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The document outlines an agenda for a science class on galaxies. It includes an introduction to galaxies where students learn that galaxies come in different shapes and sizes. They are introduced to the three main types of galaxies - elliptical, spiral, and irregular - as classified by Edwin Hubble. Students then participate in an activity where they categorize example galaxies into the different types. The rest of the class is spent working on ongoing science projects, with some groups giving presentations to other classes later that week.
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Binary Stars
Binary stars are two stars orbiting a common center of mass, with the brighter star classified as the primary and dimmer as the secondary. Galileo first observed binary stars in 1617 when he noticed one star seemed to be two. Binary stars can form when a massive star captures a passing star. There are four main classifications of binary stars: visual binaries which can be seen separately through a telescope; spectroscopic binaries which appear close but can't be resolved; eclipsing binaries whose orbits cause one star to pass in front of the other; and astrometric binaries where the companion star can only be inferred.
Theories of the universe 3
The document discusses theories about constellations from ancient Greece to modern times. It describes how the earliest constellations were identified by Homer around 6000 years ago and most were associated with myths by the 5th century BC. The modern boundaries of 88 official constellations were established by the IAU in 1922 and 1928. Modern constellations like Columba the dove and Monoceros the unicorn are more difficult to identify than classical ones because they contain fewer bright stars and are located in less prominent areas of the sky. Learning the classical constellations helps in finding the modern ones.
JWST
The James Webb Space Telescope will launch in 2018 to be the foremost space telescope of the next decade. With infrared imaging capabilities, it will see further back in time than previous telescopes to observe the formation of the first stars and galaxies as well as the evolution of planetary systems. The JWST's goals are to search for the earliest galaxies and stars, determine how galaxies evolve over time, observe star and planet formation, and examine exoplanets for potential habitability. It will accomplish these goals using a large primary mirror, instruments sensitive to infrared wavelengths, and the ability to detect highly redshifted light from the earliest objects in the universe.
Webb Launch Kit
The James Webb Space Telescope (Webb) will be the largest, most powerful telescope ever launched into space. It follows in the footsteps of the Hubble Space Telescope as the next great space science observatory, designed to answer outstanding questions about the Universe and to make breakthrough
discoveries in all fields of astronomy.
Webb will reveal the hidden Universe to our eyes: stars shrouded in clouds of dust, molecules in the atmospheres of other worlds, and light from the first stars and galaxies. With its suite of state-of-the-art instruments, Webb will push the frontiers of our knowledge of the Solar System, of how stars
and planets form, and of galaxy formation and evolution, in new ways.
The telescope will launch on an Ariane 5 rocket from Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana. From there it embarks on a month-long journey to its destination orbit around the second Lagrange point (L2), about one and a half million kilometres from Earth. In the first month after launch, Webb will unfold its sunshield, which is the size of a tennis court, and then deploy its 6.5-metre
primary mirror that can detect the faint light of distant stars and galaxies with a sensitivity a hundred times greater than that of Hubble.
Edwin Hubble
Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer born in 1889 who made several groundbreaking discoveries about the universe, including Hubble's Law which showed a relationship between galaxies' speeds and distances, demonstrating the universe's expansion. He also proved the existence of galaxies outside the Milky Way. Hubble received many honors for his work, including medals from scientific organizations, and several places and objects in space are named after him, including the Hubble Space Telescope launched in 1990 which takes high quality photographs from its orbit around Earth.
A1 20 Milky Way
The document discusses the discovery of the Milky Way galaxy. It describes how in the early 20th century, Shapley and Curtis debated whether spiral nebulae were inside or outside our galaxy. Hubble later proved with Cepheid variables that they were actually other galaxies. The Milky Way is now understood to be a barred spiral galaxy about 30,000 light years wide, with a bulge, disk containing spiral arms, and halo of globular clusters. It formed from a cloud of gas that contracted under gravity and began rotating to form the spiral structure seen today.
Edwin hubble powerpoint 2
Edwin Hubble was born in 1889 in Missouri and studied at the University of Chicago, earning a Rhodes scholarship to study at Oxford. Though he initially practiced law, Hubble returned to his passion for astronomy in 1914. At the Mount Wilson Observatory, Hubble discovered evidence of other galaxies existing outside the Milky Way in 1923, contradicting the prevailing view. This landmark discovery established that the universe is much larger than previously believed.
Invention of telescope
this is a presentation about invention of telescope. i have placed many information about telescope invention. and ancient world about telescope also. i hope this will usefull to you.
