IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
DFT vibrationally averaged isotopic dipole moments of propane, propyne and wa...Antônio Arapiraca
Post Born–Oppenheimer isotopic effects and zero-point vibrational averages were previously inbodied in calculations of the dipole moments of isotopic species of some apolar molecules within the HF-SCF approximation (Arapiraca, 2011) [27]. Many other molecules, however, demand the inclusion of electronic correlation for this goal. Here, DFT calculations are reported for the isotopic effects on dipole moments of molecules with increasing permanent dipole moments, namely propane ( 0.1 debye), propyne (0.7 debye) and water (1.9 debye). The results account well for the experimental values and isotopic trends of the dipole moments of these molecules. 2014 Elsevier
Fluorescence quenching of 5-methyl-2-phenylindole (MPI) by carbon tetrachlori...IOSR Journals
The fluorescence quenching of 5-methyl-2-phenylindole (MPI) by carbon tetrachloride by steady state in different solvents, and by transient method in benzene has been carried out at room temperature. The Stern–Volmer (SV) plot has been found to be non-linear with a positive deviation for all the solvents studied. In order to interpret these results we have invoked the ground state complex and sphere of action static quenching models. Using these models various rate parameters have been determined. The magnitudes of these parameters imply that sphere of action static quenching model agrees well with the experimental results. Hence the positive deviation in the SV plots is attributed to the static and dynamic quenching. Further, from the studies of temperature dependence of rate parameters and lifetime measurements, it could be explained that the positive deviation is due to the presence of a small static quenching component in the overall dynamic quenching. With the use of finite sink approximation model, it was possible to check whether these bimolecular reactions as diffusion limited and to estimate independently distance parameter R′ and mutual diffusion coefficient D. Finally an effort has been made to correlate the values of R′ and D with the values of the encounter distance R and the mutual diffusion coefficient D determined using the Edward's empirical relation and Stokes–Einstein relation.
Analysis the Role of Oxygen, Light Intensity, Threshold Dose and Efficacy Imp...CrimsonpublishersCancer
The role of oxygen, cell killing threshold dose and efficacy improvement of anti-cancer via type-II phototherapy are analyzed by both analytic formulas and numerical data. Higher initial photoinitiator (PS) concentration (C0) and/or light intensity (I0) has a faster efficacy, due to faster depletion of PS and oxygen concentration. Without the external oxygen supply, higher C0 or I0 produces more efficient singlet oxygen, resulting a higher transient efficacy, but they reach the same steady-state value when oxygen is completely depleted. With the external oxygen supply, higher efficacy (with no steady-state limitation), or lower cell viability are achieved. The overall efficacy may be enhanced by resupply of PS or oxygen during the light exposure.
A complete introduction to all things chemical kinetics designed specifically for non-chemists to understand. Fair warning: The presentation is very rigorous in its mathematical treatment, which is makes it a useful reference for looking up equations, but this can unfortunately make it less polished and flowing then a typical presentation. I tried my best to spell everything out clearly, but despite my best efforts it's still pretty dense.
วารสารวิชาการเทคโนโลยีพลังงานและสิ่งแวดล้อม
Journal of Energy and Environment Technology
ปีที่ 2 ฉบับที่ 1 เดือน มกราคม - มิถุนายน 2558
Vol. 1, No. 2, January – June [2015]
Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterization of Charge-Transfer Complexes Forme...IJMER
The spectrophotometric characteristics of the solid charge-transfer molecular complexes
(CT) formed in the reaction of the electron donor 2-amino-6-ethylpyridine (2A6EPy) with the π-
acceptors tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and 2,4,4,6-
tetrabromo-2,5-cyclohexadienone (TBCHD) have been studied in chloroform at 25 0C. These were
investigated through electronic, infrared, mass spectra and thermal studies as well as elemental
analysis. The results show that the formed solid CT- complexes have the formulas [(2A6EPy)(TCNE)2],
[(2A6EPy)2(DDQ)], [(2A6EPy)4(TBCHD)] for 2-amino-6-ethylpyridine in full agreement with the
known reaction stoichiometries in solution as well as the elemental measurements. The formation
constant kCT, molar extinction coefficient εCT, free energy change ∆G
0
and CT energy ECT have been
calculated for the CT- complexes [(2A6EPy)(TCNE)2], [(2A6EPy)2(DDQ)].
