Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process.
Sheet metal characteristics - Typical shearing operations, bending and drawing operations – Stretch forming operations –– Formability of sheet metal – Test methods – Working principle and application of special forming processes - Hydro forming – Rubber pad forming – Metal spinning – Introduction to Explosive forming, Magnetic pulse forming, Peen forming, Super plastic forming.
Sheet metal characteristics - Typical shearing operations, bending and drawing operations – Stretch forming operations –– Formability of sheet metal – Test methods – Working principle and application of special forming processes - Hydro forming – Rubber pad forming – Metal spinning – Introduction to Explosive forming, Magnetic pulse forming, Peen forming, Super plastic forming.
Introduction to Manufacturing Processes and their Applications (Casting, Forging, Sheet metal working and Metal joining processes), Description of Casting process: Sand casting(Cope&Drag). Sheet metal Forming,(shearing, bending, drawing), Forging (Hot working and cold working comparison) ,Electric Arc welding, Comparison of Welding, Soldering, Brazing
It is a near net shape process in which casting and forging is done in single step.
It is Referred by many names such as “squeeze casting” , “pressure infiltration”, “liquid metal forging”, “extrusion casting”, “liquid pressing'', “pressure crystallization”.
Process optimization of pressure die casting to eliminate defect using cae so...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Die Casting is the manufacturing process by which a liquid material is pressurized in to the mould, which contains a hallow
cavity of the desired shape, and then molten metal is allowed to solidify. The solidified part is known as casting which is ejected
or broken out to complete the process. Objective in this project is to develop tools, dies and gating system. Identify defects such as
gas defects, shrinkage cavities, and mould material defects, pouring material defects, metallurgical defects etc. and take measures
to reduce flaws by using CAE software. To reduce the amount airs entrapped in the mould by changing the gating system, runner
and overflow location and optimize the gating system and process parameters for best quality product and improved productivity.
Defects can be formed easily at critical location during pressure die casting of aluminium alloy part. It has defective effect on the
casting. Mould filling and solidification process of a part was simulated using Z-cast software.
Key Words: Casting, HPDC, Z-cast, CAE Software, Simulation.
Introduction to Manufacturing Processes and their Applications (Casting, Forging, Sheet metal working and Metal joining processes), Description of Casting process: Sand casting(Cope&Drag). Sheet metal Forming,(shearing, bending, drawing), Forging (Hot working and cold working comparison) ,Electric Arc welding, Comparison of Welding, Soldering, Brazing
It is a near net shape process in which casting and forging is done in single step.
It is Referred by many names such as “squeeze casting” , “pressure infiltration”, “liquid metal forging”, “extrusion casting”, “liquid pressing'', “pressure crystallization”.
Process optimization of pressure die casting to eliminate defect using cae so...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Die Casting is the manufacturing process by which a liquid material is pressurized in to the mould, which contains a hallow
cavity of the desired shape, and then molten metal is allowed to solidify. The solidified part is known as casting which is ejected
or broken out to complete the process. Objective in this project is to develop tools, dies and gating system. Identify defects such as
gas defects, shrinkage cavities, and mould material defects, pouring material defects, metallurgical defects etc. and take measures
to reduce flaws by using CAE software. To reduce the amount airs entrapped in the mould by changing the gating system, runner
and overflow location and optimize the gating system and process parameters for best quality product and improved productivity.
Defects can be formed easily at critical location during pressure die casting of aluminium alloy part. It has defective effect on the
casting. Mould filling and solidification process of a part was simulated using Z-cast software.
Key Words: Casting, HPDC, Z-cast, CAE Software, Simulation.
Chapter 3: Metal Works, Casting & Heat Treatmentsyar 2604
This topic explains the processes of metal works and casting. It also describes the types and purpose of heat treatment for steels and the effects of heat treatment on mechanical properties of steels.
Its a class lecture about Centrifugal Casting in Production Process subject. This class held at Khulna University of Engineering & Technology. Class conducted by Md. Abdullah Al Bari.
The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry or the oil patch, includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing of petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol).
Steel mills, also known as steelworks, are industrial factories that specialize in the production of steel. They typically smelt down iron and carbon, mixing the two together in a specific ratio to create steel.
