The Industry Overview Model is a tool for visually presenting and comparing a large amount of data in a compact manner.
It takes use of Porter's Diamond, PESTEL, SWOT, forecasting and risk assessment. Presentation and handling of data is based on the GE McKinsey matrix.
Movement of Share Prices and Sectoral Analysis: A Reflection Through Interact...Waqas Tariq
Interaction in graphs gives the user with an advantage to analyze the data in greater depth. With the help of interactive graphics users can get better insight of the data in comparison to the static graphical tools. This paper introduces an interactive graphical tool consisting of two graphs, a line diagram complemented by a boxplot. The line diagram helps to understand how successive values of a variable are related to time and box plot can help the visual comparison of several such variables. Here the line diagram is used to visualize share prices of a company corresponding to a number of days and the boxplot displays the position of the Share price of all companies in a particular sector. An investor in share market needs to consider a number of factors before making any decision about investment. Some of the factors influencing the decision are the performance of the particular security in recent past, its position in terms of share price in its own sector. The graphical technique used in this software tool shall be helpful while making investment decision.
The document discusses the economic impact of rising energy prices on food industries in East Asian countries, with a focus on Malaysia. It presents several published papers and presentations on the topic. The analysis uses input-output tables and models to estimate the aggregate impact on output, sales patterns, and value-added in different sectors. In particular, it calculates sectoral inflation rates based on each sector's share of household expenditure, gross output, and GDP. The case study examines how increased energy prices may affect food industries and their interconnectedness across East Asian economies.
Workers co-determination and industrial productivityserena boccardo
This research proposal aims to explore the impact of codetermination, a form of corporate governance involving worker representation, on firm performance metrics like total factor productivity, efficiency, and growth. While previous research has found mixed results, the proposal will focus on analyzing codetermination's effects within the automotive industry using econometric techniques. The analysis is motivated by debates around balancing employee and shareholder interests through participation models and ensuring sustainable long-term growth.
The document analyzes the impact of internal factors on stock prices of companies listed on the Vietnam stock market from 2011-2015. Using panel data models including fixed effects, random effects and GMM, the analysis found that:
1) Return on equity, book value per share, dividend per share, and firm size had a positive impact on stock price.
2) Dividend yield had a negative impact on stock price.
3) Price earnings and debt to assets ratios did not have a statistically significant impact on stock price.
The results indicate that profitable and well-capitalized companies with higher dividends tend to have higher stock prices, while high dividend yields correspond to lower prices.
Impact of profitability, bank and macroeconomic factors on the market capital...inventionjournals
Panel data has been collected for 44 Middle Eastern banks that are operated during 2005 to 2014 in different Middle Eastern countries. Secondary data has been collected primarily through the DataStream database. The study is conducted to investigate the impact of profitability, bank and macroeconomic factors on the market capitalization of the Middle Eastern banks. Results of Hausman test have explained that fixed effect model is appropriate for the analysis. The result of multiple regression have shown that market capitalization has positive relationship with ROI while negative relationship with credit risk, inflation, and year dummy for the Middle Eastern banks. Furthermore, no relationship has been observed between market capitalization and the ROA, ROE, growth and exchange rate for the Middle Eastern banks.
Sales and Operations Planning: A Business Practice to Align Supply ChainsIJAEMSJORNAL
Purpose:To summarize the existing knowledge in the scientific literature about the relationship between Sales and Operation Planning (S&OP) and alignment of the stakeholder in the supply chains. Design/methodology/approach:Bibliometric research using text mining over 37 selected papers,Scimago Journal Rank Q4 or better. Findings:Our findings suggest that the relationship between S&OP and alignment has rarely been studied in the academic literature. Research limitations:These results indicate the need for more studiesto build a theory for alignment based in Sales in Operations Planning practice. Practical implications: This paper presents a research agenda to close the gap between practice and promise in supply chain management. Paper type:Literature review. Originality/value: This paper makes two specific contributions to the literature. First, It provides an agenda for research in functional alignment in the SupplyChain; and next:promotes the need to capitalize on the advantages offered by text mining in the operations planning field.
Size and operational performance of manufacturing companies in pakistan using...Alexander Decker
This study uses data envelopment analysis to evaluate the efficiency of 49 manufacturing companies in Pakistan from 2008 to 2010. Three inputs (raw materials, staff expenses, and plant/machinery) and two outputs (net sales and earnings after tax) are used. Companies are categorized as large (assets over $100M), medium ($30-100M assets), or small (under $30M assets). The results show that small companies have the highest relative efficiency, and 2 large, 3 medium, and 5 small companies operate at the most productive scale size throughout the period.
SEM Statistical Analyses in Management Strategiesijdms
This paper was to analyse what factors will affect online shoppers’ purchase intention in the e-business environment. This paper discussed a number of conceptual models and following hypotheses. Two typical e-business companies (Alibaba and Amazon) were ideal comparative analysis models. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and the factor analysis were adopted for statistical and empirical analyses. The results showed highly positive correlations among the identified factors. The factors indicated a large innovative performance influence. The factors also verified the huge impact in the sustain ability development. These results may provide some vision on how e-business companies can win a competition and increase their
profit
Movement of Share Prices and Sectoral Analysis: A Reflection Through Interact...Waqas Tariq
Interaction in graphs gives the user with an advantage to analyze the data in greater depth. With the help of interactive graphics users can get better insight of the data in comparison to the static graphical tools. This paper introduces an interactive graphical tool consisting of two graphs, a line diagram complemented by a boxplot. The line diagram helps to understand how successive values of a variable are related to time and box plot can help the visual comparison of several such variables. Here the line diagram is used to visualize share prices of a company corresponding to a number of days and the boxplot displays the position of the Share price of all companies in a particular sector. An investor in share market needs to consider a number of factors before making any decision about investment. Some of the factors influencing the decision are the performance of the particular security in recent past, its position in terms of share price in its own sector. The graphical technique used in this software tool shall be helpful while making investment decision.
The document discusses the economic impact of rising energy prices on food industries in East Asian countries, with a focus on Malaysia. It presents several published papers and presentations on the topic. The analysis uses input-output tables and models to estimate the aggregate impact on output, sales patterns, and value-added in different sectors. In particular, it calculates sectoral inflation rates based on each sector's share of household expenditure, gross output, and GDP. The case study examines how increased energy prices may affect food industries and their interconnectedness across East Asian economies.
Workers co-determination and industrial productivityserena boccardo
This research proposal aims to explore the impact of codetermination, a form of corporate governance involving worker representation, on firm performance metrics like total factor productivity, efficiency, and growth. While previous research has found mixed results, the proposal will focus on analyzing codetermination's effects within the automotive industry using econometric techniques. The analysis is motivated by debates around balancing employee and shareholder interests through participation models and ensuring sustainable long-term growth.
The document analyzes the impact of internal factors on stock prices of companies listed on the Vietnam stock market from 2011-2015. Using panel data models including fixed effects, random effects and GMM, the analysis found that:
1) Return on equity, book value per share, dividend per share, and firm size had a positive impact on stock price.
2) Dividend yield had a negative impact on stock price.
3) Price earnings and debt to assets ratios did not have a statistically significant impact on stock price.