Tiled bitmap algorithm and forensic analysis of data tampering (an evolutiona...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
DFT vibrationally averaged isotopic dipole moments of propane, propyne and wa...Antônio Arapiraca
Post Born–Oppenheimer isotopic effects and zero-point vibrational averages were previously inbodied in calculations of the dipole moments of isotopic species of some apolar molecules within the HF-SCF approximation (Arapiraca, 2011) [27]. Many other molecules, however, demand the inclusion of electronic correlation for this goal. Here, DFT calculations are reported for the isotopic effects on dipole moments of molecules with increasing permanent dipole moments, namely propane ( 0.1 debye), propyne (0.7 debye) and water (1.9 debye). The results account well for the experimental values and isotopic trends of the dipole moments of these molecules. 2014 Elsevier
Fluorescence quenching of 5-methyl-2-phenylindole (MPI) by carbon tetrachlori...IOSR Journals
The fluorescence quenching of 5-methyl-2-phenylindole (MPI) by carbon tetrachloride by steady state in different solvents, and by transient method in benzene has been carried out at room temperature. The Stern–Volmer (SV) plot has been found to be non-linear with a positive deviation for all the solvents studied. In order to interpret these results we have invoked the ground state complex and sphere of action static quenching models. Using these models various rate parameters have been determined. The magnitudes of these parameters imply that sphere of action static quenching model agrees well with the experimental results. Hence the positive deviation in the SV plots is attributed to the static and dynamic quenching. Further, from the studies of temperature dependence of rate parameters and lifetime measurements, it could be explained that the positive deviation is due to the presence of a small static quenching component in the overall dynamic quenching. With the use of finite sink approximation model, it was possible to check whether these bimolecular reactions as diffusion limited and to estimate independently distance parameter R′ and mutual diffusion coefficient D. Finally an effort has been made to correlate the values of R′ and D with the values of the encounter distance R and the mutual diffusion coefficient D determined using the Edward's empirical relation and Stokes–Einstein relation.
Analysis the Role of Oxygen, Light Intensity, Threshold Dose and Efficacy Imp...CrimsonpublishersCancer
The role of oxygen, cell killing threshold dose and efficacy improvement of anti-cancer via type-II phototherapy are analyzed by both analytic formulas and numerical data. Higher initial photoinitiator (PS) concentration (C0) and/or light intensity (I0) has a faster efficacy, due to faster depletion of PS and oxygen concentration. Without the external oxygen supply, higher C0 or I0 produces more efficient singlet oxygen, resulting a higher transient efficacy, but they reach the same steady-state value when oxygen is completely depleted. With the external oxygen supply, higher efficacy (with no steady-state limitation), or lower cell viability are achieved. The overall efficacy may be enhanced by resupply of PS or oxygen during the light exposure.
A complete introduction to all things chemical kinetics designed specifically for non-chemists to understand. Fair warning: The presentation is very rigorous in its mathematical treatment, which is makes it a useful reference for looking up equations, but this can unfortunately make it less polished and flowing then a typical presentation. I tried my best to spell everything out clearly, but despite my best efforts it's still pretty dense.