Power plants are industrial facilities that generate electricity from primary energy sources, such as coal, natural gas, nuclear, solar, or wind energy. Most power plants use one or more generators that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
What is the most common type of power plant? A steam turbine power generating plant is the most common type of power plant today. This type of plant converts heat into electricity usually using a boiler, and a turbine to drive an electric generator
Currently, in Pakistan, there are six major producers of fertilizers which include Fauji Fertilizer, Engro Fertilizer Company, Dawood Hercules, and Fatima Fertilizers. Media reports suggest that the Chinese government is keenly looking for avenues to enter Pakistan's agriculture and fertilizer sector.
The two types of fertilizers - inorganic and organic. In the broadest sense, all types of fertilizers include any substance, living, or inorganic which aids in plant growth and health. We exclude water, CO2, and sunlight.
Currently, in Pakistan, there are six major producers of fertilizers which include Fauji Fertilizer, Engro Fertilizer Company, Dawood Hercules, and Fatima Fertilizers. Media reports suggest that the Chinese government is keenly looking for avenues to enter Pakistan's agriculture and fertilizer sector.
What Are Different Types of Fertilizer?
1.Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer. ...
2.Nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. ...
3.Amide nitrogen fertilizer. ...
Phosphorus fertilizer. ...
2.Mixing soluble phosphate fertilizer. ...
3.Citrate-soluble phosphatic fertilizer. ...
1.Agricultural waste. ...
2.Livestock manure.
The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry or the oil patch, includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing of petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol).
The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry or the oil patch, includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing of petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol).
Polymer industry manufactures and researches natural and synthetic polymers such as plastics, elastomers and some of the adhesives. Polymer research is a subfield of material science that encompasses the fields of chemistry, physics and engineering.
Plastics are polymers. A polymer is a substance made of many repeating units. The word polymer comes from two Greek words: poly, meaning many, and meros, meaning parts or units. A polymer can be thought of as a chain in which each link is the “mer,” or monomer (single unit).
Since the start of its mass production in the 1940s, plastic has become a ubiquitous part of human life. As of 2017, the global production of plastics had increased to nearly 350 million metric tons. By the year 2050, plastic production is expected to have tripled and will account for a fifth of global oil consumption
From the limestone quarry to the delivery of the end product, follow every step in the cement manufacturing process.
Step 1: Mining. ...
Step 2: Crushing, stacking, and reclaiming of raw materials. ...
Step 3: Raw meal drying, grinding, and homogenization. ...
Step 4: Clinkerization. ...
Step 5: Cement grinding and storage. ...
Step 6: Packing.
14 Different types of cement :-
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC): This is the most common type of cement which is extensively used. ...
Rapid Hardening cement: ...
Low heat portland cement: – ...
Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement:- ...
High alumina Cement:- ...
Blast furnace slag cement:- ...
Coloured Cement:- ...
Pozzolana cement :-
From the limestone quarry to the delivery of the end product, follow every step in the cement manufacturing process.
Step 1: Mining. ...
Step 2: Crushing, stacking, and reclaiming of raw materials. ...
Step 3: Raw meal drying, grinding, and homogenization. ...
Step 4: Clinkerization. ...
Step 5: Cement grinding and storage. ...
Step 6: Packing.
14 Different types of cement :-
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC): This is the most common type of cement which is extensively used. ...
Rapid Hardening cement: ...
Low heat portland cement: – ...
Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement:- ...
High alumina Cement:- ...
Blast furnace slag cement:- ...
Coloured Cement:- ...
Pozzolana cement :-
From the limestone quarry to the delivery of the end product, follow every step in the cement manufacturing process.
Step 1: Mining. ...
Step 2: Crushing, stacking, and reclaiming of raw materials. ...
Step 3: Raw meal drying, grinding, and homogenization. ...
Step 4: Clinkerization. ...
Step 5: Cement grinding and storage. ...
Step 6: Packing.
14 Different types of cement :-
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC): This is the most common type of cement which is extensively used. ...
Rapid Hardening cement: ...
Low heat portland cement: – ...
Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement:- ...
High alumina Cement:- ...
Blast furnace slag cement:- ...