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Binary Stars
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The document discusses theories about constellations from ancient Greece to modern times. It describes how the earliest constellations were identified by Homer around 6000 years ago and most were associated with myths by the 5th century BC. The modern boundaries of 88 official constellations were established by the IAU in 1922 and 1928. Modern constellations like Columba the dove and Monoceros the unicorn are more difficult to identify than classical ones because they contain fewer bright stars and are located in less prominent areas of the sky. Learning the classical constellations helps in finding the modern ones.
JWST
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The James Webb Space Telescope (Webb) will be the largest, most powerful telescope ever launched into space. It follows in the footsteps of the Hubble Space Telescope as the next great space science observatory, designed to answer outstanding questions about the Universe and to make breakthrough
discoveries in all fields of astronomy.
Webb will reveal the hidden Universe to our eyes: stars shrouded in clouds of dust, molecules in the atmospheres of other worlds, and light from the first stars and galaxies. With its suite of state-of-the-art instruments, Webb will push the frontiers of our knowledge of the Solar System, of how stars
and planets form, and of galaxy formation and evolution, in new ways.
The telescope will launch on an Ariane 5 rocket from Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana. From there it embarks on a month-long journey to its destination orbit around the second Lagrange point (L2), about one and a half million kilometres from Earth. In the first month after launch, Webb will unfold its sunshield, which is the size of a tennis court, and then deploy its 6.5-metre
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Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer born in 1889 who made several groundbreaking discoveries about the universe, including Hubble's Law which showed a relationship between galaxies' speeds and distances, demonstrating the universe's expansion. He also proved the existence of galaxies outside the Milky Way. Hubble received many honors for his work, including medals from scientific organizations, and several places and objects in space are named after him, including the Hubble Space Telescope launched in 1990 which takes high quality photographs from its orbit around Earth.
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The document discusses the discovery of the Milky Way galaxy. It describes how in the early 20th century, Shapley and Curtis debated whether spiral nebulae were inside or outside our galaxy. Hubble later proved with Cepheid variables that they were actually other galaxies. The Milky Way is now understood to be a barred spiral galaxy about 30,000 light years wide, with a bulge, disk containing spiral arms, and halo of globular clusters. It formed from a cloud of gas that contracted under gravity and began rotating to form the spiral structure seen today.
Edwin hubble powerpoint 2
Edwin Hubble was born in 1889 in Missouri and studied at the University of Chicago, earning a Rhodes scholarship to study at Oxford. Though he initially practiced law, Hubble returned to his passion for astronomy in 1914. At the Mount Wilson Observatory, Hubble discovered evidence of other galaxies existing outside the Milky Way in 1923, contradicting the prevailing view. This landmark discovery established that the universe is much larger than previously believed.
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this is a presentation about invention of telescope. i have placed many information about telescope invention. and ancient world about telescope also. i hope this will usefull to you.
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There are an estimated 170 billion galaxies in the universe. Galaxies consist of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter that are gravitationally bound together. There are three main types of galaxies: spiral galaxies which have a bulge, disk, and halo structure; elliptical galaxies which are elongated spheres; and irregular galaxies which have no defined shape. Galaxies are further classified based on their structure.
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Optical telescopes use either lenses or mirrors to gather and focus light, allowing astronomers to see objects that are too faint or distant to view with the naked eye. Refracting telescopes use lenses to bend and focus light, while reflecting telescopes use curved mirrors. Spectroscopy reveals properties of astronomical objects like temperature, velocity, and composition by separating light into its component wavelengths. Astronomers use several techniques to measure the vast distances to stars and galaxies, including trigonometric parallax for nearby stars, and variable star properties like period-luminosity relationships for more distant objects.
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The document discusses the history and development of the Hubble Space Telescope from its conception in the mid-20th century to its launch and operation over time. It was conceived to overcome the limitations of Earth-based telescopes and allow observation of objects beyond our atmosphere. After delays, it was launched in 1990 but had issues with its lens and required repairs. Hubble has since provided images that have transformed our understanding of the universe.
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The document summarizes key concepts about sunlight and its travel from the sun to earth. It explains that sunlight takes approximately 8 minutes to reach earth from the sun, traveling at 300,000 km per second. It also describes how shadows are formed when light is blocked, and how the earth's rotation causes day and night and influences the seasons.