วารสารวิชาการเทคโนโลยีพลังงานและสิ่งแวดล้อม
Journal of Energy and Environment Technology
ปีที่ 2 ฉบับที่ 1 เดือน มกราคม - มิถุนายน 2558
Vol. 1, No. 2, January – June [2015]
Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterization of Charge-Transfer Complexes Forme...IJMER
The spectrophotometric characteristics of the solid charge-transfer molecular complexes
(CT) formed in the reaction of the electron donor 2-amino-6-ethylpyridine (2A6EPy) with the π-
acceptors tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and 2,4,4,6-
tetrabromo-2,5-cyclohexadienone (TBCHD) have been studied in chloroform at 25 0C. These were
investigated through electronic, infrared, mass spectra and thermal studies as well as elemental
analysis. The results show that the formed solid CT- complexes have the formulas [(2A6EPy)(TCNE)2],
[(2A6EPy)2(DDQ)], [(2A6EPy)4(TBCHD)] for 2-amino-6-ethylpyridine in full agreement with the
known reaction stoichiometries in solution as well as the elemental measurements. The formation
constant kCT, molar extinction coefficient εCT, free energy change ∆G
0
and CT energy ECT have been
calculated for the CT- complexes [(2A6EPy)(TCNE)2], [(2A6EPy)2(DDQ)].
Tiled bitmap algorithm and forensic analysis of data tampering (an evolutiona...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Survey of analysis and performance of ofdm signals in time and frequency disp...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design of a low cost temperature controller for high temperature furnaces use...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design and development of load sharing multipath routing protcol for mobile a...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Thermodynamic behavior of tetrahydrofuron in p dioxane, methylcyclohexane and...eSAT Journals
Abstract The liquid state is intermediate in its properties of solid and gas. There are many attempt to develop a theory of liquid state are based on simple consideration of molecular behaving like hard sphere having attractive forces as perturbative forces. The equation of state for Lenard Jones fluid has been derived in the formation an expression for work, obtained from partition function through perturbation approach and found faithful reproduction of ultrasonic velocity and density data , theoretically at the given temperature. It has been applied to the binary liquid mixtures of tetrahydrofuron in p-dioxane methylcyclohexane and cyclohexanol. There is a close agreement with experimental values. The thermodynamic picture build up in this formulation could be considered as a good representation of molecular cluster in liquid state. Keywords: Ultrasonic velocity, tetrahydrofuron, p-dioxane, methylcyclohexane, cyclohexanol, adiabatic compressibility, molar volume
Values of dielectric constant (ɛ') and dielectric loss (ɛ") have been experimentally determined for binary liquid mixtures of acetonitrile + n-butyl alcohol at 10.75 GHz microwave frequencies at 300C and over the complete mole fraction range. The values of ɛ' and ɛ" have been used to evaluate the loss tangent ( tan ),
molar polarization (P12), apparent polarization (P2) and a.c. conductivity ( p ).The results are discussed in
terms of intermolecular interactions. The results are positive over the entire range of composition.
Viscosity, density and refractive index measurement of pure liquid and binary liquid mixtures were carried out at 300C. The values of viscosity have been used to evaluate the activation energy (Ea). The surface tension has been experimentally determined for pure liquid and binary liquid mixtures at 300C. These parameters have been used to explain the formation of hydrogen bonding and formation of complex in the binary liquid mixtures.