The results indicate that profitable and well-capitalized companies with higher dividends tend to have higher stock prices, while high dividend yields correspond to lower prices.
Impact of profitability, bank and macroeconomic factors on the market capital...inventionjournals
Panel data has been collected for 44 Middle Eastern banks that are operated during 2005 to 2014 in different Middle Eastern countries. Secondary data has been collected primarily through the DataStream database. The study is conducted to investigate the impact of profitability, bank and macroeconomic factors on the market capitalization of the Middle Eastern banks. Results of Hausman test have explained that fixed effect model is appropriate for the analysis. The result of multiple regression have shown that market capitalization has positive relationship with ROI while negative relationship with credit risk, inflation, and year dummy for the Middle Eastern banks. Furthermore, no relationship has been observed between market capitalization and the ROA, ROE, growth and exchange rate for the Middle Eastern banks.
Sales and Operations Planning: A Business Practice to Align Supply ChainsIJAEMSJORNAL
Purpose:To summarize the existing knowledge in the scientific literature about the relationship between Sales and Operation Planning (S&OP) and alignment of the stakeholder in the supply chains. Design/methodology/approach:Bibliometric research using text mining over 37 selected papers,Scimago Journal Rank Q4 or better. Findings:Our findings suggest that the relationship between S&OP and alignment has rarely been studied in the academic literature. Research limitations:These results indicate the need for more studiesto build a theory for alignment based in Sales in Operations Planning practice. Practical implications: This paper presents a research agenda to close the gap between practice and promise in supply chain management. Paper type:Literature review. Originality/value: This paper makes two specific contributions to the literature. First, It provides an agenda for research in functional alignment in the SupplyChain; and next:promotes the need to capitalize on the advantages offered by text mining in the operations planning field.
Size and operational performance of manufacturing companies in pakistan using...Alexander Decker
This study uses data envelopment analysis to evaluate the efficiency of 49 manufacturing companies in Pakistan from 2008 to 2010. Three inputs (raw materials, staff expenses, and plant/machinery) and two outputs (net sales and earnings after tax) are used. Companies are categorized as large (assets over $100M), medium ($30-100M assets), or small (under $30M assets). The results show that small companies have the highest relative efficiency, and 2 large, 3 medium, and 5 small companies operate at the most productive scale size throughout the period.
SEM Statistical Analyses in Management Strategiesijdms
This paper was to analyse what factors will affect online shoppers’ purchase intention in the e-business environment. This paper discussed a number of conceptual models and following hypotheses. Two typical e-business companies (Alibaba and Amazon) were ideal comparative analysis models. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and the factor analysis were adopted for statistical and empirical analyses. The results showed highly positive correlations among the identified factors. The factors indicated a large innovative performance influence. The factors also verified the huge impact in the sustain ability development. These results may provide some vision on how e-business companies can win a competition and increase their
profit
Impacts of Productive Development Programs at the Firm Level in BrazilMauricio Carneiro
This document provides context for an evaluation of productive development programs (PDPs) supported by the IDB Group in Brazil. It discusses the IDB Group's extensive portfolio supporting PDPs through different approaches, including productive finance, business consulting, value chains, innovation, and exports. The evaluation aims to assess the impact of these various approaches on firm-level outcomes like productivity, employment, wages, and exports using Brazilian firm-level data. It seeks to inform future strategic decisions around supporting productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Effect of social capital on agribusiness diversification intention in the eme...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
This is the first study to explore the comprehensive effect of the facets of social capital on behavioral intention through behavioral goals and determinants of the TPB under the premises of the RBV. The findings will help emerging economies, for example, Vietnam, where most farmers are family business owners or microscaled entrepreneurs in agriculture.
A Quantitative Analysis of Indian Banks’ Performance and Efficiency-A Panel R...Saurabh Trivedi
In this report, an attempt has been made to analyze the effects of various internal factors and the effect of ownership structure on the profitability and the efficiency of a bank. The methodology used for the analysis is that of Panel Regression which becomes relevant when there are data for a period of time for each of the units being considered and thus, becomes readily applicable to the present case because for the banks that have been considered in this paper, the data on the relevant variables are available for several years
This document discusses 5 major challenges facing financial services modelling functions in Europe: 1) The modelling scope is expanding with more models required, 2) Fully harmonized methodologies across institutions and business units are imperative for transparency and cost reduction, 3) Modelling structures need to become more efficient to reduce costs, 4) Modelling governance needs to be broadened, and 5) Emerging data and techniques allow for model innovations. It provides implications for banks, outlining a 5-point plan for banks to develop a comprehensive model review, harmonize methodologies, redesign validation processes, rethink governance, and build new expertise in data science to address these challenges. The plan aims to reduce total model count by 15% and associated
Determinants of stock prices in dhaka stock exchange (dse),Alexander Decker
This study aimed to identify the major determinants of stock prices on the Dhaka Stock Exchange in Bangladesh. The researchers analyzed panel data from 2006-2010 for five sectors: Food and Allied, Fuel and Power, Engineering, Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals, and Healthcare. Their results found that dividend, price-earnings ratio, and leverage were significant determinants of share prices across all sectors. Profitability also influenced share prices for the Food and Allied, Engineering, and Healthcare sectors. The researchers used the fully modified ordinary least squares method to account for time series properties in the panel data.
Assessing Information System Integration Using Combination of the Readiness a...journalBEEI
Information system integration (ISI) is one of the development concerns for organizations to enhance business competitiveness. However, the implementations still present its failures. Despite the ISI may successful technically; but it still seems to be unsuccessful because of the human and management issues. The issues may relate to the readiness constructs of ISI. This study was aimed to know the status of the readiness and success of ISI and to assess the influential factors of the integration in the sampled institution. About 160 samples were purposely involved by considering their key informant characteristics. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The findings revealed only the user satisfaction variable that mediated the positive effects of the readiness variables towards variable of the system integration success. Besides, the findings may practically helpful for stakeholders in the sampled institution, but it may also theoretically useful for researchers in regard to the readiness and success issues of ISI.
This document describes the development of a nanotechnology module within an engineering economics course. The module uses financial statements from small nanotechnology companies listed on NASDAQ to design valuation problems for students. Three sample problems are provided using income statement data from real companies. The goals of the module are to introduce students to nanotechnology from an economic perspective and help them understand the future potential and risks of nanotechnology startups. Future work includes collecting additional financial data to allow for more comprehensive benefit-cost analyses. The module was implemented in Fall 2011 with positive student feedback.
Double Performance Prism: innovation performance Measurement systems for manu...AM Publications
No performance measurement system currently takes into account the innovator dilemma which consists of the necessity of balancing between the exploratory and exploitative innovation activities. This balance remains a major challenge in innovation management. Although small and medium enterprises account for 95% of firms in developed countries, according to Web of Science database, only 1.5% of research papers on innovation and 0.5% of research papers on performance measurement focus on small and medium enterprises. Drawing on the Performance Prism of Andy Neely, this paper develops an innovation performance measurement system for manufacturing small and medium enterprises in order to achieve a balance of exploration and exploitation activities. This model, known as the Double Performance Prism, is based on stakeholder theory. It considers innovation as a solution to customers’ expressed and observed needs. It has been implemented in two manufacturing small and medium enterprises. As key results, an innovation success map and a 10-indicator Innovation Scoreboard emerged from the research and implementation. The aim of these results is to foster the development of an ambidextrous organization. Further quantitative studies will be necessary to validate the proposed innovation map.