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Since NASA launched its Hubble Space Telescope in 1990, space scientists at the University of Arizona in Tucson have used it to expand our knowledge of the Universe time and time again. Facts on telescopes austin
Refracting telescopes use lenses and were invented by Hans Lippershey, while reflecting telescopes use mirrors such as those used in space telescopes like the Hubble Telescope. The Hubble Telescope is a reflecting telescope that takes amazing pictures of space and was created by Edwin Hubble.
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The document discusses the discovery of the universe through constellations, telescopes, and rockets. It explains that constellations are patterns of stars grouped together, and that scientists have identified 88 official constellations. It then describes how telescopes were invented in the early 1600s by Hans Lippershey, Galileo Galilei, and Isaac Newton, allowing them to observe objects in space. Finally, it mentions that Robert Goddard launched the first rocket in 1926, which helped enable the exploration of outer space.
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1. The document describes the motions of objects in the sky and our location in the universe, including a description of the Milky Way galaxy and our solar system.
2. Key concepts covered include the coordinate systems used to locate celestial objects, precession of the Earth, and the causes of the seasons due to the tilt of the Earth's axis.
3. Motions of objects like the sun and stars are explained, including how the sun appears to move along the ecliptic and causes the seasons as the Earth orbits around it.
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Power point presentation, copyright 2008
Original Music by Grace H Ma
For a classroom presentation originally performed in 2008
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The document outlines the agenda for a class project work session on May 21st, 2013. It includes assignments for different project groups to complete their packets and work on drafts. It also notes that the teacher will check in with each group during a 20 minute period and reflections are due at the end for 10 minutes. Students are warned that noise levels should be moderate while the teacher is checking in with groups.
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Telescopes adriana,ainara y leire
Galileo invented the telescope and was the first to show that the Earth orbits the Sun. Telescopes use either lenses in refracting telescopes or mirrors in reflecting telescopes like the Hubble telescope, which takes amazing pictures of space. Space telescopes are reflecting telescopes that use mirrors to study the Solar System.
Types of galaxies
There are an estimated 170 billion galaxies in the universe. Galaxies consist of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter that are gravitationally bound together. There are three main types of galaxies: spiral galaxies which have a bulge, disk, and halo structure; elliptical galaxies which are elongated spheres; and irregular galaxies which have no defined shape. Galaxies are further classified based on their structure.
Hubble space telescope: 25 years photographing the galaxies far, far away
The document summarizes the 25-year history of discoveries and iconic images from the Hubble Space Telescope. It provides background on Hubble's launch in 1990 and highlights some of Hubble's most impressive images over the years, including views of planets in our solar system, nearby galaxies like Andromeda, and some of the deepest views of the early universe ever achieved. It also includes 25 of Hubble's "best images" showing nebulae, galaxies, and other astronomical phenomena.
OBSERVATIONAL ASTRONOMY
Optical telescopes use either lenses or mirrors to gather and focus light, allowing astronomers to see objects that are too faint or distant to view with the naked eye. Refracting telescopes use lenses to bend and focus light, while reflecting telescopes use curved mirrors. Spectroscopy reveals properties of astronomical objects like temperature, velocity, and composition by separating light into its component wavelengths. Astronomers use several techniques to measure the vast distances to stars and galaxies, including trigonometric parallax for nearby stars, and variable star properties like period-luminosity relationships for more distant objects.
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This powerpoint speaks about the history and evolution of the telescope and the parts of this instrument.
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It presents about normal galaxy and how it differs to other type of galaxy. The types of galaxies are also presented like spiral galaxies, barred spiral, ellipticals, lenticulars and irregular galaxies with examples and pictures for further explanation.
400 Years Of The Telescope
This document provides summaries of 15 astronomical images in 3 sentences or less. It describes various celestial objects like galaxies, nebulae, star clusters and more. The summaries concisely highlight the key features and phenomena shown in each full-color image from NASA telescopes and observatories.
Hubble Space Telescope
The document discusses the history and development of the Hubble Space Telescope from its conception in the mid-20th century to its launch and operation over time. It was conceived to overcome the limitations of Earth-based telescopes and allow observation of objects beyond our atmosphere. After delays, it was launched in 1990 but had issues with its lens and required repairs. Hubble has since provided images that have transformed our understanding of the universe.
Astronomy 1 Ppt
The document summarizes key concepts about sunlight and its travel from the sun to earth. It explains that sunlight takes approximately 8 minutes to reach earth from the sun, traveling at 300,000 km per second. It also describes how shadows are formed when light is blocked, and how the earth's rotation causes day and night and influences the seasons.