Coloured Cement:- ...
Pozzolana cement :-
A parent-teacher conference, parent-teacher interview, parent-teacher night, or parents' evening, is a short meeting or conference between the parents and teachers of students to discuss a child's progress at school and find solutions to academic or behavioral problems.
The strategic vision provides an overview of where you want to be at a specific time in the future. It helps provide an overarching principle(s) for all the detail contained in later sections. The vision should also support the strategies and agenda of the target audience.
Today there are two major commercial processes for making steel, namely basic oxygen steelmaking, which has liquid pig-iron from the blast furnace and scrap steel as the main feed materials, and electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking, which uses scrap steel or direct reduced iron (DRI) as the main feed materials.
A safety procedure is a step by step plan of how to perform a work procedure. This is used in cases where deviation from the procedure could lead to injury or accident.
PepsiCo, Inc. is American multinational food, snack, and beverage corporation headquartered in Harrison, New York, in the hamlet of Purchase. PepsiCo has interests in the manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of grain-based snack foods, beverages, and other products.
Atlas Honda is a Pakistani motorcycle manufacturer owned by Atlas Group and Honda Motor Company and based in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan since 1962. It is the largest motorcycle assembler in Pakistan, as well as a market leader.
Search Results
Web results
Pump - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org › wiki › Pump
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action, typically converted from electrical energy into Hydraulic energy. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps.
Powder Metallurgy enables the processing of materials with very high melting points, including refractory metals such as tungsten, molybdenum, and tantalum. Such metals are very difficult to produce by melting and casting and are often very brittle in the cast state.
Advantages of Powder Metallurgy
It can be very economical for mass production (100,000 parts). Long term reliability through close control of dimensions and physical properties. Very good material utilization - loss of material very less. Minimization or elimination of Machining.
Powder metallurgy (PM) is a term covering a wide range of ways in which materials or components are made from metal powders. PM processes can avoid, or greatly reduce, the need to use metal removal processes, thereby drastically reducing yield losses in manufacture and often resulting in lower costs.
Conventional Powder-Metallurgy Process
The powder-metallurgy (PM) process, depicted in the diagram below, involves mixing elemental or alloy powders, compacting the mixture in a die and then sintering, or heating, the resultant shapes in an atmosphere-controlled furnace to metallurgically bond the particles.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2. CONCEPT
Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured
into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed
to solidify.
The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the
mold to complete the process.
Casting materials are usually metals or various cold setting materials
that cure after mixing two or more components together; examples
are epoxy, concrete, plaster and clay. Casting is most often used for making
complex shapes that would be otherwise difficult or uneconomical to make by
other methods
3. PERMANENT MOLD CASTING
Permanent mold castings, while not as flexible as sand castings in allowing the
use of different patterns (different part designs), lower the cost of producing a
part.
At a production run of 1000 or more parts, permanent mold castings produce a
lower piece cost part. Of course, the break-even point depends on the complexity
of the part.
More complex parts being favored by the use of permanent molds.The usual
considerations of minimum wall thicknesses (such as 3mm for lengths under 75
mm), radius (inside radius = nominal wall thickness, outside radius = 3 x nominal
wall thickness), draft angles (1 to 3º on outside surfaces, 2 to 5º on inside surfaces)
etc. all apply.
4.
5. PERMANENT MOLD CASTING
Typical tolerances are 2 % of linear dimensions. Surface finish ranges from 2.5 µm
to 7.5 µm (100 µin to 250 µin).
.Typical part sizes range from 50 g to 70 kg (1.5 ounces to 150 lb.).
Typical materials used are small and medium sized parts made from aluminum,
magnesium and brass and their alloys.
Typical parts include gears, splines, wheels, gear housings, pipefittings, fuel
injection housings, and automotive engine pistons
6. DIE CASTING
Die casting is a manufacturing process for producing metal parts by forcing
molten metal under high pressure into a die cavity.
Generally speaking, these die or mold cavities are created with hardened tool
steel that have been previously machined to the net shape or near net shape of
the die cast parts.
This process allows products to be made with high degree of accuracy and
repeatability.
The die casting process also produce fine details such as textured surfaces or
names without requiring further processing.