"Agent-Based Service Analytics" by Dr. Yang Li李杨 Dr Yang Li
The first paper that describes the new concept on agent-based service analytics, published in the Encyclopedia of Business Analytics and Optimisation (2014 Edition).
The Destruction of Price-RepresentativenessAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The development of industry 4.0 and e-commerce destroy the traditional mechanism of price
determination, the rigidity of supply in the short run and the idea of price representativeness. Industry 4.0 has
changed the traditional view of price formation. Firms know the individual purchasing history of customers.
Firms can extract the reserve price for each individual due to big data. Price is no more the encounter of supply
and demand, but it is determinated considering the maximum amount that individuals can pay. The combination
of data, dynamic pricing and price discrimination has destroyed one of the pillars of the mainstream economics:
price representativeness. Dynamic pricing is the ability to change prices. Price discrimination is the ability to
apply different prices for different customers for the same product or service.
This document provides model question bank solutions for Managerial Economics. It covers key concepts like demand, elasticity of demand, and the responsibilities of a managerial economist. Specifically:
1. It defines demand, derived demand, and income elasticity of demand.
2. It states that a managerial economist is responsible for achieving organizational objectives with limited resources and optimizing resource use.
3. It describes the nature and scope of managerial economics, including its relationship to microeconomics, its normative approach, and its focus on aiding management decisions.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ANALYSIS OF CORRELATION RELATIONSHIPS BASED ON E...IAEME Publication
Clear economic activity management is one of the most essential aspects of any
company’s stable financial standing under contemporary conditions. Economic
activity management at a company is impossible without an in-depth and detailed
study of all the processes related to it. Analytics is of paramount importance for
managing a company’s settlement system.
This article is devoted to analyzing of correlations/correlation relationships
analysis methods based on economic statistics. The correlation analysis is used to
measure the strength of a relationship between variables and to evaluate the factors
that affect the result attribute the most, which distinguishes it from regression analysis
used to select the relationship form, model type, to determine rated values of the result
attribute. The regression and correlation analysis methods are used holistically. Pair
correlation aimed at studying correlations of a factor attribute and a result attribute
can be regarded as the most developed theoretically and used in practice. Such study
is called single-factor correlation and regression analysis used as the basis for
studying multi-factor stochastic relationships. The article also examines the approach
This document provides an analysis of Smurfit Kappa, an Irish paper packaging company. It discusses Smurfit Kappa's external environment through a PESTLE analysis and Porter's Five Forces framework. It also analyzes Smurfit Kappa's internal environment using SWOT, TOWS, and VRIN analyses. The document aims to evaluate Smurfit Kappa's current strategies and provide recommendations to help guide their future strategies for continued growth in Europe.
Enterprise Firewall Market - Outlook (2017-21)ResearchFox
Businesses today, irrespective of their size are growing cautious and more serious about the data related threats or attacks. This has prompted them to implement firewall solutions that can negate any kind of network related attacks. Hence, the market for enterprise firewall solutions is expected to surge forward in the coming years. The market for Enterprise Firewall solution is catching up and this report provides deep insights on how the market is expected to fare in the next five years. It also presents interpretative and easy-to-understand facts on how the current Enterprise Firewall market is segmented based on the deployment type, the major verticals that have been implementing these, the end-user group of these firewall solutions and based on the geographic regions
Cloud Computing Adoption for SMEs Challenges, Barriers and OuWilheminaRossi174
Cloud Computing Adoption for SMEs: Challenges, Barriers and Outcomes by Mojtaba Akbari
from [email protected] is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. UMGC has modified this work and it is available under the
original license.
19
3 MIGRATION OF SMES TO CLOUD
3.1 Introduction
Information Technology has become a crucially important part of the today’s business
world impacting almost all industries and sectors. Small and Medium Enterprises
(SMEs) on the other hand are considered as a vital element of the global economy.
Due to the specific requirements and characteristics of smaller organizations (such as
number of employees and budget) compared to larger corporates, the attitude of the
SMEs towards new IT technologies are normally more conservative than that of their
bigger counterparts. This chapter provides a definition of an SME, and describes the
characteristics that distinguish them from large enterprises. Then existing research
studies addressing the factors that influence adoption of new IT technologies by SMEs
are reviewed. Subsequently, the chapter focuses on cloud technology, and reviews
existing research studies that have been specifically discussing adaptation of cloud
computing by SMEs.
3.2 Definition of Sm all and Medium E nterprises
Small and Medium Enterprise (SME), also known as Small and Medium Business
(SMB), is a term used to describe companies with the number of employees below a
certain threshold. While the term ‘SME’ is more common within the European Union
and is used by major international organizations, such as, the United Nations (UN) and
the World Bank, SMB is more frequently used in United States (Georgios et al., 2001).
Until very recently, the definition of SME was different amongst various European
countries. For example, in Germany any company with a total headcount of less than
255 people was considered as an SME while this limit was 100 in Belgium or Greece
for example (Georgios et al., 2001). In 2011, the European Commission decided to
adopt a unified definition for SMEs. Within this perspective, SMEs are classified to
three categories of 1) micro-entities that are companies with less than 10 employees,
2) small companies with up to 50 headcounts and finally 3) medium-sized companies
are considered those which less than 250 permanent employees. From the financial
perspective, an SME can be defined as an enterprise with the revenue of €10-50
million. The definition is not very straightforward in US as it depends on different
criteria, such as, the industry, ownership structure and revenue.
20
3.3 Characteristics of SMEs
The traditional view of SMEs was that they are in fact the same as the bigger
companies with only difference in size. However, it is currently a well-known fact that
the very size constraints of the SMEs make them distinct from their larger
counterpa ...
Sheet1INT 601 Market Research ProjectStudent Name SYBIL NNADIey n.docxmaoanderton
Sheet1INT 601 Market Research ProjectStudent Name: SYBIL NNADIey nodo they offer financingnowhat is their to vehiclemarket sharenocunsumer groupsCompetitorsAffinity AnalysisSales ForecastingDatabase marketingMerchandise PlanningCard MarketingCall Detail Record AnalysisCustomer LoyaltyMarket SegmentationProduct ProductionWarrantiesUnderstand the CompetionUnderstand BenefitsCreate FrameworkCurrent TRENDS(Hair, 2008)FordVolkswagenHondaGeneral MotorsSubaru NissanHyundaiChevroletLexusMazda
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Sheet1INT 601 Market Research ProjectStudent Name: SYBIL NNADICompetitorsAffinity AnalysisSales ForecastingDatabase marketingMerchandise PlanningCard MarketingCall Detail Record AnalysisCustomer LoyaltyMarket SegmentationProduct ProductionWarrantiesUnderstand the CompetionUnderstand BenefitsCreate FrameworkSelect TargetsCurrent TRENDS(Hair, 2008)FordVolkswagenHondaGeneral MotorsSubaru NissanHyundaiChevroletLexusMazda
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Sheet1INT 601 Market Research ProjectStudent Name:CompetitorsFactor 1Factor 2Factor 3Factor 4Factor 5Factor 6Factor 7Factor 8Factor 9Factor 10Factor 11Factor 12Factor 13Factor 14Factor 15Source of Data
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Market Research Section
For this assignment, you will create a market database for your company. You will need to find at least 10 competitors in the country market that you will operate your business. Remember to search for competitors using SIC, NAICS, or SITC codes to ensure that you have direct competitors.