Ultrasonic and Volumetric Investigations of -Butyrolactone with Aliphatic Al...IJERA Editor
Densities () and speeds of sound (u) have been determined for the binary liquid mixtures of -butyrolactone (GBL) with 1-propanol (1-Pro), 2-propanol (2-Pro), 1-butanol (1-But) and 2-butanol (2-But) at 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K and entire composition range. From the experimental results, the excess molar volume (VE), and deviation in isentropic compressibility (s) were calculated. The computed properties have been fitted to a Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation to derive binary coefficients and standard deviations.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Role of heterocyclic dye (methylene blue) with reductant and micelles in phot...eSAT Journals
Abstract Studies of heterocyclic dye (Methylene blue) with reductant and micelles in photogalvanic cell containing Methylene blue-EDTA-TX-100 system for solar energy conversion and storage The photopotential and photocurrent of the cell is observed 845.0 mV and 420.0 μA respectively. The conversion efficiency and fill factor of the cell are determined 1.08 % and 0.2488 respectively. The storage capacity (performance) of the cell is observed 160.0 minutes in dark. The effects of different parameters on the electrical output of the cell were observed and current-voltage (i-V) characteristics of the cell were also studied. The mechanism is proposed for the generation of photocurrent in photogalvanic cell. Keywords: - Photogalvanic effect1, conversion efficiency2, storage capacity3, fill factor4.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Interaction of Components in Molecular Optoelectronics for the Next Generati...Scientific Review SR
The interaction of molecular optoelectronic components on the molecular scale were studied where
the solvent shell indicating the influence of the medium was found to be surprisingly small. The transport of
energy as resonant energy transfer covers distances of about 5 nm and was shown not to proceed by a simple to
dipole dipole interaction with typical restrictions, but by a more complex mechanism. Furthermore, a novel -type of
far-reaching interactions of electronically excited structures until macroscopic dimensions were fond and may be
applied for addressing molecular structures by conventional electronics
Antibacterial Activity of Schiff Bases Derived from OrthoDiaminocyclohexane, ...inventionjournals
Schiff bases (SBs) are known to possess many biological activities. In this paper we will be interested in nine SBs derived from ortho-diaminocyclohexane, meta-phenylenediamine, 1,6-diaminohexane and benzaldehydes variously substituted by nitro group. We had synthesized, characterized and tested these molecules for their antibacterial properties. Herein our study focuses in particular on the determination of quantum descriptors on which observed antibacterial activity depends, in order to be able to predict biological activities in analogue molecule series. Using quantum chemistry methods at B3LYP / 6-31G (d, p) level, we determined for each molecules, theoretical antibacterial potentials that we correlated to the experimental ones. Calculation results showed that, the energy of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (EHOMO), electronegativity (χ) and electronic energy (E), are the best quantum descriptors related to the antibacterial activity values of studied molecules. The correlation coefficient R 2 indicates that 92.1% of the molecular descriptors defining this model are taken into account with a standard deviation of 0.152.The model significance is reflected by Fischer coefficient F = 7.721: Correlation coefficient of cross-validation = 0.88. This model is acceptable with . The values of the pCE50theo/pCE50exp values of the validation set tend to unity
Studies of Dielectric Constant, Dielectric Loss, Loss Tangent and Dielectric ...IOSRJAP
The arrangement of waves or radiation in order of increasing frequencies is called electromagnetic spectrum. Frequency of microwave region is 300MHz to 300GHz. Corresponding wavelength is in between 1mm to 100cm. Here by using a microwave bench dielectric properties such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss, loss tangent and dielectric relaxationtime of Dichlorobenzene, Bromobenzene and Nitrobenzene in different temperatures at X band frequrency are measured. Gopalakrishnan method is used for determination of relaxation time. Here real (€/ ) and imaginary (€")parts of complex dielectric constant( €*) were determined in the 3cm microwave region for different concentration of Dichlorobenzene, Bromobenzene and Nitrobenzene in Cyclohaxene at temperatures 240C, 330C and 410C .The measurement were made at a frequency of 9.98GHz. From the study of relaxation time polarity of above three compounds are studied. From the structural point of view the most interesting Dielectric Relaxation is that involving orientation polarization which depends on the internal structure of molecules and on the molecular arrangement or structure of the dielectric. Dielectric relaxation is the lag in dipole orientation behind an alternating electric field. From the study it is found that relaxation time of these solute is more in Cyclohexane then in Benzene. This behavour can be explained from the fact that Cyclohexane has more internal friction than Benzene.
Viscosities and deviations in viscosity for binary mixtures of tetrahydrofura...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The viscosities, η of pure tetrahydrofuran, propanol-1 and butanol-1and some of their binary mixtures covering the whole
composition range have been measured at temperatures 303.15 K. From the experimental η, the deviations in viscosity (Δη) have
been calculated. Excess free energy for viscous flow, ΔG#E has also been evaluated. The concentration dependences of η were
correlated to polynomial expressions, whereas, Δη and ΔG#E were fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation. For all systems, Δη were
found to be negative in the whole range of composition with a single lobe.
