1. Classify the following into groups:
Moral standards and Non-moral standards
1. No talking while your mouth is full.
2. Do not lie
3. Wear black or white for mourning: never end
4. The males should be the one to propose marriage
not females.
5. Don’t steal
6. Observe correct grammar when writing and
speaking English.
7. Submit school requirements on time.
8. If you are a male, stay by danger side (roadside)
when walking with a female.
9. Go with the fashion or you are not “in”
10. Don’t cheat others.
11. Don’t kill
12. When you speak pronounce words correctly
13. Focus the microscope properly.
14. Maintain a 36-24-36 body figure.
6. Etymology and Meaning of Ethics
The term “ethics” comes from the Greek word “ethos”
meaning “custom” used in the works of Aristotle, while the
term “moral” is the Latin equivalent. Based on the Greek and
Latin etymology of the word: ethics” ethics deals with
morality. When the roman orator Cicero exclaimed, “O
tempora o mores” (Cicero, 1856) (Oh, what time and what
morals), he may have been trying to express dismay of the
morality of his time.
7. Ethics or moral philosophy, is a branch of
philosophy which deals with moral standard,
inquires about rightness or wrongness of human
behaviour or the goodness or badness of
personality, trait or character. It deals with ideas,
with topics such as moral standards or norms of
morality of human acts and moral agents, what
makes an act obligatory and what makes a person
accountable.
8. Moral is the adjective
describing a human act as either
ethically right or wrong, or
qualifying a person, personality,
character, as either ethically
good or bad.
9. An idea or thing used as a
measure, norm or a model in
comparative evaluations.
( Oxford Dictionary )
11. • Moral Standards are norms or prescriptions
that serve as frameworks for determining
what ought to be done or what is right or
wrong actions what is good or bad character.
12. Moral standards
Norms + Values = Moral standards
Norms- General rules
Values- Enduring rules
13. Moral standards
Force others to act accordingly;
Normally promote the good.
What human have to do in terms of right and
their obligation.
Involves significant wrongs or significant
benefit.
15. Examples of moral standards: “Stealing is
wrong” “Killing is wrong “Telling lies is
wrong” “adultery is wrong”. “ Environment
preservation is the right thing to do”.
Freedom with responsibility is the right
way”. “Giving what is due to others is
justice”.
16. Moral Standards
• Consequences standards (like Stuart
Mill’s utilitarianism) or
Non-consequences standards (like
Aristotle’s virtue, St. Thomas’
natural law, or Emmanuel Kant’
good will or sense of duty)
17. The Consequence Standards depend on
results, outcome. An act that results in the
general welfare, in the greatest number, is
moral. To take part in the project that results
in the improvement of the majority of people
is, therefore, moral.
18. For instance,
most people agree lying is
wrong. But telling a lie would
help save a person’s life,
consequentialism says it’s the
right thing to do
19.
20. Non-moral Standards are social rules of good
manners and right conduct, etiquette, rules of
behaviour set by parents, teachers, and standards of
grammar or language, standards of art, standards of
sports set by authorities. In sociology, non-moral
standards or rules are called folkways.
21. Example are “Do not eat
when your mouth open”,
“Observe rules of
grammar,” and do not
wear socks that not
match”.
22. An indicator whether or not a standard is
moral or non-moral lies in its compliance
as distinguished from its non-compliance.
Non-compliance with moral standards
causes as sense of guilt, while non-
compliance with a non-moral standard may
only cause shame or embarrassment.
23. Classification of the Theories of Moral
Standards
Garner and Rosen (1967) classified the various
moral standards formulated by moral philosophers
as follows:
24. 1. Consequence standard (teleological,
from tele which means end, result, or
consequences) states that an act is right
or wrong depending on the
consequences of the act, that is, the good
that is produced in the world.
25. holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action or
rule depends on sense of duty, natural law, virtue
and the demand of the situation or circumstances.
The rightness or wrongness of an action does not
only depend or rely on the consequence of that
action or following that rule.
2. Not – only - consequence standard (deontological),
26. The Origin of Moral Standards
Theist Non- Theist
God is the ultimate source of
what is moral revealed to human
persons.
The origin of moral standards is
God who “wrote his law in the
heart of every person” natural
law.
Belief in God strengthens them to
be moral
God is not the source of
morality. Moral standards are
based on the wisdom of sages
like confucious or
philosophers like Emmanuel
Kant, Stuart Mill, et al.
27. The evolutionist claims that the sense of
moral standards must have evolved with
man not something that was implanted
in every human person instantly at the
moment of creation. Creation is the
process may have taken place not only
in 6 days as the creationist asserts.
28. Moral Standards Non-Moral Standard
1. Do not lie 1. No talking while your mouth is full.
2. Don’t steal 2. Wear black or white for mourning: never end
3. Don’t cheat others. 3. The males should be the one to propose
marriage not females.
4. Don’t kill 4. Observe correct grammar when writing and
speaking English.
5. Submit school requirements on time
6. If you are a male, stay by danger side (roadside)
when walking with a female.
7. Go with the fashion or you are not “in”
8.When you speak pronounce words correctly
9. Focus the microscope properly.
10. Maintain a 36-24-36 body figure.
