The document outlines several theories of motivation including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory distinguishing motivators and hygiene factors, Alderfer's ERG theory grouping needs into existence, relatedness and growth, and expectancy theory explaining that motivation depends on the expectation, instrumentality, and valence of outcomes. It also discusses McGregor's Theory X and Y management styles, goal-setting theory holding that specific difficult goals increase performance, and equity theory proposing that employees compare their input/outcome ratios to referents.

1. CHAPTER 6 BASIC MOTIVATION CONCEPTS

5. Hierarchy of Needs Theory

6. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs E X H I B I T 6-1

7. Theory X and Theory Y(Douglas McGregor)

8. Two-Factor Theory (Frederick Herzberg)

9. Comparison of Satisfiers and Dissatisfiers E X H I B I T 6-3 Factors characterizing events on the job that led to extreme job dissatisfaction Factors characterizing events on the job that led to extreme job satisfaction

10. Contrasting Views of Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction E X H I B I T 6-4 Presence Absence

11. ERG Theory (Clayton Alderfer) Core Needs Existence: provision of basic material requirements. Relatedness: desire for relationships. Growth: desire for personal development. Concepts: More than one need can be operative at the same time. If a higher-level need cannot be fulfilled, the desire to satisfy a lower-level need increases.

12. David McClelland’s Theory of Needs nAch nPow nAff

13. Matching Achievers and Jobs E X H I B I T 6-5

14. Goal-Setting Theory (Edwin Locke)

15. Reinforcement Theory Concepts: Behavior is environmentally caused. Behavior can be modified (reinforced) by providing (controlling) consequences. Reinforced behavior tends to be repeated.

16. Equity Theory Referent Comparisons: Self-inside Self-outside Other-inside Other-outside

17. Equity Theory (cont’d) E X H I B I T 6-7

20. Equity Theory (cont’d)

21. Expectancy Theory E X H I B I T 6-8

22. Performance Dimensions E X H I B I T 6-9