This document discusses various theories of motivation. It begins with definitions of motivation as internal or external forces that energize behavior. It then outlines several models of motivation including early scientific management and human relations models as well as contemporary process, goal-setting, expectancy, equity, and performance-satisfaction models. Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory are discussed as content theories, along with Alderfer's ERG theory and achievement motivation theory. The key differences between Maslow and Herzberg's theories are also summarized.

1. MOTIVATION
S U B M I T T E D T O : P R O F E S S O R S A T Y E N D R A C
P A N D E Y
Presented by Macline Seles Xalxo
Roll no 07

2. DEFINITION
A S E T O F F O R C E S T H AT E N E R G I Z E P E O P L E T O
B E H AV E I N C E R TA I N WAY S
Motivation is the result of processes, internal or
external to the individual, that arouse enthusiasm and
persistence to pursue a certain course of action
How behavior gets started, is energized, is sustained,
is directed, is stopped and what kind of subjective
reaction is present in the organization while all this is

3. Models
Early Theories
Scientific
management
Human relations
model
Contemporary
Theories
Process Theories
Goal Setting
Vrooms expectancy
Adam’s Equity
Theory
Porters Performance
Satisfaction Model
Content Theories
Maslow’s Need For
Hierarchy
Herzberg Two-Factor
Theory
Alderfer’s ERG
Theory
Achievement
Motivation Theory

4. Physiological
Safety(securit
y)
Social(affiliatio
n)
Esteem(recog
nition)
Self
actualization

5. Motivators: Job Satisfaction
Achievement
Recognition Of
Achievement
Work Itself Responsibility Advancement Growth
Hygiene Job dissatisfaction
Company
policy
Supervision
Interpersonal
Relations
Working
Conditions
Salary Status Security
Herzberg’s Hygiene's & motivator

6. Issue
Type of
Theory
The
Satisfaction
performance
relationship
Effect of need
satisfaction
Need Order
Effect of pay
Effect of
needs
View of
Motivation
Worker Level
Mashlow
Descriptive
Unsatisfied needs
energize Behavor,this
behavior causes
performanceA Satisfied Need Is Not
A Motivator(except
Self-Actualization)
Hierarchy of Needs
Pay is a motivator if it
satisfies needs
All needs are
motivators at various
times
Macro view- Deals with
all aspects of existence
Relevant to all workers
Herzberg
Prescriptive
Needs cause
performance
A satisfied need is not a
motivator, other
satisfied needs are
motivators.
No hierarchy
Pay is not a motivator
Only needs are a
motivator
Micro view-Deals
primarily with work
related motivation
Probably more relevant
to white collar and
professional workers