You will then identify 15 factors to collect data. Decide on factors that will allow you to gain a competitive view of the market and help you determine your strategy in the marketplace. You should consider both primary and secondary sources for gathering the information. Do not forget that government websites can provide some information that can assist you. Be sure to identify the source of the information on the worksheet.
Finally, write a one-page assessment of what you have gained from the data collected that will assist you in creating an entrepreneurial venture in the chosen country.
INT 601: Market Research
Final Project: Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
The final project for this course is the creation of a global business plan. Based on the knowledge obtained in this course and previous coursework, you will examine the entire process of entrepreneurial activities in the global arena, including fundamentals and identifying opportunities, evaluation and risk management, mobilizing resources, managing contingencies and changing contexts, and growth, harvesting, and the exiting of businesses. You will create an international business plan for a product to be introduced into a foreign country either as a new product or as an extension of a product by an existing company. You may complete the project individually or as a team of no more than two to three people. You will have access to a group area with your group members and instructor to discuss, edit, and lay out project details. If wor.
Value proposition of analytics in P&C insuranceGregg Barrett
The document provides an overview of the value of analytics in the property and casualty (P&C) insurance industry. It discusses the challenges facing the industry and how analytics can help insurers address these challenges. The document is divided into six sections that cover topics such as the impact of analytics across the insurance life cycle, the value of data and analytics, and considerations for implementing analytics and managing big data. Organizations that effectively adopt analytics are shown to achieve greater growth and returns. While analytics provides opportunities, the document also notes challenges such as developing a data-driven culture and addressing privacy and ethical issues that can arise from certain data collection and analytic practices.
Project Plans Each student will submit two project plan.docxwkyra78
This document provides information and instructions for two project plans assignments. Students are required to submit an initial draft project plan in Module 2 and a final project plan in Module 3. The draft plan must include elements covered in Modules 1 and 2, while the final plan needs all elements from all three modules. Examples of possible individual or group projects are provided. The plans will be graded based on criteria such as content, organization, mechanics, and originality.
Dissertation Part 2 - Academic DiscussionWill Scott
This document provides a summary and analysis of IBM PowerNet's business strategy of partnering with small independent software vendors (ISVs) to develop and sell software and hardware solutions. The strategy targets "white space" customers who have not purchased from IBM in the past 3 years. While revenue increased steadily until 2009, it declined that year due in part to the economic downturn and lack of marketing materials. IBM PowerNet produced new marketing materials, aiming to continue the strategy of engaging new customers and ISVs. The document evaluates whether this strategy is sustainable by analyzing academic literature on strategic capabilities, value-added business partnerships, external market analysis, threats to sustainability, and marketing strategies. It assesses factors like pricing, relationships, value creation
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Chapter 4
External Environmental Analysis
Belinda Images / SuperStock
Learning Objectives
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By the time you have completed this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
Conduct an industry and competitive analysis and understand why it is important.
Conduct a market analysis and understand why it is important.
Scan the general environment for any changes or trends that might favor or adversely affect the
company.
An analysis of the external environment covers the industry or segment in which the company competes, its competitors, markets, and other
relevant environmental trends and changes. The purpose is to understand how the environment relevant to the company is changing and
might change in the future --in this sense, "relevant" means anything the company might affect or could be affected by. Without such an
understanding, doing strategic planning becomes much more dif�icult.
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Assembling a group of knowledgeable people can be very
helpful when performing an industry analysis.
Ryan McVay/Photodisc/Thinkstock
4.1 Industry and Competitive Analysis
An industry analysis is the study of a �irm's industry and the forces that might be causing it to change. It involves using a number of standard
but indispensable tools, including Porter's �ive-forces model, industry attractiveness (part of the GE Matrix), driving forces, critical-success
factor analysis, and strategic groups, all discussed in this chapter. Because the ways in which an industry changes can dramatically affect the
decisions a company makes, an industry analysis has become a key element in strategic planning.
The word industry in "industry analysis" can mean a segment of a larger
industry or the industry itself. If a company manufactures disk drives for
personal computers, for example, it could say that it competes in the disk-
drive industry for purposes of doing a strategic analysis, even though that is
really a segment of the computer industry. What we are really analyzing is the
arena in which the company competes.
One thing to keep in mind when conducting an industry analysis is to write
down what is true for the industry, not for the company under analysis.
Sometimes industry data are easy to obtain because they are regularly
published or because trade groups or consulting �irms keep tabs on industry
statistics. However, many industries are not tracked by any group, or they
consist largely ...
Impacts of Productive Development Programs at the Firm Level in BrazilMauricio Carneiro
This document provides context for an evaluation of productive development programs (PDPs) supported by the IDB Group in Brazil. It discusses the IDB Group's extensive portfolio supporting PDPs through different approaches, including productive finance, business consulting, value chains, innovation, and exports. The evaluation aims to assess the impact of these various approaches on firm-level outcomes like productivity, employment, wages, and exports using Brazilian firm-level data. It seeks to inform future strategic decisions around supporting productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Effect of social capital on agribusiness diversification intention in the eme...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
This is the first study to explore the comprehensive effect of the facets of social capital on behavioral intention through behavioral goals and determinants of the TPB under the premises of the RBV. The findings will help emerging economies, for example, Vietnam, where most farmers are family business owners or microscaled entrepreneurs in agriculture.
A Quantitative Analysis of Indian Banks’ Performance and Efficiency-A Panel R...Saurabh Trivedi
In this report, an attempt has been made to analyze the effects of various internal factors and the effect of ownership structure on the profitability and the efficiency of a bank. The methodology used for the analysis is that of Panel Regression which becomes relevant when there are data for a period of time for each of the units being considered and thus, becomes readily applicable to the present case because for the banks that have been considered in this paper, the data on the relevant variables are available for several years
This document discusses 5 major challenges facing financial services modelling functions in Europe: 1) The modelling scope is expanding with more models required, 2) Fully harmonized methodologies across institutions and business units are imperative for transparency and cost reduction, 3) Modelling structures need to become more efficient to reduce costs, 4) Modelling governance needs to be broadened, and 5) Emerging data and techniques allow for model innovations. It provides implications for banks, outlining a 5-point plan for banks to develop a comprehensive model review, harmonize methodologies, redesign validation processes, rethink governance, and build new expertise in data science to address these challenges. The plan aims to reduce total model count by 15% and associated
Determinants of stock prices in dhaka stock exchange (dse),Alexander Decker
This study aimed to identify the major determinants of stock prices on the Dhaka Stock Exchange in Bangladesh. The researchers analyzed panel data from 2006-2010 for five sectors: Food and Allied, Fuel and Power, Engineering, Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals, and Healthcare. Their results found that dividend, price-earnings ratio, and leverage were significant determinants of share prices across all sectors. Profitability also influenced share prices for the Food and Allied, Engineering, and Healthcare sectors. The researchers used the fully modified ordinary least squares method to account for time series properties in the panel data.