Keywords: Viscosity, Tetrahydrofuran, Propanol-1, Butanol-1.
Ultrasonic investigation of bio liquid mixtures of methanol with cinnamaldehy...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Investigation of molecular interaction of amino acids in aqueous n propanol s...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The physical properties that has been investigated are, density (ρ),viscosity (η), and ultrasonic velocity (U) of L-valine, L- leucine and L-glutamine in aqueous n-propanol solution (0%-30%) in steps of 10% at 308.15K have been measured. The derived acoustical parameters namely adiabatic compressibility (β), apparent molal compressibility (ϕK), apparent molal volume (ϕV), limiting apparent molal compressibility(ϕ°K), limiting apparent molal volume(ϕ°V) and their constants (sk, sv), transfer adiabatic compressibility (Δϕ°K), transfer volume(Δϕ°V) , and viscosity B-coefficient are calculated using the experimental data. The change that has been observed in the parameter with respect to molality of the solute has been interpreted in terms of ion-ion and ion- solvent interactions.
Key words: Molecular interaction, solute-solvent interaction, ion-ion interaction, ion-solvent interaction.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
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Final project report on grocery store management system..pdf
Molecular interaction analysis of polar liquids
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 01 | Jan-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 259
MOLECULAR INTERACTION ANALYSIS OF POLAR LIQUIDS
ACETONITRILE, ACEOPHENONE, 2-PROPANOL IN NON-POLAR
BENZENE SOLVENT TREATED WITH MICROWAVE FREQUENCY
D. K. Gupta1
, Uthaya Kumar. B2
, G. Meenakshi3
1,3
Associate Professor, 2
Research Scholar, Department of Physics, Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Lawspet,
Puducherry, India
Abstract
The study of dielectric liquid behaviour under different exposure is one of the most fascinating frontiers in solid state physics. It
has undoubtedly render considerable service to every physicist doing research in this field. The increasing desire to understand
the molecular interactions have led to conduct the present study, which deals with a certain group of polar compounds such as (i)
Acetonitrile (AN), (ii) Acetophenone (AP) and (iii) 2-Propanol (2-P) with a non-polar compound benzene. The dielectric
behaviour of individual compound, binary mixtures and their ratios have been studied at microwave frequency of 21.68GHz in
non-polar solvent (benzene) at constant temperature 300K. Different dielectric parameters like dielectric constant ε’ and
dielectric loss ε” at microwave frequency, static dielectric constant εs at 1 KHz frequency, dielectric constant ε∞ at optical
frequency have been determined. Using these dielectric data, dipole moment µ, various relaxation time viz (i) molecular
relaxation time τ(1) (ii) overall relaxation time of a molecule τ(2) and (iii) average relaxation time τ(υ), distribution parameter (α) of
individual compound, binary mixtures and their ratios in dilute solutions of benzene also have been determined experimentally.
Weight fraction method is used for changing the concentration of solute in solvent. The observed results are discussed on the
basis of various types if relaxation processes, which change with the size, shape and type of interaction.
Key Words: Molecular Iteraction, Relaxation Time and Dielectric Constant
----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The dielectric studies are used for knowing the nature and
stength of intermolecular interactions in pure liquids and
their mixtures. Particularly the microwave dielectric studies
give information about the alignment of neighbouring
molecules as well as the types of assoviation in the systems.
This study also yields information regarding the sturcture
and the nature of molecular orientation process.The
molecular relaxation behaviour shaows characteristic
interaction and structural features in liquids. The present
work consists of dielectric relaxation and absorption studies
of some polar liquids and their mixtures in non-polar solvent
benzene at microwave frequency (K-Band) 21.68 GHz.