Unit 2: Edwin Hubble
Thousands of years of thinking and evidence culminate in Hubble's discovery of a vast and expanding Universe.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
University of Arizona Hubble Space Telescope Discoveries
University of Arizona Hubble Space Telescope DiscoveriesUniversity of Arizona Research, Discovery & Innovation
Since NASA launched its Hubble Space Telescope in 1990, space scientists at the University of Arizona in Tucson have used it to expand our knowledge of the Universe time and time again. Facts on telescopes austin
Refracting telescopes use lenses and were invented by Hans Lippershey, while reflecting telescopes use mirrors such as those used in space telescopes like the Hubble Telescope. The Hubble Telescope is a reflecting telescope that takes amazing pictures of space and was created by Edwin Hubble.
Discovering the Universe
The document discusses the discovery of the universe through constellations, telescopes, and rockets. It explains that constellations are patterns of stars grouped together, and that scientists have identified 88 official constellations. It then describes how telescopes were invented in the early 1600s by Hans Lippershey, Galileo Galilei, and Isaac Newton, allowing them to observe objects in space. Finally, it mentions that Robert Goddard launched the first rocket in 1926, which helped enable the exploration of outer space.
Hubble Space telescope
Presents an overview, feature description, instrumentation and traces the historic development of Hubble space telescope.
Milky Way physics 101
1. The document describes the motions of objects in the sky and our location in the universe, including a description of the Milky Way galaxy and our solar system.
2. Key concepts covered include the coordinate systems used to locate celestial objects, precession of the Earth, and the causes of the seasons due to the tilt of the Earth's axis.
3. Motions of objects like the sun and stars are explained, including how the sun appears to move along the ecliptic and causes the seasons as the Earth orbits around it.
Telescope
A telescope is an optical instrument that uses lenses or mirrors to gather light and provide higher magnification and resolution than the naked eye. It allows astronomers to observe distant objects in space like planets, stars, and galaxies. There are two main types - reflecting telescopes which use curved mirrors, and refracting telescopes which use lenses. The first person to point a telescope skyward was Galileo Galilei in 1609, allowing him to observe details on the moon. Telescopes have helped astronomers determine properties of the universe like its age.
Hubble space telescope
Power point presentation, copyright 2008
Original Music by Grace H Ma
For a classroom presentation originally performed in 2008
Differences between galaxies
There are different types of galaxies including spiral galaxies like the Milky Way, elliptical galaxies, and irregular galaxies. Spiral galaxies contain gas, dust, and new stars circling a central bulge, while elliptical galaxies are highly flattened and contain millions to trillions of stars. The Milky Way is estimated to contain between 200 billion and 400 billion stars within a diameter of 100,000 light years, classifying it as a spiral galaxy. Elliptical galaxies have ellipsoidal shapes and contain around 10 trillion solar masses of stars.
Earth Science Overview
This document outlines the curriculum for an Earth Science class. It will cover four main topics over the year: geology, oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy. In geology, students will learn about minerals, rocks, earth's structure, fossils, volcanoes, and plate tectonics. Oceanography will cover topics like ocean topography, currents, and the water cycle. Meteorology will focus on the atmosphere, weather patterns, and severe weather. Finally, astronomy will study the solar system, galaxies, stars, and objects outside our solar system. The class will also work on science process skills like observation, inference, measurement, and prediction throughout the year.
Telescopes & astronomy andie
There are many ways to view the universe beyond just visible light. Telescopes collect different wavelengths of light and energy, from optical to infrared, radio, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma rays. Each type of telescope reveals different information and allows us to study different phenomena in the universe. The best locations for telescopes are high mountain tops for optical and infrared telescopes, and satellites in orbit for telescopes studying wavelengths blocked by Earth's atmosphere like x-rays and gamma rays. Advanced telescopes have allowed scientists to discover more about star and galaxy formation, black holes, and the early universe.
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Hubble space telescope: 25 years photographing the galaxies far, far away
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May 21st
The document outlines the agenda for a class project work session on May 21st, 2013. It includes assignments for different project groups to complete their packets and work on drafts. It also notes that the teacher will check in with each group during a 20 minute period and reflections are due at the end for 10 minutes. Students are warned that noise levels should be moderate while the teacher is checking in with groups.
Jeopardy
The document is a Jeopardy! game board about structure of matter, with categories including atoms and elements, structure of the atom, compounds, states of matter (solids, liquids, and gases), structure of solids, and the periodic table. Each category has clues ranging from $100 to $500 about key concepts and terms relating to the structure and properties of matter.