Assessing Information System Integration Using Combination of the Readiness a...journalBEEI
Information system integration (ISI) is one of the development concerns for organizations to enhance business competitiveness. However, the implementations still present its failures. Despite the ISI may successful technically; but it still seems to be unsuccessful because of the human and management issues. The issues may relate to the readiness constructs of ISI. This study was aimed to know the status of the readiness and success of ISI and to assess the influential factors of the integration in the sampled institution. About 160 samples were purposely involved by considering their key informant characteristics. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The findings revealed only the user satisfaction variable that mediated the positive effects of the readiness variables towards variable of the system integration success. Besides, the findings may practically helpful for stakeholders in the sampled institution, but it may also theoretically useful for researchers in regard to the readiness and success issues of ISI.
This document describes the development of a nanotechnology module within an engineering economics course. The module uses financial statements from small nanotechnology companies listed on NASDAQ to design valuation problems for students. Three sample problems are provided using income statement data from real companies. The goals of the module are to introduce students to nanotechnology from an economic perspective and help them understand the future potential and risks of nanotechnology startups. Future work includes collecting additional financial data to allow for more comprehensive benefit-cost analyses. The module was implemented in Fall 2011 with positive student feedback.
Double Performance Prism: innovation performance Measurement systems for manu...AM Publications
No performance measurement system currently takes into account the innovator dilemma which consists of the necessity of balancing between the exploratory and exploitative innovation activities. This balance remains a major challenge in innovation management. Although small and medium enterprises account for 95% of firms in developed countries, according to Web of Science database, only 1.5% of research papers on innovation and 0.5% of research papers on performance measurement focus on small and medium enterprises. Drawing on the Performance Prism of Andy Neely, this paper develops an innovation performance measurement system for manufacturing small and medium enterprises in order to achieve a balance of exploration and exploitation activities. This model, known as the Double Performance Prism, is based on stakeholder theory. It considers innovation as a solution to customers’ expressed and observed needs. It has been implemented in two manufacturing small and medium enterprises. As key results, an innovation success map and a 10-indicator Innovation Scoreboard emerged from the research and implementation. The aim of these results is to foster the development of an ambidextrous organization. Further quantitative studies will be necessary to validate the proposed innovation map.
"Agent-Based Service Analytics" by Dr. Yang Li李杨 Dr Yang Li
The first paper that describes the new concept on agent-based service analytics, published in the Encyclopedia of Business Analytics and Optimisation (2014 Edition).
The Destruction of Price-RepresentativenessAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The development of industry 4.0 and e-commerce destroy the traditional mechanism of price
determination, the rigidity of supply in the short run and the idea of price representativeness. Industry 4.0 has
changed the traditional view of price formation. Firms know the individual purchasing history of customers.
Firms can extract the reserve price for each individual due to big data. Price is no more the encounter of supply
and demand, but it is determinated considering the maximum amount that individuals can pay. The combination
of data, dynamic pricing and price discrimination has destroyed one of the pillars of the mainstream economics:
price representativeness. Dynamic pricing is the ability to change prices. Price discrimination is the ability to
apply different prices for different customers for the same product or service.
This document provides model question bank solutions for Managerial Economics. It covers key concepts like demand, elasticity of demand, and the responsibilities of a managerial economist. Specifically:
1. It defines demand, derived demand, and income elasticity of demand.
2. It states that a managerial economist is responsible for achieving organizational objectives with limited resources and optimizing resource use.
3. It describes the nature and scope of managerial economics, including its relationship to microeconomics, its normative approach, and its focus on aiding management decisions.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ANALYSIS OF CORRELATION RELATIONSHIPS BASED ON E...IAEME Publication
Clear economic activity management is one of the most essential aspects of any
company’s stable financial standing under contemporary conditions. Economic
activity management at a company is impossible without an in-depth and detailed
study of all the processes related to it. Analytics is of paramount importance for
managing a company’s settlement system.
This article is devoted to analyzing of correlations/correlation relationships
analysis methods based on economic statistics. The correlation analysis is used to
measure the strength of a relationship between variables and to evaluate the factors
that affect the result attribute the most, which distinguishes it from regression analysis
used to select the relationship form, model type, to determine rated values of the result
attribute. The regression and correlation analysis methods are used holistically. Pair
correlation aimed at studying correlations of a factor attribute and a result attribute
can be regarded as the most developed theoretically and used in practice. Such study
is called single-factor correlation and regression analysis used as the basis for
studying multi-factor stochastic relationships. The article also examines the approach
This document provides an analysis of Smurfit Kappa, an Irish paper packaging company. It discusses Smurfit Kappa's external environment through a PESTLE analysis and Porter's Five Forces framework. It also analyzes Smurfit Kappa's internal environment using SWOT, TOWS, and VRIN analyses. The document aims to evaluate Smurfit Kappa's current strategies and provide recommendations to help guide their future strategies for continued growth in Europe.
Enterprise Firewall Market - Outlook (2017-21)ResearchFox
Businesses today, irrespective of their size are growing cautious and more serious about the data related threats or attacks. This has prompted them to implement firewall solutions that can negate any kind of network related attacks. Hence, the market for enterprise firewall solutions is expected to surge forward in the coming years. The market for Enterprise Firewall solution is catching up and this report provides deep insights on how the market is expected to fare in the next five years. It also presents interpretative and easy-to-understand facts on how the current Enterprise Firewall market is segmented based on the deployment type, the major verticals that have been implementing these, the end-user group of these firewall solutions and based on the geographic regions
Cloud Computing Adoption for SMEs Challenges, Barriers and OuWilheminaRossi174
Cloud Computing Adoption for SMEs: Challenges, Barriers and Outcomes by Mojtaba Akbari
from [email protected] is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. UMGC has modified this work and it is available under the
original license.
19
3 MIGRATION OF SMES TO CLOUD
3.1 Introduction
Information Technology has become a crucially important part of the today’s business
world impacting almost all industries and sectors. Small and Medium Enterprises
(SMEs) on the other hand are considered as a vital element of the global economy.
Due to the specific requirements and characteristics of smaller organizations (such as
number of employees and budget) compared to larger corporates, the attitude of the
SMEs towards new IT technologies are normally more conservative than that of their
bigger counterparts. This chapter provides a definition of an SME, and describes the
characteristics that distinguish them from large enterprises. Then existing research
studies addressing the factors that influence adoption of new IT technologies by SMEs
are reviewed. Subsequently, the chapter focuses on cloud technology, and reviews
existing research studies that have been specifically discussing adaptation of cloud
computing by SMEs.
3.2 Definition of Sm all and Medium E nterprises
Small and Medium Enterprise (SME), also known as Small and Medium Business
(SMB), is a term used to describe companies with the number of employees below a
certain threshold. While the term ‘SME’ is more common within the European Union
and is used by major international organizations, such as, the United Nations (UN) and
the World Bank, SMB is more frequently used in United States (Georgios et al., 2001).
