week-3-4 physical science-validated-converted
This document contains a learning activity worksheet on light, reflection, refraction, and how electrons behave as waves. It includes multiple choice questions, fill-in-the-blank activities, and short answer questions to test students' understanding of key concepts. Students are asked to define terms, describe phenomena like the photoelectric effect, and explain how experiments provide evidence that electrons exhibit wave-like properties. The various activities assess students' knowledge of the wave and particle nature of light and electrons.
Optical Properties of Mesoscopic Systems of Coupled Microspheres
Two mechanisms of optical coupling between spherical cavities, tight-binding between their whispering gallery modes and focusing produced by periodically coupled microlenses, are directly observed using spatially resolved scattering spectroscopy and imaging. The results can be used for developing device concepts of lasers, optical filters, microspectrometers and sensors based on mesoscopic systems of coupled microspheres.
Absorption spectroscopy
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This document contains a student's notes and activities from their General Physics 2 module on light. It includes summaries of Snell's law, dispersion of light, total internal reflection, and polarization. It also outlines several hands-on activities exploring topics like the electromagnetic spectrum using a slinky toy, observing total internal reflection using a laser and glass of water, and demonstrating dispersion of light using a CD and flashlight.
Reflection
The document discusses reflection of light, including specular and diffuse reflection. It defines the law of reflection, which states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, and that the incident ray, reflected ray, and normal ray all lie in the same plane. Specular reflection occurs off smooth surfaces, reflecting light in one direction, while diffuse reflection occurs off rough surfaces, scattering light in many directions. The document uses examples and diagrams to illustrate these concepts.
Art and Physics
The document explores connections between visual art and physics. It discusses how Yayoi Kusama's infinity mirror room appears green due to mirrors reflecting more green light. It explains how Fabian Oefner uses ferrofluids and magnetic fields to create patterns in his artwork. It also describes how the Niels Bohr Institute uses data from CERN to create a light sculpture on its facade illustrating particle trajectories.
Phase contrast and Fluorescent microscope
Phase contrast and fluorescence microscopes allow viewing of unstained live samples.
Phase contrast microscopy uses interference of light waves passing through a sample to create contrast between structures of different refractive indices. Fluorescence microscopy employs fluorophores and fluorescent dyes excited by UV or blue light to emit visible light, allowing specific structures to be viewed with a dark background. Both techniques have advanced biological and medical research by enabling observation of otherwise transparent live cells and structures.
IMAGE ACQUISITION IN AN UNDERWATER VISION SYSTEM WITH NIR AND VIS ILLUMINATION
The paper describes the image acquisition system able to capture images in two separated
bands of light, used to underwater autonomous navigation. The channels are: the visible light
spectrum and near infrared spectrum. The characteristics of natural, underwater environment
were also described together with the process of the underwater image creation. The results of
an experiment with comparison of selected images acquired in these channels are discussed.
SEMINAR DOC.finally completed
The document discusses the concepts of invisible cloaking through the use of metamaterials. It begins with background on light and its properties like reflection and refraction. It then discusses how metamaterials evolved and how they were used in 2006 to create a simplified cloaking device at Duke University that could make objects invisible to microwaves. The device used concentric rings of metamaterials that caused microwaves to flow around a hidden object. Finally, it discusses how metamaterials are formed through the diffusion of hydrogen in metal-doped glasses, which leads to the growth of metallic nanoparticles that can self-arrange into quasi-periodic layered structures.
Presentation on electron microscopy by aditi saxena (msc biochem)
slides include basic discussion on electrom microscopy and specially transmission electron microscopy. hope this will give you all the requires info.
W03301330140
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
2016oe
This document summarizes research on using metallic nanostructures to enhance fluorescence. Specifically, it proposes using "stair-gratings" - nanostructures with corrugations that have an excavated rectangular section to create a stair-like profile. Experiments show that stair-gratings provide higher fluorescence enhancement and narrower emission directionality compared to conventional gratings, covering both the excitation and emission bands of fluorophores. Finite-difference time-domain simulations agree with experimental results, demonstrating the potential of stair-gratings for applications requiring enhanced and directional single-molecule fluorescence.
research report
This document discusses research on phononic crystals using photoelastic visualization techniques. Simulation results using FEM show negative refraction and focusing of waves passing through triangular arrangements of steel rods embedded in epoxy. The research aims to experimentally validate simulations by creating a solid-solid phononic crystal and using photoelastic methods to observe wave propagation. This will provide a better understanding of phononic crystal properties without limitations of computer simulation.
Ppt f1
This document discusses different types of microscopy and their principles. It begins by defining a microscope and microscopy. It then explains principles of light microscopy, including magnification, resolution, numerical aperture, and illumination sources. Specific types of light microscopy are described in more detail, including brightfield microscopy, darkfield microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. Their basic optical setups and principles are summarized.