February 25
The atoms in the products of a chemical reaction come from the atoms in the reactants. According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. Rather, the atoms simply rearrange and form new bonds to create different substances (the products).
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The agenda for Tuesday's physics class included a warm-up, setting up notebooks, a motion activity, taking notes, and completing a worksheet. The focus question was about Usain Bolt's average speed during the 100m dash where he set the Olympic record of 9.63 seconds. Students worked in groups on the motion activity using stopwatches to time trials and determine average speed, then took notes on key physics concepts like velocity, speed, direction, and the formula for calculating average speed. Partners alternated answering questions on the worksheet to complete the lesson.
Tuesday
The document outlines an agenda for a January 15th, 2013 class that will focus on Newton's Second Law of Motion. The class will include a warm-up with example problems, formulating a hypothesis about why asteroids move at different speeds after collisions, designing an experiment to test the hypothesis that mass affects speed, learning about Newton's Second Law equation of F=ma, and homework explaining Newton's Second Law.
Ap10
The Wednesday, April 10th agenda includes a 20 minute open note quiz on motion at the start of class, followed by 20 minutes of class notes. There is no homework assigned. The warm-up quiz contains 7 problems related to average speed calculations involving cheetahs, footballs, dolphins and distance/time graphs. The class notes will cover additional information not covered before the CST exams.
Ap8
The agenda for Tuesday, April 9th included a 10 minute warm-up, 10 minutes to prepare presentations, 35 minutes for student presentations, 20 minutes for class notes, and 30 minutes to practice the first half of the CST exam. The document also included sample warm-up math questions about a plane's distance and speed over time and grading criteria for an upcoming student presentation.
April 17 18
The document outlines an agenda for an April 17/18 biology class that includes:
1) A 10 minute warm up where students list what they know about carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
2) A 10 minute activity to create a foldable labeled with the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur and note which macromolecules contain each element.
3) A 5 minute setup of notes on macromolecules.
4) A 20 minute lesson on the introduction to macromolecules including their basic components and characteristics.
5) A 5 minute exit slip where students list 3 things they learned.
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astronomy: Stars- distribution and cluster
Star clusters provide insight into stellar evolution. Open clusters contain a few dozen to hundreds of younger, hot stars loosely spaced in a galaxy's disk. Globular clusters contain tens to hundreds of thousands of older, metal-poor stars in a spherical distribution in a galaxy's halo. Measuring a cluster's main-sequence turn-off point allows determining its age. Some globular clusters exhibit evidence of black holes at their centers from observations of white dwarf concentrations.
Sp10Name ________________________________Lab Report for Lab #.docx
Sp10Name: ________________________________
Lab Report for Lab #9:Where in the Milky Way Are We?
Part I: The shape of the Milky Way
1. Look up the morphological classification of the Milky Way. There is a bit more to it than “spiral”. Look for information on morphological classification in text books and/or online. Find out the shape of the Milky Way galaxy.
[Type answer here]
2. Identify the parts the Milky Way. Some possible parts of a galaxy are: bulge, disk, halo, bar, or arm. Knowing the type of galaxy the Milky Way is, you should be able to identify the types of features the Milky Way has. Create a physical model of the Milky Way and identify the features it has. (A globe is an example of a physical model of Earth.) Describe your model and label all possible parts.
[Type answer here]
3. Use your planetarium software to observe the Milky Way from the northern and southern hemispheres. Based on your observations (without the aid of telescopes or other wavelengths of light outside the visible range) explain how these observations support the conclusion that we live in a galaxy with the shape of your model. Further, determine in what part of the galaxy the Sun must be located to see the Milky Way as we do.
[Type answers here]
Part II: Mapping the Milky Way with Globular Clusters
Galaxies like the Milky Way have objects, called “globular clusters” that exist in the outer regions of the galaxy (or halo). Globular clusters are dense clusters of stars that are generally free of gas and dust. In galaxies like the Milky Way, the gas and dust are located primarily in the disk. If we want to look for objects that we can see clearly (with no interference from gas and dust) we must observe objects in the halo. In the late 19th century an astronomer named Harlow Shapley devised an experiment to determine the position of Earth in the universe using globular clusters. He chose these objects because of their apparent lack of interaction with the gas and dust in the Milky Way.