Until very recently, the definition of SME was different amongst various European
countries. For example, in Germany any company with a total headcount of less than
255 people was considered as an SME while this limit was 100 in Belgium or Greece
for example (Georgios et al., 2001). In 2011, the European Commission decided to
adopt a unified definition for SMEs. Within this perspective, SMEs are classified to
three categories of 1) micro-entities that are companies with less than 10 employees,
2) small companies with up to 50 headcounts and finally 3) medium-sized companies
are considered those which less than 250 permanent employees. From the financial
perspective, an SME can be defined as an enterprise with the revenue of €10-50
million. The definition is not very straightforward in US as it depends on different
criteria, such as, the industry, ownership structure and revenue.
20
3.3 Characteristics of SMEs
The traditional view of SMEs was that they are in fact the same as the bigger
companies with only difference in size. However, it is currently a well-known fact that
the very size constraints of the SMEs make them distinct from their larger
counterpa ...
Sheet1INT 601 Market Research ProjectStudent Name SYBIL NNADIey n.docxmaoanderton
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Market Research Section
For this assignment, you will create a market database for your company. You will need to find at least 10 competitors in the country market that you will operate your business. Remember to search for competitors using SIC, NAICS, or SITC codes to ensure that you have direct competitors.
You will then identify 15 factors to collect data. Decide on factors that will allow you to gain a competitive view of the market and help you determine your strategy in the marketplace. You should consider both primary and secondary sources for gathering the information. Do not forget that government websites can provide some information that can assist you. Be sure to identify the source of the information on the worksheet.
Finally, write a one-page assessment of what you have gained from the data collected that will assist you in creating an entrepreneurial venture in the chosen country.
INT 601: Market Research
Final Project: Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
The final project for this course is the creation of a global business plan. Based on the knowledge obtained in this course and previous coursework, you will examine the entire process of entrepreneurial activities in the global arena, including fundamentals and identifying opportunities, evaluation and risk management, mobilizing resources, managing contingencies and changing contexts, and growth, harvesting, and the exiting of businesses. You will create an international business plan for a product to be introduced into a foreign country either as a new product or as an extension of a product by an existing company. You may complete the project individually or as a team of no more than two to three people. You will have access to a group area with your group members and instructor to discuss, edit, and lay out project details. If wor.
Value proposition of analytics in P&C insuranceGregg Barrett
The document provides an overview of the value of analytics in the property and casualty (P&C) insurance industry. It discusses the challenges facing the industry and how analytics can help insurers address these challenges. The document is divided into six sections that cover topics such as the impact of analytics across the insurance life cycle, the value of data and analytics, and considerations for implementing analytics and managing big data. Organizations that effectively adopt analytics are shown to achieve greater growth and returns. While analytics provides opportunities, the document also notes challenges such as developing a data-driven culture and addressing privacy and ethical issues that can arise from certain data collection and analytic practices.
Project Plans Each student will submit two project plan.docxwkyra78
This document provides information and instructions for two project plans assignments. Students are required to submit an initial draft project plan in Module 2 and a final project plan in Module 3. The draft plan must include elements covered in Modules 1 and 2, while the final plan needs all elements from all three modules. Examples of possible individual or group projects are provided. The plans will be graded based on criteria such as content, organization, mechanics, and originality.
Dissertation Part 2 - Academic DiscussionWill Scott
This document provides a summary and analysis of IBM PowerNet's business strategy of partnering with small independent software vendors (ISVs) to develop and sell software and hardware solutions. The strategy targets "white space" customers who have not purchased from IBM in the past 3 years. While revenue increased steadily until 2009, it declined that year due in part to the economic downturn and lack of marketing materials. IBM PowerNet produced new marketing materials, aiming to continue the strategy of engaging new customers and ISVs. The document evaluates whether this strategy is sustainable by analyzing academic literature on strategic capabilities, value-added business partnerships, external market analysis, threats to sustainability, and marketing strategies. It assesses factors like pricing, relationships, value creation
1/9/2018 Print
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Chapter 4
External Environmental Analysis
Belinda Images / SuperStock
Learning Objectives
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By the time you have completed this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
Conduct an industry and competitive analysis and understand why it is important.
Conduct a market analysis and understand why it is important.
Scan the general environment for any changes or trends that might favor or adversely affect the
company.
An analysis of the external environment covers the industry or segment in which the company competes, its competitors, markets, and other
relevant environmental trends and changes. The purpose is to understand how the environment relevant to the company is changing and
might change in the future --in this sense, "relevant" means anything the company might affect or could be affected by. Without such an
understanding, doing strategic planning becomes much more dif�icult.
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Assembling a group of knowledgeable people can be very
helpful when performing an industry analysis.
Ryan McVay/Photodisc/Thinkstock
4.1 Industry and Competitive Analysis
An industry analysis is the study of a �irm's industry and the forces that might be causing it to change. It involves using a number of standard
but indispensable tools, including Porter's �ive-forces model, industry attractiveness (part of the GE Matrix), driving forces, critical-success
factor analysis, and strategic groups, all discussed in this chapter. Because the ways in which an industry changes can dramatically affect the
decisions a company makes, an industry analysis has become a key element in strategic planning.
The word industry in "industry analysis" can mean a segment of a larger
industry or the industry itself. If a company manufactures disk drives for
personal computers, for example, it could say that it competes in the disk-
drive industry for purposes of doing a strategic analysis, even though that is
really a segment of the computer industry. What we are really analyzing is the
arena in which the company competes.
One thing to keep in mind when conducting an industry analysis is to write
down what is true for the industry, not for the company under analysis.
Sometimes industry data are easy to obtain because they are regularly
published or because trade groups or consulting �irms keep tabs on industry
statistics. However, many industries are not tracked by any group, or they
consist largely ...
The document summarizes a research report about the global bubble wrap packaging market. It provides key details about the market size, growth rate, segmentation, major players, regions covered, and research methodology. Specifically:
- The global bubble wrap packaging market was valued at approximately $1.4 billion in 2018 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3% through 2029.
- The market is segmented by product, material, end-use industry, and region. Major players mentioned include Lanxess AG, Omniverse Foster Packaging Group, Inflatable Packaging, Inc., and Free-Flow Packaging International, Inc.
- The report covers regions such as Oceania, Latin
Cloud Storage Gateway Market - Outlook (2017-21)ResearchFox
This document provides an overview and analysis of the cloud storage gateway market from 2017 to 2021. It discusses key topics like market segmentation based on region, end user, and industry vertical. It also examines market drivers, constraints, opportunities, and challenges. ResearchFox conducted primary and secondary research including interviews with industry experts to understand the current state of the cloud storage gateway market and forecast future trends and growth. The Asia Pacific region is expected to see higher growth while North America currently has the largest market share. Financial services firms are major adopters of the technology.
50 weightageInternationalisation of BusinessIndividual essa.docxalinainglis
This document provides guidance for an individual essay assignment assessing internationalization of business. It outlines the requirements for selecting and analyzing a multinational corporation (MNC) that has invested in another country. The analysis must include: 1) key data on the MNC, 2) analysis of one factor from the host country influencing internationalization, 3) explanation of the MNC's foreign entry strategies using academic sources, and 4) discussion of the MNC's contributions to and focus areas in the host country in line with UN Global Compact Principles. The assignment aims to integrate international business theories and assess analytical skills relating to foreign market entry strategies.
