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MOVIMIENTOS EN UNA SOLA
DIRECCIÓN
( VERTICALES)
CARACTERÍSTICAS:
• Es un movimiento rectilíneo en dirección
vertical.
• El objeto se deja caer en el vacío.
• Es un movimiento acelerado, con una
aceleración constante hacia abajo debido
a la gravedad.
• La aceleración de gravedad a nivel del
mar y latitud 45º es igual a :
a = - g = - 9,8 m/ s2
• La velocidad inicial del móvil es igual a 0
m/s.
• La posición inicial del móvil es la altura de
lanzamiento.
• El sistema de referencia para la altura es
la altura de donde es lanzado el móvil.
ECUACIONES DE CAÍDA LIBRE
V = velocidad en un instante de tiempo.[ m/s, km/h,
pies/min…]
ℎ= Altura [m, km, pies…]
t = tiempo [s, min, h,…]
g = aceleración de gravedad
g = - 9,8 m/𝑠2
h = Altura donde se encuentra el móvil, medida
desde el piso.[m, km, pies, …]
Como el sistema de referencia se encuentra a la
altura desde donde se lanzó, en ese punto la
velocidad es 0 m/s y y= 0 m por lo tanto hacia abajo
“y “ será negativa y la velocidad también será
negativa según el sistema de referencia establecido
V = g t
𝑉2
= 2 𝑔𝑦
y =
𝑔 𝑡2
2
h = 𝑦𝑜 - 𝑦𝑓
CARACTERÍSTICAS:
- La velocidad inicial es distinto de cero.
- Se conforma de dos movimientos uno es el
lanzamiento vertical hacia arriba y el otro es la caída
libre cuando viene de regreso.
- Actúa la aceleración de gravedad g = - 9,8 m/s2
- En el movimiento hacia arriba , el móvil va
desacelerado hasta llegar al punto más alto donde
su velocidad final se hace V= o m/s.
- En el movimiento hacia abajo el móvil viene en
caída libre.
HACIA ARRIBA
ECUACIONES DEL LANZAMIENTO VERTICAL HACIA ARRIBA
De bajada
V = gt
𝑉2
= 2 𝑔 ℎ
y =
𝑔 𝑡2
2
De subida
V = 𝑉0 + gt
𝑉2
= 𝑉
𝑜
2
+ 2 𝑔 ℎ
y = 𝑦0 + 𝑉0 t +
𝑔 𝑡2
2
Alcanza la altura máxima cuando la velocidad de ascenso llega a cero
𝑦𝑚á𝑥 = -
𝑔 𝑡𝑚á𝑥
2
2
y el tiempo de vuelo 𝑡𝑣 = 2 𝑡𝑚á𝑥

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Movimientos Rectilíneos Verticales

  • 1. MOVIMIENTOS EN UNA SOLA DIRECCIÓN ( VERTICALES)
  • 2. CARACTERÍSTICAS: • Es un movimiento rectilíneo en dirección vertical. • El objeto se deja caer en el vacío. • Es un movimiento acelerado, con una aceleración constante hacia abajo debido a la gravedad. • La aceleración de gravedad a nivel del mar y latitud 45º es igual a : a = - g = - 9,8 m/ s2 • La velocidad inicial del móvil es igual a 0 m/s. • La posición inicial del móvil es la altura de lanzamiento. • El sistema de referencia para la altura es la altura de donde es lanzado el móvil.
  • 3.
  • 4. ECUACIONES DE CAÍDA LIBRE V = velocidad en un instante de tiempo.[ m/s, km/h, pies/min…] ℎ= Altura [m, km, pies…] t = tiempo [s, min, h,…] g = aceleración de gravedad g = - 9,8 m/𝑠2 h = Altura donde se encuentra el móvil, medida desde el piso.[m, km, pies, …] Como el sistema de referencia se encuentra a la altura desde donde se lanzó, en ese punto la velocidad es 0 m/s y y= 0 m por lo tanto hacia abajo “y “ será negativa y la velocidad también será negativa según el sistema de referencia establecido V = g t 𝑉2 = 2 𝑔𝑦 y = 𝑔 𝑡2 2 h = 𝑦𝑜 - 𝑦𝑓
  • 5. CARACTERÍSTICAS: - La velocidad inicial es distinto de cero. - Se conforma de dos movimientos uno es el lanzamiento vertical hacia arriba y el otro es la caída libre cuando viene de regreso. - Actúa la aceleración de gravedad g = - 9,8 m/s2 - En el movimiento hacia arriba , el móvil va desacelerado hasta llegar al punto más alto donde su velocidad final se hace V= o m/s. - En el movimiento hacia abajo el móvil viene en caída libre. HACIA ARRIBA
  • 6. ECUACIONES DEL LANZAMIENTO VERTICAL HACIA ARRIBA De bajada V = gt 𝑉2 = 2 𝑔 ℎ y = 𝑔 𝑡2 2 De subida V = 𝑉0 + gt 𝑉2 = 𝑉 𝑜 2 + 2 𝑔 ℎ y = 𝑦0 + 𝑉0 t + 𝑔 𝑡2 2 Alcanza la altura máxima cuando la velocidad de ascenso llega a cero 𝑦𝑚á𝑥 = - 𝑔 𝑡𝑚á𝑥 2 2 y el tiempo de vuelo 𝑡𝑣 = 2 𝑡𝑚á𝑥