Step 4.Explain how Shapley’s experiment could be used to determine the position of Earth within the Milky Way. Given what you already know about the part of the galaxy in which the Sun is located and the information about globular clusters, what information would Shapley need to figure out the position of Earth? For about how many globular clusters do you think he would need to get this information to determine the position of Earth? Describe the experiment and list the steps one would need to take.
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Step 5. As a group, devise a method for determining the position of Earth within the Milky Way using globular clusters. Decide how many globular clusters you want to observe. Decide what information you need to do the analysis. There may be many different ways of analyzing the data, there does not need to be group consensus for the analysis, but each method that is used should be discussed with the group.
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6. Gather the data you need from .
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The document discusses three main theories about the origin and evolution of the universe: the Big Bang theory, the Steady State theory, and the Oscillating Universe theory. It provides details about each theory and the evidence that supports them, including the work of astronomers like Edwin Hubble, Vesto Slipher, and Robert Dicke. It also covers topics like the design and age of the universe, the classification and life cycles of stars, and properties of galaxies.
lecture23
1. The document discusses different types of galaxies including spiral, elliptical, irregular, and barred spiral galaxies.
2. It describes how Hubble classified galaxies into these categories and notes that galaxies do not evolve along Hubble's sequence.
3. Methods for measuring the distance to galaxies are explained, including using the Tully-Fisher relation to estimate the luminosity and distance of spiral galaxies based on measuring their circular velocity.
The universe2
The document discusses three main theories about the origin and evolution of the universe: the Big Bang theory, the Steady State theory, and the Oscillating Universe theory. It provides details about each theory and the evidence that supports them, including the work of astronomers like Edwin Hubble, Vesto Slipher, and Fred Hoyle. It also covers the expansion of the universe as observed through redshift and Hubble's law.
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The document discusses three main theories about the origin and evolution of the universe: the Big Bang theory, the Steady State theory, and the Oscillating Universe theory. It provides details about each theory and the evidence that supports them, including the work of astronomers like Edwin Hubble, Vesto Slipher, and Fred Hoyle. It also covers the expansion of the universe as observed through redshift and Hubble's law.
Galaxies and the Expanding Universe
Spiral galaxies consist of a flat, rotating disc containing stars, gas and dust, with a central bulge. Elliptical galaxies are the most common type of galaxy and contain less gas and dust. Irregular galaxies have an irregular, chaotic appearance without distinct structure. Edwin Hubble proved in 1925 that the universe is expanding based on the relationship between galaxy distance and velocity.
3 31 2015 the universe & solar system
This document provides information about the solar system and the universe. It begins with an overview of the Big Bang theory and the expanding universe. It then discusses galaxies, including the Milky Way galaxy and different types of galaxies like elliptical, spiral, and irregular galaxies. The document then focuses on the solar system, describing the sun and planets like Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. It also mentions asteroids, comets, and meteors. The document concludes with activities related to ordering planets and learning about constellations and the solar system.
The_Expanding_Universe.doc
The document provides instructions for two activities to demonstrate how the expansion of space affects galaxies and light waves. In the first activity, students draw galaxies on a balloon and observe the distances between them increase when the balloon is inflated, simulating how expansion makes galaxies appear to move away from each other. In the second activity, students draw a wave on a balloon and see the wavelength stretch as the balloon is inflated to represent how expansion redshifts light from distant objects.
Chapter 15 Test
The document is a chapter from an astronomy textbook about galaxies. It contains multiple choice questions about the properties of different types of galaxies like elliptical galaxies, spiral galaxies, and active galaxies. It discusses how Edwin Hubble discovered that more distant galaxies have greater redshifts, indicating the universe is expanding.
Galaxies
There are billions of galaxies in the universe that come in many shapes and sizes. Galaxies are grouped into three main categories: spiral, elliptical, and irregular. Spiral galaxies are flat disks with spiral arms, elliptical galaxies are round or oval masses of stars with little gas or dust, and irregular galaxies have stars, gas, and dust spread out randomly. The Hubble Space Telescope was launched in 1990 and has helped scientists further classify galaxies and study them in more detail.
Module 05 – A Universe of Galaxies Edwin Hubble’s observations o.docx
Module 05 – A Universe of Galaxies
Edwin Hubble’s observations of the Andromeda “nebula” in 1924, using the then new 100 inch telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, lead to the understanding that the Milky Way was not the only galaxy, but one of a countless large groups of stars in our Universe. Within this new field of astronomy, Hubble devised a classification system for galaxies based on their observed shape and structure. In this laboratory exercise, you will use Stellarium to observe a number of galaxies and attempt to classify them using Hubble’s system.