1. The document describes a case study applying the Shortened Systematic Strategic Planning (SSP) methodology to develop a strategic plan for an entrepreneurial business called Visual Co.
2. The SSP methodology involves 6 steps: investigating the current status through internal and environmental analysis, identifying competitive advantages, understanding scenarios and opportunities, setting strategic objectives and goals, developing alternative strategies, and creating an implementation plan.
3. The case study walks through applying each step of the SSP methodology to Visual Co., including conducting an internal functional analysis to identify strengths and weaknesses, performing a macroeconomic analysis of external factors, and identifying Visual Co.'s competitive advantages.
This document provides an expert study on the future of the Thai automotive industry in 2022. It begins with an introduction to the importance of the Thai automotive market and industry. The study is divided into three parts: research methodology, projections, and results of a Delphi study with industry experts. A framework is presented that structures the analysis around political, economic, social, technological, and regional factors. Twenty projections are developed according to this framework to forecast how the Thai automotive industry may develop by 2022. The projections cover topics like the value chain, car buyers and society trends, infrastructure, and competitiveness compared to other ASEAN countries.
1. Statement of Course ObjectivesThe objective of the Directed.docxgasciognecaren
1. Statement of Course Objectives
The objective of the Directed Readings is to provide an organized and systematic study and research arrangement. This arrangement is expected to facilitate completion of course goals, and to add valuable experience for the student's career.
The main focus of the research will be … some introduction, motivation.
In this project, I will analyze … I will also analyze …
At the end of this project, I hope to better understand … I am a … major, and I am interested in a career in … Accordingly, I think acquiring an understanding of these issues would be valuable in the future because …
2. Bibliography
For the study, the student will use various sources including media coverage, prior published research articles and books, case studies, as well as financial data.
Media coverage
The use of business media coverage should help to give a 'current-event' type feel to the research. These media include WSJ, NYT, Forbes among others.
Research articles and books
Case studies
Financial data
The student may use different online resources such as academic journals and industry databases to further the research.
Macroeconomic data
Institutional data
3. Methodology
Depending upon the nature of the proposed topic, the student is expected to … (how you will go about conducting research on the topics you proposed, is it qualitative vs. quantitative, where will you draw your sources of information, how will you structure/draft your reports ….)
4. Evaluation
Evaluation for course grade will be based on the following considerations:
· Importance of identified topics.
· Breadth and depth of review of existing and concurrent studies.
· Analyzing the topics: method, rigor, depth.
· Positioning this research in broader perspective and convey the findings effectively.
Case Study objective and instructions:
Objective:
This assessment relates to the unit learning outcomes as in the unit descriptor. This assessment is designed to evaluate student’s ability to identify the key phases of projects and to successfully manage the projects by using various IT project management tools and techniques.
The following ULOs are assessed in this assessment.
LO1 Demonstrate ability to skillfully manage projects by putting to effective use various IT project management tools and techniques.
LO2 Critically analyze project parameters and identify the key processes from the available project management book of knowledge in practical case scenarios.
INSTRUCTIONS
In this assignment you will use the IT project management knowledge area and the tools used in project initiation and planning to prepare a project charter for the Case Studybelow. Make sure to analyse the project management parameters and identify the actors relevant to the case study and mention the project scope, constraints and assumptions.
For this assessment, you will prepare a project charter based on the business case given below. Your report should be limited to approx. 1.
Master Thesis proposal Agile TransformationHammad Saif
The motivation for this research project is twofold. First, the curiosity of learning and getting the knowledge about why more and more companies are moving towards becoming agile and secondly, how the agile practices and Manifestos can be aligned and implemented with the company objectives with effectiveness.
A Path Model Why-What-How-When To Implement An IC ReportingEmma Burke
This document presents a path model called "why-what-how-when" to implement intellectual capital (IC) reporting in organizations. The model is applied to a case study of a company that designs and develops large systems for homeland protection.
The model proposes considering: 1) Why implement IC reporting for specific stakeholders' needs, 2) What IC approach best satisfies those needs, 3) How to ensure quality of IC information, and 4) When the information will be available. The case study found critical factors are accurately identifying decision-makers and stakeholders, and ensuring high quality, available information. Selecting the right IC approach depends on changing needs, information quality, and decision-makers over time.
This case study examines MPO Fenêtres, a French window manufacturer seeking to launch new PVC windows with improved thermal performance using triple glazing. As customers are more concerned with sustainability and energy efficiency, MPO Fenêtres sees an opportunity to market windows with technical advantages. However, the company must determine the right marketing strategy, salesforce size, and pricing to successfully launch the new windows.
2. By Michael Nesheim & Mia Thomsen 19th of March 2012
INDEX
Industry Overview (IO) Manual ................................................................................................................. 2
1st part: Background .............................................................................................................................. 2
2nd part: Sorting ..................................................................................................................................... 4
3rd Part: Analyzing.................................................................................................................................. 6
4th part: Presenting ................................................................................................................................ 7
Critique of IO-Model ............................................................................................................................... 11
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3. By Michael Nesheim & Mia Thomsen 19th of March 2012
Industry Overview (IO) Manual
When doing research on a developing country, it can be difficult to incorporate and follow known
models, because of the lack of valid information available, it has been necessary to think in other
directions and use the models in other ways than traditional. Elements of known models can be
applied however there might be need of using a mix of different models used in market research. In
the following you will find a model which can be used in market research on developing countries.
The purpose of the IO model is to provide a concise visual overview of an industry or industry sector.
The end product of an analysis gives the presenter a tool for presenting and comparing industries or
comparing an industry across nations. Also it can be used to measure the performance of an industry
and compare the result with a sector of the industry, showing how matured the sector is compared to
the industry.
As shown in the third step of the model in the layout below, this model incorporates internal and
external factors of the company, sector or industry involved in analysis. Also it considers risk
assessment and the future through forecasting.
Figure 1.1 below gives an overview of the process, when doing market research on developing
countries.
Figure 1 - Industry Overview Model
1st part: Background
The basic information needed for the model is based on case relevant information, gathered from
primary and secondary sources. When working with the data collected, elements in the PESTEL model,
general industry screening and Porters Diamond can be used. For later analysis it is important to
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4. By Michael Nesheim & Mia Thomsen 19th of March 2012
include relevant risk factors and forecasting. The gathered information should contain current, short
term and long term data or information making it possible to assess future perspectives and
development.
The data collected should be filtered and sorted, making it easier and faster to process for analysis in
the next steps of the model. Keep in mind to stick to the point and avoid second rating information
and thereby focusing on need to know basis.
STRUCTURE
When choosing the written structure one should consider the following steps of the model easing the
use of collected data. It eases the process when from the beginning the data is separated into internal
and external factors for the companies involved in the survey.
Working with an industry it is advisable to divide the information into each step of the vertical
structure, e.g. raw material, basic processing, production of consumer goods. Working with a sector of
an industry it is recommended to divide into specific companies or groups of equal companies.