Different dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant,
relaxation time, distribution parameter and dipole moment
are calculated using the experimentally observed values. It is
observed that relaxation behaviour depends upon the
concentration of individual polar liquids and their ratio of
binary mixtures in benzene.
2. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION
The dielectric constant (ε’) and dielectric loss (ε”) of
samples are obtained by using the following equation of
Poley’s method1
.
ε’ = [λ0/ λc]2
++++[λ0/ λd]2
[1-{αd λd/2Π}2
] ε” = (1/Π)[λ0/ λc]2
αd
λd
Where,
αd =[2λg/ λd
2
] [dρmean/dn]
is the attenuation constant in the dielectric,
λ0 – Free space wavelength of microwave
λc – Cut off wavelength in the wave guide
λd - Wavelength of mirowave radiation in dielectric
Dielectric constant (ε∞ ) of the samples at optical frequency
are computed with Abbe’s refractometer using sodium d-
line. Static dielectric constant (εs) of the samples are
measured with LCR bridge. The expressions used to
compute distribution parameter (α) and various relaxation
time are as follows2-8
:
α = 1-(2/Π)tan-1
[A/B]
Where, A = a”(a0 - a∞) B =
(a0 - a’)(a’ - a∞) – a’’2
C = (a’ - a∞)2
+
a’’2
a0, a’, a’’ and a∞ are the slopes obtained by plotting εs , ε’, ε”
and ε͚ versus weight fraction.
τ(1) = [a”/w (a’ - a∞)]
τ(2) = [a0 - a’/w a”]
τ(3) = √ τ(1) τ(2)
The experiment set up used for this study is shown in figure
1.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The calculated values of relaxation times, distribution
parameters (α), dipole moments and Higgasi parameters for
the three polar liquids namely acetonitrile (AN),
acetophenone(AP), 2-propanol (2-P) and their binary
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 01 | Jan-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 260
mixtures in the ratios (1:3), (1:1), and (3:1) in polar solvent
benzene are given in table 1. From the table it is observed
that the increase in the proportion of acetonitrile in the
binary mixtures, shows increase in the Higgasi parameter
values of a0, a’, and a’’. This shows high reactive nature of
acetonitrile in the mixture. The reactive nature of
acetonitrile is found to be greater than acetophenone. The
positive value of a∞ for acetophenone is due to the increase
of refractive index with increase of concentration at optical
frequency while for all other systems it is found to be
reversed.
The values of dipole moments for individual systems and
their binary mixtures for various complexes in benzene are
determined by two different methods such as Guggenheim
and Higgasi. The dipole moment in both the cases agree
with each other and also with the literature values. It
confirms the validity of the experimental results obtained. It
is also observed that the dipole moments of AN+AP, AN+2-
P and AP+2-P in benzene.
The variation of relaxation times viz.. (i) molecular
relaxation time τ(1), (ii) overall relaxation time of a molecule
τ(2) and (iii) average relaxation time τ(ν) of AN+AP, AN+2P
and AP+2-P in benzene versus different ratio of mixtures
(0:1, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1 and 1:0) are plotted in figures 2 to 4. In
the case of AN+AP and AN+2-P in benzene, the (1:1) ratio
shows lower value if τ(1), τ(2), τ(0), as shown in Figure 4. The
variation of τ(0) gradually increases with increase of ratios
from 0:1 to 1:0. The rapid increase of τ(2) with increase of
ratios shows the higher contribution of acetophenone in 2-
propanol. It reveals the rigid nature of acetyl group present
in the acetophenone compare with alcoholic group in 2-
propanol.
The non-linear variation of relaxation time of different ratios
of one of the system is interpreted as possible solute-solute
molecular association in the binary mixtures. In the present
case the non-linear variation of the relaxation time with the
change of proportion of acetonitrile in the binary mixture
shows the presence of solute-solute molecular association.