7. DIE CASTING
The die casting process usually produce parts using primarily non-ferrous metals,
such as zinc, copper, aluminum and magnesium. Over the years, many different
alloys have been developed to meet certain type of needs and requirements of
each application.
Type of die casting processes
The die casting process can be further divided into two different categories:
Hot Chamber Die Casting
Cold Chamber Die Casting
8. HOT CHAMBER DIE CASTING
Hot Chamber Die Casting is the process where the injection system is immersed in
pool of molten metal hence the name.
The furnace is attached to the machine via a feeding system called a
gooseneck. As the cycle begins the piston will retracts, which allows the molten
metal to fill the “gooseneck” from a port in the injection cylinder.
As the plunger move downwards, it seals the port and forces the molten metal
through the gooseneck and nozzle into the die. Once the metal solidifies, the
plunger will pull upwards.
9.
10. COLD CHAMBER DIE CASTING
Cold Chamber Die Casting is the process of using a ladle to transport the molten
metal from the holding furnace into the unheated shot chamber or injection
cylinder.
This metal is then shot into the die by using a hydraulic piston.
The main disadvantage of this process is that it is relatively slower compared to
the Hot Chamber Die Casting process.
However, this process is primarily used for manufacturing aluminum parts as
molten aluminum alloys have a tendency to attack and erode the metal cylinders,
plungers and dies greatly shortening their tool life
11. SQUEEZE CASTING
Squeeze casting, also known as liquid metal forging, is a combination of casting
and forging process.
The molten metal is poured into the bottom half of the pre-heated die. As the
metal starts solidifying, the upper half closes the die and applies pressure during
the solidification process.The amount of pressure thus applied is significantly less
than used in forging, and parts of great detail can be produced. Coring can be
used with this process to form holes and recesses.The porosity is low and the
mechanical properties are improved.
Both ferrous and non-ferrous materials can be produced using this method.
12.
13. CENTRIFUGAL CASTING
Centrifugal casting is a process that delivers castings of very high material
soundness, and thus is the technology of choice for applications like jet engine
compressor cases, petrochemical furnace tubes, many military products, and
other high-reliability application.
Because of the high g-forces applied to the molten metal in the spinning die, less
dense material, including impurities, “floats” to the I.D. where it is subsequently
removed by machining. Solidification is managed directionally under pressure,
from the O.D. to the I.D., avoiding any mid-wall shrinkage, leaving a defect-free
structure without cavities or gas pockets.
14.
15. SEMI-CENTRIFUGAL CASTING
The molds used can be permanent or expendable, can be stacked as necessary.
The rotational speeds are lower than those used in centrifugal casting.
The center axis of the part has inclusion defects as well as porosity and thus is
suitable only for parts where this can be machined away.
This process is used for making wheels, nozzles and similar parts where the axis of
the part is removed by subsequent machining.
16.
17. CENTRIFUGING
Centrifuging is used for forcing metal from a central axis of the equipment into
individual mold cavities that are placed on the circumference.
This provides a means of increasing the filling pressure within each mold and
allows for reproduction of intricate details.
This method is often used for the pouring of investment casting pattern
18.
19. CONTINUOUS CASTING
Continuous casting, also referred to as strand casting, is a process used in
manufacturing industry to cast a continuous length of metal. Molten metal is cast
through a mold, the casting takes the two dimensional profile of the mold but its
length is indeterminate.
The casting will keep traveling downward, its length increasing with time. New
molten metal is constantly supplied to the mold, at exactly the correct rate, to
keep up with the solidifying casting. Industrial manufacture of continuous castings
is a very precisely calculated operation.
Continuous casting can produce long strands from aluminum and copper, also the
process has been developed for the production of steel
20.
21. ELECTROMAGNETIC CASTING
Electromagnetic Casting (EM forming or magneforming) is a type of high
velocity, cold casting process for electrically conductive metals, most
commonly copper and aluminum.
The workpiece is reshaped by high intensity pulsed magnetic field that induce a
current in the workpiece and a corresponding repulsive magnetic field, rapidly
repelling portions of the workpiece.
The workpiece can be reshaped without any contact from a tool, although in
some instances the piece may be pressed against a die or former