1. The document discusses stresses in thin-walled and thick-walled cylinders. For thin-walled cylinders, the stress is assumed to be uniform throughout the wall. For thick-walled cylinders, the stresses depend on the radius and include circumferential (hoop), radial, and longitudinal stresses.
2. Internally pressurized thick-walled cylinders experience maximum hoop stress and compressive radial stress at the inner surface. The hoop stress decreases and radial stress increases towards zero at the outer surface. Longitudinal stress is uniform across the wall.
3. Externally pressurized thick-walled cylinders experience minimum hoop stress and compressive radial stress at the outer surface
Diseno en ingenieria mecanica de Shigley - 8th ---HDes
descarga el contenido completo de aqui http://paralafakyoumecanismos.blogspot.com.ar/2014/08/libro-para-mecanismos-y-elementos-de.html
Diseno en ingenieria mecanica de Shigley - 8th ---HDes
descarga el contenido completo de aqui http://paralafakyoumecanismos.blogspot.com.ar/2014/08/libro-para-mecanismos-y-elementos-de.html
Diseno en ingenieria mecanica de Shigley - 8th ---HDes
descarga el contenido completo de aqui http://paralafakyoumecanismos.blogspot.com.ar/2014/08/libro-para-mecanismos-y-elementos-de.html
RCC Design notes and Concept of RCC detailingsshoaibgoher1991
RCC is widely used construction materials due its availability and durability. Its a combination of Plane Concrete with Re-inforcing Bar which provides tensile strength to RCC. RCC is weak in tension and for design purposes, the tensile strength of RCC is ignored.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
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COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
Mpe 209 lec 9 Pressized Vessels
1. 1
Thin-Walled Cylinders
(You already covered this in Beer & Johnston.)
A pressurized cylinder is considered to be Thin-Walled if its wall
thickness is less than 2.5% (1/40th) of its inside diameter.
Under these conditions:
1. We assume the stress distribution is uniform throughout the wall
thickness – both in the hoop (circumferential) direction and in the
longitudinal (axial) direction.
2. We assume that the radial stress is negligible.
Then:
Hamrock
Page 246
2
2
θ
θ
σ
σ
σ
=
=
=
t
r
p
Axial
and
t
r
p
Hoop
i
z
i
ACE - Dr Mohamed Elfarran
2. 2
Thin-Walled Cylinder Quiz
Knowing all that you do about pressurized cylinders (i.e., that the
hoop stress is twice the longitudinal stress), which direction would
you predict that these pressurized cylinders will fracture?
B
A
A. Lengthwise due to hoop stress.
B. Crosswise due to axial stress.
C. On a 45°angle due to shear
stress or torque.
C
Stresses in Thick-Walled Cylinders
• Thick-Walled cylinders have a wall thickness greater
than 1/20th of their average radius.
• They are pressurized internally and/or externally.
• The principal stresses are
circumferential (hoop) σc,
radial σr, and
longitudinal (axial) σl.
Hamrock
Section 10.3.2
ri
ro
po
pi
R
σr
σl
σc
ACE - Dr Mohamed Elfarran
3. 3
Circumferential & Radial Stresses
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
/
)
(
)
(
i
o
o
i
o
i
o
o
i
i
r
r
R
r
r
p
p
p
r
p
r
R
−
−
±
−
=
σ
For the general case of both internal and external pressure, the
circumferential and radial stresses at radius R in the wall are:
±
−
= 2
2
2
2
2
1
)
(
R
r
r
r
p
r
R o
i
o
i
i
σ
For the special case of only internal pressure, po = 0, and the
stresses at radius R are:
The sign convention is the same.
Eqns
10.20/10.22
Eqns
10.23/10.24
Where the ± is: + for circumferential, and
- for radial stress.
ri
ro
po
pi
R
σr
σl
σ
σ
σ
σc
Longitudinal Stresses
2
2
2
i
o
i
i
l
r
r
r
p
−
=
σ
The longitudinal stress is simply given by a Force/Area, where
the Force is pi times the circular inside area πri
2 , and the Area is
the annular area of the cylinder cross section, π( ro
2 - ri
2) , or:
This is generally only considered
for the case of internal
pressurization ( po = 0).
Un-numbered Equation
just below Eqn. 10.5
ri
ro
po
pi
R
σr
σl
σc
ACE - Dr Mohamed Elfarran
4. 4
Stresses vs. Radius
First, the easy observation: Radial stresses at the inner and
outer surfaces are equal to minus the pressurization.
• If a surface is unpressurized, the radial stress there is zero.
• If a surface is pressurized, the radial stress there = - p,
because it is in compression.
±
−
= 2
2
2
2
2
1
)
(
R
r
r
r
p
r
R o
i
o
i
i
σ
Now let’s look at an internally pressurized cylinder, and how the
radial and circumferential stresses vary across the wall thickness
at radius R.
( + is circumferential, - is radial )
Eqns
10.23/10.24
ri
ro
p
o
pi
R
σr
σl
σ
σ
σ
σc
Thick-Walled Cylinder with
internal pressure of 5300 psi.
Stresses for Internal Pressurization
( + is hoop, - is radial )
±
−
= 2
2
2
2
2
1
R
r
r
r
p
r o
i
o
i
i
σ
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
16
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Radius (in.)
Stress
(KSI)
RADIAL
STRESS
HOOP STRESS
ACE - Dr Mohamed Elfarran
5. 5
Stresses vs. Radius - Internal Pressure
Radial stress is as predicted:
• -5300 psi at the inner, pressurized surface.
• 0 at the unpressurized outer surface.
Hoop stress is:
• Maximum at the inner surface, 13.9 ksi.
• Lower, but not zero, at the unpressurized
outer surface, 8.5 ksi.
• Larger in magnitude than the radial stress
Longitudinal stress is (trust me):
• 4.3 ksi, considered as a uniform, average
stress across the thickness of the wall.
Now let’s look at an externally pressurized cylinder.
Hoop
Radial
Thick-Walled Cylinder with
external pressure of 5300 psi.
Stresses for External Pressurization
±
−
−
= 2
2
2
2
2
1
R
r
r
r
p
r i
i
o
o
o
σ
( + is hoop, - is radial )
RADIAL STRESS
HOOP STRESS
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
Radius (in.)
Stress
(KSI)
ACE - Dr Mohamed Elfarran
6. 6
Stresses vs. Radius - External Pressure
Radial stress is as predicted:
• 0 at the unpressurized inner surface.
• -5300 psi at the outer, pressurized surface.
Hoop stress is:
• Minimum at the outer surface, -8.9 ksi.
• Maximum at the (unpressurized) inner
surface, -14.2 ksi.
• Larger than the radial stress
Longitudinal stress is:
• Not usually considered for external
pressurization.
Hoop
Radial
ACE - Dr Mohamed Elfarran