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WHAT IS
DISEASE??

Disruption in the functioning of any
tissue , organ or organ system is
defined as a disease.
TYPES OF DISEASES
Infectious Diseases
Non Infectious
 Diseases
INFECTIOUS
DISEASE
 Diseases which spread from diseased person
 to healthy person by means of
 air, food, insects, physical contact etc. These
 are caused by microbes and other pathogens
 like bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoan etc.
NON INFECTIOUS
        DISEASE
 Disease which do not spread from diseased
 person to healthy person is called non
 infectious disease. These are not caused any
 pathogen or living organism. They are
 mostly due too internal causes.
MALARIA
 Malaria is an infectious disease caused by
protozoa. It is more common in Africa and Asia. It
is estimated that about 300 million people are
infected with malaria every year and more than 2
million die annually due to this disease.
CAUSES OF
MALARIA…
 Malaria is caused by the toxins produced in
 the human body the malarial parasite
 Plasmodium. Presence of malarial parasite
 can be checked by blood test.
MODE OF
   TRANSMISSION
Plasmodium is transmitted by female Anopheles
mosquit0. When tis mosquito bites man to suck
blood it introduces its saliva containing the malarial
parasite into blood stream of the man.
SYMPTOMS
Malarial attack is preceded by
headache, nausea and muscular pain. Total
period of malarial attack is of 6-10 hours and
can be divided into 3 stages:

 Cold Stage – Characterized by chill and
  shivering.
 Hot Stage – Characterized by high fever
  (106’F), faster rate of breathing and heart
  beat.
 Sweating Stage – It is characterized by
  lowering down of temperature to normal.
PREVENTIO
       N
• Use of insect repellants to prevent mosquito.
• Wire gauzing of doors, windows, etc. to check
  the entry of mosquitoes.
• Killing of adult mosquitoes by spraying
  insecticides like D.D.T. and B.H.C.
• All the mosquito breeding places should be
  destroyed or covered or sprayed kerosene oil.
• Sleeping under mosquito nets.
• Taking care of coolers, flower pots and
  uncovered water to prevent breeding of
  mosquit0es.
CONTROL
A number of anti- malarial drugs are
available. The commonest anti- malarial
drug is quinine (which is extracted from
the bark of Cinchona tree.) Efforts are
being made for the development of an
anti- malarial vaccine.
Mona
Mona

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Mona

  • 1.
  • 2. WHAT IS DISEASE?? Disruption in the functioning of any tissue , organ or organ system is defined as a disease.
  • 3. TYPES OF DISEASES Infectious Diseases Non Infectious Diseases
  • 4. INFECTIOUS DISEASE Diseases which spread from diseased person to healthy person by means of air, food, insects, physical contact etc. These are caused by microbes and other pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoan etc.
  • 5.
  • 6. NON INFECTIOUS DISEASE Disease which do not spread from diseased person to healthy person is called non infectious disease. These are not caused any pathogen or living organism. They are mostly due too internal causes.
  • 7.
  • 8. MALARIA Malaria is an infectious disease caused by protozoa. It is more common in Africa and Asia. It is estimated that about 300 million people are infected with malaria every year and more than 2 million die annually due to this disease.
  • 9.
  • 10. CAUSES OF MALARIA… Malaria is caused by the toxins produced in the human body the malarial parasite Plasmodium. Presence of malarial parasite can be checked by blood test.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. MODE OF TRANSMISSION Plasmodium is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquit0. When tis mosquito bites man to suck blood it introduces its saliva containing the malarial parasite into blood stream of the man.
  • 14.
  • 15. SYMPTOMS Malarial attack is preceded by headache, nausea and muscular pain. Total period of malarial attack is of 6-10 hours and can be divided into 3 stages:  Cold Stage – Characterized by chill and shivering.  Hot Stage – Characterized by high fever (106’F), faster rate of breathing and heart beat.  Sweating Stage – It is characterized by lowering down of temperature to normal.
  • 16.
  • 17. PREVENTIO N • Use of insect repellants to prevent mosquito. • Wire gauzing of doors, windows, etc. to check the entry of mosquitoes. • Killing of adult mosquitoes by spraying insecticides like D.D.T. and B.H.C. • All the mosquito breeding places should be destroyed or covered or sprayed kerosene oil. • Sleeping under mosquito nets. • Taking care of coolers, flower pots and uncovered water to prevent breeding of mosquit0es.
  • 18.
  • 19. CONTROL A number of anti- malarial drugs are available. The commonest anti- malarial drug is quinine (which is extracted from the bark of Cinchona tree.) Efforts are being made for the development of an anti- malarial vaccine.