Review

1. TURKS

2. Xiongnu

3. Arabs

4. Masai

5. Nomads
Pastoral Societies
 How are they similar to hunter-gatherers?
 Nomadic Social & Political Structures not urban
 How are the different than hunter-gatherers?
 Animals! More contact with settled civs.
 How are they different from settled
agricultural civilizations?
 Population density was less
 Social Class Structure was more equitable and less stratified
 Political Structure was often clan or tribe based

6. Nomads
 How were the Xiongu, Mongols, Arabs, and
Turks able to kick so much civilized butt?
 TRIBES / CLANS united (at least for a while)
 Nomads are like an army already

7. MONGOL CONQUESTS
What allowed the Mongols to conquer and
build a huge empire? (5,6,7)
 Give 5 reasons/characteristics that allowed the
Mongols to dominate?
 Incorporated conquered people into the Mongol
military
 Promoted officers based on merit, not family ties
 Superior organization
 Superior tactics (retreat, deception,
encirclement)
 United the Mongol tribes

8. Mongol Empire
 What allowed the Mongols to CONTROL a huge
empire?
 Religious tolerance
 Fewer taxes as merchants crossed fewer borders
 Incorporated conquered people into lower-
level and advisory positions of government
 Encouraged trade/spread of cultures and ideas
 Moved skilled artisans, government workers,
and craftsmen to different parts of the empire.

9. Mongols in CHINA – the Yuan Dynasty
Mongol rule in China: the Yuan Dynasty (8,9)
How did the Yuan Dynasty change the Chinese
political structure?
 Mongols had the mandate! United a divided
China.
 Scholar-officials out / Non-Chinese in
How did the Mongols change Chinese social
structure?
 Non-Chinese, Merchants, & Women’s status

10. Mongols in CHINA – the Yuan Dynasty
How did the Mongols change Chinese culture?
 They didn’t (at least not much).
 Buddhists gained some power
How did the Mongols / Yuan Dynasty fall?
 Typhoons destroyed the Mongol military as they
attempted to invade Japan
 Mongols fought each other
 Disease epidemics and inflation
 Rebellions by Chinese peasants

11. Kamikaze Wind

12. Mongol IMPACT
MONGOLS in CHINA, PERSIA, & RUSSIA
 Which region was defeated by Mongol armies?
 In which region were the Mongols MOST destructive?
 In which regions did the Mongols build new cities (after
destroying them)?
 In which regions did the Mongols use the existing
bureaucracy?
 In which regions were the native princes allowed to rule
as long as they sent tribute to Mongol rulers?
 In which region did more Mongols assimilate into
society after the fall of the Mongol empire?

13. Mongol IMPACT
MONGOLS in CHINA, PERSIA, & RUSSIA
 In which region was agriculture nearly destroyed?
 Which region was not directly occupied by the
Mongols?
 In which region did the Mongols support Daoism,
Buddhism, and Confucianism?
 Which Mongol invasion was LEAST destructive?
 Why was W. Europe never conquered by the
Mongols?

16. TEST REVIEW – Write on a half sheet of
paper…
Give a similarity and a
difference between the
Mongols and the following
civilizations …
 Tang and Song China
 Islamic Empire (Arab Muslim)