Working with more industries or sectors in one country, it is recommended making a common section
containing information which applies in general (e.g. the subject “infrastructure” may be the same for
all industries, writing it only once will suffice). The order of information should be appearance friendly
and keeping the structure of the input models is not of great concern.
CONTENT OF BACKGROUND
Industry structure should give a thorough insight in how the industry/sector is built. Working with
more than one level of industry (primary, secondary, etc.) this section will be a descriptive view of the
supply chain. Using the companies and organizations present will make it possible to identify
strengths, weaknesses and development.
Working with a sector of an industry there may still be focus on the vertical structure to gain insight on
supply chain, but the focus will of course be on only one part of the industry.
Macro environment can broadly be covered by the use of PESTEL. Be critical assuring the chosen
information is important to your industry as less relevant information may cluster your view in later
use.
Infrastructure should contain all appropriate information regarding relevant infrastructure to the
industry (roads, railways, power, etc.).
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Markets should be divided in to appropriate categories as domestic, near markets and distant markets
(For a Danish company another separation may be more fit, as; Scandinavia/Nordic countries, EU, USA
and other markets). It is important to look at development in these markets which includes
macroeconomic development, demand and competition.
General factors and facts may be applied. The mentioned topics below may not grasp the total of the
industry and topics or information that does not seem to fit the model but is important or even critical
to explaining the industry should of course be included. These topics could be education, special
governmental or non-governmental initiatives, research initiatives or projects, etc.
+ Forecasting and risk – Once again it is important to encompass these factors in all subjects to gain a
full perspective of the industry.
2nd part: Sorting
In this part of the model the researched data is being prepared for use. The basic idea of a SWOT
model is used to think internal and external regarding the relevant industry/sector. If the data has
been properly organized in the 1st part, you will need no reorganizing of data in this part. Besides
organizing in internal and external, the data is sorted into current time, short term and long term.
Before doing so you should define the timeframe of short and long time. In the example below,
showing the internal part of sorted data, short term has been defined as a maximum of 2 years due to
working with the bauxite/aluminum industry in Ghana, 2012, with a fast development leading to rapid
changes. Working with a more developed country you may want define short time as up to 5 years
time.
Figure 2.1 shows an example from Ghanaian bauxite/aluminum sector.
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Figure 2 - Example of internal and external factors from Ghanaian bauxite/aluminum sector
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3rd Part: Analyzing
After making the internal and external analysis in current, short (<2 years) and long term (+2 years)
time period, the risk analysis can now be done.
Risk analysis should contain all the risk topics and assess them in a time perspective; current, short
term (< 2 years) and long term (+2 years). Further the risk should be valued on a scale from 1 to 5. This
may take some discussion and comparison to international and national factors and may include some
grade of own interpretation. If possible this rating can be done with the help of existing ratings.
Using the same structure from the 2nd part will make the process of risk assessment easier. This way it
is only needed to rephrase the already sorted information into risks as seen in the example Figure 3
below showing risk assessment for the mining section
Figure 3 - - Example of a Risk Table from Ghanaian bauxite/aluminum sector
Forecast will be a remake of what is already in the 2nd part. This part will be filtered from all non
forecast information and will be more of a summarized product.
Internal factors should contain the relevant information from the 2nd part. Further the information
should be valued or rated on a scale from 1 to 5 as in the risk analysis. The idea origins from the GE
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8. By Michael Nesheim & Mia Thomsen 19th of March 2012
model or matrix and inspiration for quantitative measuring can be gathered here. When using this
model and not having access to specific knowledge of a company’s preferences for what is more or
less important when choosing suppliers or markets to enter, the weighted rating system from the GE
model is not advised. This is due to the risk in the output, the more times you assess the values and
afterwards multiply them the higher the risk of inaccurate data as the possible faultiness is multiplied.
Working from a company or industry perspective the total value system of the GE model can be used,
using weighted value and rating system.
External factors have the same approach as internal factors.
4th part: Presenting
This is the last part of the model and will turn the collected and analyzed data into a visually presented
conclusion.
RISK TABLE
The first tool for presenting is a table containing relevant risk topics. The topics will differ from case
and is therefore not specified below, except for the two examples to show the use. The risks have
already been valued on a scale, in 3rd part, and only needs to be plotted in the table using color and a
descriptive comment. The table will give a fast overview of the specific risks and also contains an
average risk of the industry, calculated in the bottom. The average value is only calculated for current
time since it is a less liable indicator, especially when calculated for future risks, and only the current
average risk is being used in the following matrix. The table also has a timeline incorporated, which
shows risk development within the topics as a forecast.
Note that the average value should be calculated with two decimals. This way it will be more fair to the
uncertainty incorporated in the value. Example if the risk rating is thought of as divided intervals, i.e. 1-
1.99; 2-2.99 etc. it may be important for the overall conclusion to know if an industry rated 2 is only
few decimals from one rated 3 as they might carry equal risk then.
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Figure 4 - Example of use of the Risk Table
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10. By Michael Nesheim & Mia Thomsen 19th of March 2012
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW MATRIX
The second tool for presenting, which is the main part containing most information, is the IO-Matrix.
The matrix functions as a visual conclusion for the research. The matrix is built on the general idea of
the GE-matrix, here using the internal and external factors of a company, sector or industry. It is
possible to show more than one result at a time. Plotting more than one information in the matrix can
also be relevant when assessing all sectors of an industry, where you can plot the total industry and all
the sectors and easily compare these visually. The matrix should be presented with the risk table to
clarify the coloring of the circle and also showing how secure the current, short term and long term
picture painted in the matrix is.
Figure 5 - Industry Overview Matrix
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The circles position indicates the current strength of the industry based on internal and external
factors, which by rating has given the average rating indicated by both axes.
The color of the circle indicates the current average risk level on a scale of 1-5. This information should
be backed up by the risk table.
The Arrow indicates future development and rate; low, moderate and high rate by size of arrow. The
direction shows the grade of internal/external positive or negative development.
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12. By Michael Nesheim & Mia Thomsen 19th of March 2012
Critique of IO-Model
The IO model is largely based on the principles of the GE/McKinsey model. The major differences are
that the GE model is working with internal/external factors based on a business unit’s performance in
a market, the IO model uses internal/external factors based on a company/sector/industry in relation
to surroundings. The GE model incorporates Porters Five Forces to describe a market and the IO
model uses Porters Diamond to describe an industry. The GE model has been criticized for not
valuating the realization of various factors. The IO model is circumventing this problem by not only
having a matrix but also a table with risk valuation on all topics used to calculate the positioning of the
circle in the matrix, also there is an average risk value in the circle showing the likeliness of the
positioning of the circle to change position in very short time perspective, but this should not be
considered stand alone information and should always be backed up by the risk table.
As the GE model, the IO model is using a high degree of quantification. This may be criticized due to
the people doing the quantification. More often the people behind the quantification may not be
specialists on country and/or industry and therefore in some degree misinterpret the data. In other
terms the people doing the analysis will most often be the biggest source of inaccuracy in the results.
Also when working with the full rating system of the GE model using weighted values the persons
weighting should have expert insight in the value of each topic. Why it may be advices only to use the
simplified version not to excess critical amount of inaccuracy.
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