Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is a bacterial infection that can spread through the lymph nodes and bloodstream to any organ in your body. It is most often found in the lungs.

1. Interdisciplinary Project
Class- IX-A
Group-6

2. Why do bacteria invade the body?
• The main reason why bacteria invade the
bodies of human beings and other animals is
because those bodies harbor environments
where the bacteria can survive and multiply.
Body fluids, such as plasma, are rich in sugars,
vitamins, minerals and other chemicals which
bacteria can use as nutrients.

3. By direct contact with a person who is
infected with that bacterium. A common
example of this method of infection is
Meningitis, which is caused by the bacterium
Neisseria Meningitidis.
By consuming contaminated food or water.
Many infections happen this way, such as
Salmonella, Cholera and Typhoid.

4. • Through dust or liquid droplets in the air.
Tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, can be contracted in
this way, by coming into contact with sputum
expectorated (coughed-up) by a person infected by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• By puncture wounds, such as animal or inset bites.
Examples include the Rabies virus, which can be
contracted through a bite from an infected animal,
and Malaria, which can be contracted through a bite
from a mosquito that carries the malaria virus.

5. From Incurable to Curable
to Eradication??

7. Tuberculosis
• Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is a bacterial
infection that can spread through the lymph nodes
and bloodstream to any organ in your body. It is most
often found in the lungs. Most people who are
exposed to TB never develop symptoms because the
bacteria can live in an inactive form in the body. But
if the immune system weakens, such as in people
with HIV or elderly adults, TB bacteria can become
active. In their active state, TB bacteria cause death
of tissue in the organs they infect. Active TB disease
can be fatal if left untreated.

8. When it enters our body:
• The person becomes infected with TB.
• The body detects it’s invasion and sends out
it’s sends special type of cells which engulf
this bacterium and form a bond. If it is
neutralized the patients has LATENT TB.
• It’s means that he/she is NOT SICK but in
5% of the cases, where the immune system is
overwhelmed they can become ACTIVE.

9. The human body protects itself from infection in
many different ways. The first lines of defence are
known as barrier defences. The main points of entry
into the body are the skin, the eyes, the respiratory
tract and the gastrointestinal tract.
The skin protects itself by exuding secretions from
the sweat and sebaceous glands, which contain fatty
acids that inhibit the growth of bacteria. Also, the
skin is constantly renewing itself, by allowing the top
layers of cells to die and be replaced by newer cells
from underneath.
What does the body do to protect
itself?

10. The stomach protects itself by containing a
strong acid, in which it is very difficult for
bacteria to survive.
The intestines are protected by the fact there is
already a large population of bacteria living
there, which means that any invading bacteria
has to compete with the existing bacteria to find
a niche for itself. The existing bacteria, known as
the normal flora, occupy most of the available
niches, produce anti-biotic chemicals which
inhibit invaders, and may also outcompete
invaders for the available food supply.
If the invading organism manages to bypass all
of these defenses, the immune system then
swings into action.

11. Prevention
To avoid getting an active TB infection:
• Do not spend long periods of time in stuffy,
enclosed rooms with anyone who has active TB
until that person has been treated for at least 2
weeks.
• Use protective measures, such as face masks, if
you work in a facility that cares for people who
have untreated TB.
• If you live with someone who has active TB, help
and encourage the person to follow treatment
instructions.

12. Home Treatment
• Healthy eating and exercise
• During treatment for TB, eat healthy foods
and get enough sleep and some exercise to
help your body fight the infection.
• If you are losing too much weight, eat
balanced meals with enough protein and
calories to help you keep weight on. If you
need help, ask to talk with a registered
dietitian.

13. Be Safe!

14. Made by:-MUSKAN TANWAR
This task was assigned to Pushpanjali of class IX-A
from group 6. The powerpoint presentation
made by her was not up to the expectations nor
it was according to the topic when asked to
change it she said that
“let it be ma’am won’t see it and if she see I will
talk to her”.
because it is a group work I had to do her task or
else we won’t get marks.