Ophthalmic_Laser_Therapy.pdf
1. Lasers emit coherent, directional, monochromatic light that can be precisely focused. Lasers work by stimulating the emission of photons from excited atoms or molecules in a process called stimulated emission.
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Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business MeetingThe binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
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Nucleic Acid-its structural and functional complexity.
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
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collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
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1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
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如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
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Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptx
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
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(Work in progress.)
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
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hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsNucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptx
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
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Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
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Multicolor scattering by tightly focused femtosecond laser
- 1. Introduction We observed experimentally intense scattered lights with multicolors at the surface of microbubbles formed by a focused femtosecond laser inside the water. This optical scattering phenomenon is found, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time since the invention of the femtosecond laser. However, it is well known that, after focusing femtosecond laser inside water firstly it shows optical breakdown because of photoionization effect [1], then, loose geometrical focusing condition (because of water) creates plasma strings that is considered as filamentation inside water which also creates white light generation, blue shifting phenomena, laser induced bubbles generation by ionocavitation [2], those bubbles show irradiation, nucleation, growth, growth, rebound, etc. [3]. And we observed our new found multicolour optical scattering from the surface of those bubbles. Methods And Experimental Setup Observational Results The focused femtosecond laser region under water is very dynamic and also it is challenging in terms of observation, there are so many mechanisms are involved there, but we focused into some specific topics where our Observation can be summarized as below : Explanation References 1. Zysset, B., Fujimoto, J. G., & Deutsch, T. F. Applied Physics B, 48(2), 139-147 (189). 2. Mizushima, Y., & Saito, T. Applied Physics Letters, 107(11), 114102 (2015). 3. L. Berthe, R. Fabbro, P. Peyre, L. Tollier, and E. Bartnicki, J. Appl. Phys. 82 (6), 2826 (1997). 4. Fengjiang Liu el at. Optics Express, 25(19), 13258 (2016). 5. Hao, Zuoqiang, et al. Optics Express, 19(8), 7799 (2011). 6. Couairon, A., & Mysyrowicz, A. Physics reports, 441(2-4), 47 (2007). 7. Ooi, C. R., & Sanny, A. I. JOSA B, 34(10), 2072 (2017).. Contact: bigganobish@gmail.com & rooi@um.edu.my Conclusion Mauris orci mi, varius id diam, egestas auctor enim. *Question: Are the Colors Correlated with Space and Bubble Size? Answer: It has been observed similar size bubbles scattered different colors in different regions so answer is No. MULTICOLOR SCATTERING BY TIGHTLY FOCUSED FEMTOSECOND LASER A. I. Sanny & C. H. Raymond Ooi Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia • Biconvex Objective Lens : 2.5 cm • The focused region : 100 μm Our new found optical phenomena discussed based on observation and our known fundamental knowledge on nonlinear properties of lights when femtosecond laser interacts with water [7]. This effect is still a subject to discuss theoretically in details. Beside fundamental science we think this is also very important for many applications related to biophysics, biomedical engineering, fabrications of nanoparticles under water, etc. In this experimental study, the laser beam, with a diameter of 1 cm, is focused into the water by a biconvex objective lens from the side of a water container. And camera and lights are placed such a way that we can observe live dynamic reactions when laser was focused inside water. Ti: Sapphire femtosecond laser amplifier System Quantities • Energy per pulse : 2.5mJ • Laser Pulse duration : 50 fs • Central wavelength : 800nm • Repetition rate : 1KHz • Average Power : 3.5 W • Peak Power : 𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 W • Peak intensity: 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟒 𝑾𝒄𝒎−𝟐 Laser induced breakdown in water and self focusing or filamentation White light generation at focused portion, blue shifting property, Multi-spectral effects *Multispectral image taken at the laser axis 1 m away from the focus after the laser passes through the water due to nonlinear optical interactions for different average laser powers. The bottom panels show the colourful image at low power and the effect of lower repetition rate of 500 kHz. Creation of bubbles, their motions due to pressure force [4] and in between we have found strong color light scattering (a) Scatter plot showing the spatial distributions of the sparkling colors obtained by analyzing the movie shot-by-shot. (b) Distributions of the bubble diameters for each color. (c) Overall distribution of bubbles with all colors and a Gaussian fit with mean 21.8 μm and variance 30 μm. The physics of the colored filaments was described in ref. [5] as due to the filaments having different degrees of nonlinearity, self-focusing, SPM, and multiphoton ionization (plasma defocusing), as well as different laser intensities at different positions, leading to different degrees of spectral broadening, from our understanding, this phenomena acts from behind to show colorful sparking from microbubble surface. For peak power of 8 GW, the number of filaments is estimated to be [6], (the filaments numbers) Pin is the average laser power, Pfil is the power carried by each filament and we use n2 = 26×10-21m2W-1 Some statistical data :