The value of relaxation time is maximum at 3:1 ratio of
AN+AP and AN+ 2-P binary mixtures in benzene. This
indicates that the molecular association is maximum at 3:1
ratio.
In the case of acetonitrile in (1:1) ratio, the fall of relaxation
time with the addition of acetophenone indicates the
presence of solute-solvent association in addition to the
solute-solute association. The molecular association arises
because of the interaction of negative fractional charge at
the site of nitrogen atom acetonitrile (CH3CN) molecule and
a fraction of positive charge on the carbon atom of
acetophenone9
. In general, the observed result, show the
high associative nature of acetonitrile compared to 2-
propanol and acetophenone. The variation of distribution
parameter of individual systems and other complexes
confirms the presence of more than one relaxation
mechanism. It also confirms the high associative nature of
acetonitrile compare to 2-propanol and acetophenone.
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of K-Band Microwave bench
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 01 | Jan-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 261
Table 1: Calculated values of relaxation times, distribution parameters, dipole moments and Higassi parameters for various
systems in Benzene at 300K
Systems Relaxation Time(Ps) Dipole
Moments
Higassi Parameters
τ(1) τ(2) τ(0) α μ(g) μ(h) a0 a’ a’’ a∞
Acectonitrile(AN)
Acetophenone(AP)
2-Propanol (2-P)
AN+AP(1:3)
AN+AP(1:1)
AN+AP(3:1)
AN+2-P(1:3)
AN+2-P(1:1)
AN+2-P(3:1)
AP+2-P(1:3)
AP+2-P(1:1)
AP+2-P(3:1)
2.8359
1.7609
1.7813
2.3914
2.2956
2.7556
2.4049
2.3058
2.7505
1.7688
1.7733
1.7632
29.1615
27.1659
6.4383
19.5225
7.7235
24.0989
18.6484
9.2452
23.1195
12.2387
17.8252
23.5410
8.2217
7.1659
3.3865
6.8327
4.2107
8.1490
6.6968
4.6171
7.9743
4.6527
5.6222
6.4426
.9997
.8408
.3034
.5703
.3228
.5830
.5595
.3787
.5784
.5020
.5998
.6573
3.9145
3.0219
1.6625
3.6327
3.4963
4.2648
2.6995
2.6854
3.6914
2.0175
2.3472
2.7012
3.9095
3.0205
1.6604
3.6321
3.4523
4.2593
2.6565
2.6766
3.6491
2.0025
2.3412
2.6818
39.7250
8.3050
4.5780
14.1600
15.7920
31.8688
13.3688
14.8750
30.9300
5.5100
6.4415
7.3700
17.3800
4.3088
3.7100
7.5800
11.8444
14.1100
7.1215
10.5450
13.9600
3.8600
4.0126
4.1600
6.8838
1.0063
0.9900
2.4750
3.7532
5.4113
2.4600
3.4392
5.3900
0.9900
1.0006
1.0013
-0.4450
0.1125
-0.3712
-0.0200
-0.1613
-0.3100
-0.3900
-0.4075
-0.4300
-0.2500
-0.1200
-0.0100
α- Distribution Parameter,(AN)- Acectonitrile, (AP)- Acetophenone, (2-P)- 2-Propanol
Figure 2: Variation of relaxation times with ratio of
mixtures (AN+AP) in Benzene
Figure 3: Variation of relaxation times with ratio of
mixtures (AN+2-P) in Benzene
Figure 4: Variation of relaxation times with ratio of
mixtures (AP+2-P) in Benzene
4. CONCLUSION
In this paper the relaxation mechanism of some individual
polar component and various ratios of their binary mixtures
in non-polar solvent benzene is suitably interpreted on the
basis of short range interactions such as solute and solute-
solvent molecular interactions, arise when the molecules
comes closure to each other at microwave frequency. The
strong associative nature of polar liquids may be useful in
partial fulfillment of the need for using these dielectric
liquids for commercial purpose.
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4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 01 | Jan-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 262
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