Background Question – Describe the major Hubble galaxy classifications and how they are organized on Hubble’s “turning fork”.
Object: Explain the purpose of this laboratory assignment in your own words. What do you think you will accomplish or learn from this exercise?
Hypothesis: Write a simple hypothesis connected to observed properties of galaxies that you will be able to test using the Stellarium software (for example, most galaxies are spiral in shape like our Milky Way).
Procedure
1) Open the Stellarium software. Open the Sky and Viewing options window (F4). Under the “Sky” tab, uncheck the Atmosphere.
2) Select the Landscape tab and uncheck “Show ground”.
3) Open the Search window (F3) and enter Andromeda Galaxy. The view should shift to center on the Andromeda Galaxy. Scroll your mouse wheel forward to zoom in until you can see the Andromeda Galaxy in detail.
4) Based on the Andromeda Galaxy’s shape and appearance, record on the lab data table which major type of galaxy you think it is (Spiral, Elliptical, Irregular). Make a note if you see any particular interesting features (color, if spiral is there a bar, if a galaxy is interacting with another galaxy)
5) Repeat steps 3 and 4 for each galaxy listed on the data table. You make need to zoom in or out to see the selected in detail.
Q1: From the list of galaxies given, did you find more of classification group then the other?
Q2: Did you observe any spiral galaxies with a bar structure?
Q3: Where all the elliptical galaxies all the same exact shape?
Q3: Did you notice a difference in general color between elliptical and spiral galaxies?
Q4: Which classification group showed evidence of ongoing star formation (visible new O and B blue stars)?
6) Continue using Stellarium if you need further information to test your individual hypothesis. If you need further direction, please ask your instructor.
Conclusion: In 1-2 paragraphs, explain if your observations and data support or conflict with your hypothesis and if you have met your assignment objective. Was there any portion of the assignment that was particularly interesting or difficult?
Galaxy
Classification Type
Interesting Features
Andromeda
M33
LMC
SMC
M51
M58
M60
M63
M81
M82
M86
M87
M88
M90
M91
M94
M99
M100
M102
M106
M109
...
Galaxies
This document discusses different types of galaxies including elliptical galaxies, spiral galaxies, and irregular galaxies. It provides details on the Milky Way galaxy, describing it as a spiral galaxy located between type b and c, and notes that our solar system is located in the disk of the Milky Way galaxy, about 14 light years above the equatorial plane and 26,000-28,000 light years from the center. The document also discusses quasars and black holes, noting that quasars are very luminous and energetic distant galactic nuclei that get their energy from black holes.
Ppt3 components of the universe
The document outlines key concepts about components of the universe that students will research and present on, including: stars, which are balls of gas that generate energy from nuclear fusion; nebulae, which are nurseries where stars form from condensing gas and dust; galaxies, made up of millions of stars held together by gravity that can be elliptical, spiral, or irregular in shape; and black holes, dense areas with powerful gravity from which even light cannot escape. Students will choose one topic to create a PowerPoint presentation on with slides defining their topic, explaining how it forms or is classified, highlighting a specific example, and listing references. They will present their project to classmates.
Chapter 10 Formation Of The Solar System1
1) A galaxy is a large group of stars, dust, and gas that are classified based on their shape into spiral, elliptical, or irregular galaxies.
2) Spiral galaxies have a central bulge and spiral arms where new stars are forming, and usually contain nebulae and open star clusters.
3) Elliptical galaxies are mostly made up of older stars in a blob-like shape, while irregular galaxies have been distorted by interactions with other galaxies.
03 space
The document is a quiz about astronomy. It contains questions about the uses of telescopes, famous astronomers, parts of telescopes, and locations of telescopes in space. It asks students to work in pairs to complete the quiz, then check their answers. The questions cover topics like the purpose of telescopes, who invented the first telescope, parts of a traditional telescope, famous Uzbek astronomers, and the location of the Hubble telescope.
Astronomy NC 2014
The document provides information about astronomy and the study of stars and space. It begins with an introduction to the Big Bang theory, including that all matter was once condensed in a single point about 13.8 billion years ago. It then discusses evidence for the Big Bang, including the cosmic background radiation and composition of matter in the universe. The document also covers topics like the expansion of the universe, the electromagnetic spectrum, spectroscopy, and the Doppler effect. It provides summaries of the geocentric and heliocentric models of the universe, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and Newton's laws of gravity. Additional sections describe the structure of the sun, life cycles of stars, Earth's place in the universe, and properties of the
Ch 20 -galaxies
The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy that is warped due to gravitational interactions with its neighboring dwarf galaxies, the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. It is composed of stars, gas, dust, and contains over 200 billion stars. The Milky Way is home to our solar system and planet Earth.
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Sp10Name ________________________________Lab Report for Lab #.docx
Sp10Name ________________________________Lab Report for Lab #.docx
Module 05 – A Universe of Galaxies Edwin Hubble’s observations o.docx
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The document provides an agenda for a Friday chemistry class that includes:
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Monday may 28th
- 1. Agenda: May 28th, 2013 1) Presentation groups get ready and leave to classrooms 2) Warm-up – 5 min 3) Introduction to Galaxies – 10 min 4) Categorizing Galaxies Activity – 25 min 5) Present Findings – 15 min 6) Project Work time – 45 min 7) Exit Slip – 5 min
- 2. Warm-up Please answer the following questions on your worksheet 1) What is a galaxy? 2) What do you know about galaxies? 3) What do you know about different types of galaxies?
- 3. Introduction to the Galaxy What is a galaxy? A galaxy is a cluster of billions of stars, dust, and gas all held together by gravity. Galaxies are scattered throughout the Universe. They vary greatly in size and shape. Not all galaxies look alike.
- 4. This is a galaxy This is a galaxy This is also a galaxy Did you notice how the galaxies don't look alike?
- 5. When telescopes led to the discovery of galaxies, astronomers observed many differences. In 1926, an astronomer named Edwin Hubble decided to classify the galaxies He could have classified the galaxies by color, or size, but he decided to classify them according to shape
- 6. This is also a galaxy Did you notice how the galaxies don't look alike? There are 3 main types of galaxies, starting with the elliptical galaxies. Hubble used the letter “E” to label elliptical galaxies. Let's take a closer look at this type
- 7. When telescopes led to the discovery of galaxies, astronomers observed many differences. In 1926, an astronomer named Edwin Hubble decided to classify the galaxies He could have classified the galaxies by color, or size, but he decided to classify them according to shape Most galaxies are elliptical. Some elliptical galaxies are circular, while others are extremely stretched out. To deal with this variation, Hubble divided the "E" classification into 8 sub-groups: "E0", "E1", "E2", "E3", "E4", "E5", "E6", and "E7". E0 galaxies are nearly circular in shape. While E7 galaxies are extremely stretched out
- 9. Spiral galaxies Hubble called the second type of galaxy you saw a spiral galaxy. It reminded him of whirlpool. He used the letter "S" to stand for spiral galaxies. A difference between elliptical and spiral galaxies is that spiral galaxies have a bright center, which he called “nuclei”. He classified galaxies with spiral arms into four sub-groups that described how tightly the arms were wound around the nucleus. Let's take a look
- 10. S0(S-zero). Bright nuclei, no arms Sa: tightly wound arms Sb: arms less tightly wound Sc: very loose arms
- 11. The third type of galaxy reminded Hubble of a spiral with a solid bar across the center. He called it a barred spiral galaxy. He used the letters "SB" to stand for barred spirals. Bar spiral galaxies
- 12. In some spiral galaxies, the arms spiral out, not from the center, but from a straight bar of stars, gas, and dust that extends from both sides of the bright nucleus. Hubble classified these barred spirals into sub-groups "a" to "c" in order of increasing openness of the arms SBa SBb SBc
- 13. Some galaxies don't fit either of these three shapes, and are called irregular galaxies
- 14. Edwin Hubble arranged the main types of galaxies and the sub-types into a chart that has come to be called "The Tuning Fork Diagram".
- 15. Think you got it? You will now show what you've learned by categorizing different galaxies into the 3 main types! Mr. Lee will give you your ziploc bag and instructions.
- 16. Project work time We will spend the rest of the period working on our science projects. Please note that we will use the same classroom rules: 1 warning for classroom noise, and after, the individual or class will work in our textbooks.
- 17. Please note All non-presentation groups will be presenting in our class on Friday. Your presentations only need to be 1-3 minutes long. Bernadette's group will present in Mr. Nemiroff's class from 8:20-8:40am
- 18. Please note All non-presentation groups will be presenting in our class on Friday. Your presentations only need to be 1-3 minutes long. Sammy's group will present in Ms. Miller's class Friday from 10:35-10:55am