Module One Discussion Part 1Chapter 1 PAD3711 Technology in the .docx

Module One Discussion Part 1
Chapter 1 PAD3711 Technology in the Public Sector
1. Locate and summarize an article related to concepts of this
module’s submission box assignment(s) and POST ON THE
DISCUSSION BOARD. Discuss your article in relation to the
reading (in 100 words) and cite the source of your article using
APA format. This is the book Title: Garson, G. D. (2007).
Modern public information technology systems: issues and
challenges. Hershey, PA: IGI Pub. ISBN: 978-159904051-6
2. Respond to two other student’s article summarizations with
your opinion of their articles in 50 words for each
summarization. Responses such as, “I agree” or “Good idea” are
not acceptable and will receive no credit. The response must
add to the scholarly dialogue presenting the reasons for your
opinion and supporting documentation cited.
The exchange of ideas between students regarding a colleague’s
article is a key aspect of on-line learning. Responses to fellow
student’s articles and discussions are to be in depth.
ARTICLES USED FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT CANNOT BE
ARTICLES USED IN ANOTHER ASSIGNMENT OR
ANOTHER COURSE.
THIS WILL AUTOMATICALLY ENTER YOUR DISCUSSION
POSTS INTO TURNITIN AND YOUR GRADE WILL APPEAR
AT THAT LOCATION
Here are the 2 classmates you need to respond to:
#1-
Hello Class,
After reading chapter one in our textbook which speaks about
the importance of computing in an MPA program (masters of

public administration). We are pointed with the fact that back in
1985 there was a special computing education committee that
had made a recommendation to the National Association of
Schools of Public Affairs and Administration (NASPAA) that
there needed to be a sixth skill which would be computing
added to the five other skills (Garson, 2020). This accreditation
would not apply to the classes now or before but starting in
1988. There was research done across three highly respected
journals and six textbooks. In the research of these journals and
textbooks, it was found that computing was barely a topic in
any of these journals or textbooks. With no consistent rubric or
chapter topic on computing there needed to be changes made to
make sure the education on computing was taught in the MPA
program (Northtop, 2020).
Garson, G. D. (2007). Modern public information technology
systems: issues and challenges. Hershey, PA: IGI Pub.
Northrop, A. (1977, April 1). Public Administration: Computing
Education in Public Administration Journals and Textbooks -
Alana Northrop, 1997. Retrieved May 10, 2020, from
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/089443939701500
105
#2-
Computing is vital for the public sector. However,
computing in the public sector has historically not gotten the
attention of college textbooks or academic research. Even
though the workforce and the National Association of Schools
of Public Affairs and Administration (NASPAA) expressed the
need for more education and focus on computing, this simply
did not happen (Garson, 2007). Research shows the topic of
computing was very limited in journals and textbooks. Also not
only were there limited chapters dedicated to computing, but
each subject area also did not touch on computing either
(Garson, 2007). This has become an issue because the public
sector relies on computing. Public sector jobs will be “affected

by technology advancements and innovations” and thus
employees in the public sector may be behind due to lack of
education surrounding computing (Impact of technology, 2019).
References
Garson, G.D. (2007). Modern public information technology
systems: issues and challenges. Hershey, PA: IGI Publishing.
Impact of technology on the public and government sector.
(2019, September 20). Mitrefitch. Retrieved May 10, 2020
from
https://mitrefinch.com/blog/impact-of-technology-on-
the-public-and-government-sector/
Chapter 1
PAD
3
711 Technology in the
Public Sector
module’s submission box
assignment(s) and POST ON THE DISCUSSION BOARD.
Discuss your article in
relation to the reading (in 100 words) and cite the source of
your
article using APA
format.

T
his
is the book
Title: Garson, G. D. (2007). Modern public information
technology systems: issues and challenges. Hershey, PA: IGI
Pub. ISBN: 978
-
159904051
-
6
your opinion of their
articles in 50 words for each summarization. Responses such as,
“I agree” or “Good
idea” are not acceptable and will receive no credit. The res
ponse must add to the
scholarly dialogue presenting the reasons for your opinion and
supporting
documentation cited.
article is a key aspect
of on
-
line learning. Responses to fellow student’s
articles and discussions are to be in
depth.
ARTICLES USED IN
ANOTHER ASSIGNMENT OR ANOTHER COURSE.

POSTS INTO TURNITIN
AND YOUR GRADE WILL APPEAR AT THAT LOCATION
#1
-
Hello Class,
the importance of computing in an MPA
program (masters of public administration). We are
pointed with the fact that back in 1985 there was a
special computing education committee that had made a
recommendation to the National Association
of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration (NASPAA) that
there needed to be a sixth skill which
would
be computing added to the five other skills (Garson, 2020). This
accreditation would not apply to
the classes now or before but starting in 1988. There was
research done across three highly respected
journals and six textbooks. In the research of these jou
rnals and textbooks, it was found that computing
was barely a topic in any of these journals or textbooks. With
no consistent rubric or chapter topic on
computing there needed to be changes made to make sure the
education on computing was taught in
the MPA
program (Northtop, 2020).

Chapter 1 PAD3711 Technology in the Public Sector
module’s submission box
assignment(s) and POST ON THE DISCUSSION BOARD.
Discuss your article in
relation to the reading (in 100 words) and cite the source of
your article using APA
format. This is the book Title: Garson, G. D. (2007). Modern
public information
technology systems: issues and challenges. Hershey, PA: IGI
Pub. ISBN: 978-
159904051-6
your opinion of their
articles in 50 words for each summarization. Responses such as,
“I agree” or “Good
idea” are not acceptable and will receive no credit. The
response must add to the
scholarly dialogue presenting the reasons for your opinion and
supporting
documentation cited.
article is a key aspect
of on-line learning. Responses to fellow student’s articles and
discussions are to be in
depth.
ARTICLES USED IN
ANOTHER ASSIGNMENT OR ANOTHER COURSE.

POSTS INTO TURNITIN
AND YOUR GRADE WILL APPEAR AT THAT LOCATION
#1-
Hello Class,
the importance of computing in an MPA
program (masters of public administration). We are pointed with
the fact that back in 1985 there was a
special computing education committee that had made a
recommendation to the National Association
of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration (NASPAA) that
there needed to be a sixth skill which
would be computing added to the five other skills (Garson,
2020). This accreditation would not apply to
the classes now or before but starting in 1988. There was
research done across three highly respected
journals and six textbooks. In the research of these journals and
textbooks, it was found that computing
was barely a topic in any of these journals or textbooks. With
no consistent rubric or chapter topic on
computing there needed to be changes made to make sure the
education on computing was taught in
the MPA program (Northtop, 2020).
Copyright © 2015. F.A. Davis Company
Nursing Practice and the Law
Chapter 3

*
ObjectivesIdentify three major sources of law.Explain the
differences among various types of laws.Differentiate between
negligence and malpractice.Explain the difference between an
intentional tort and an unintentional tort.
*
Objectives (cont’d)
Explain how Standards of Care are used in determining
negligence and malpractice.Describe how nurse practice acts
guide nursing practice.Explain the purpose of licensure.Explain
the difference between internal standards and external
standards.
*
Objectives (cont’d)Discuss Advance Directives and how they
pertain to patients’ rights.Discuss the legal implications of the
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).

*
Meaning of LawLaw refers to any system of regulations that
govern the conduct of individuals within a community and/or
society in response to the need for regularity, consistency, and
justice.Law is the rules that prescribe and control social conduct
in a formal and legally binding manner.
*
Types of LawsStatutory lawCommon lawAdministrative law
*
Statutory LawCreated by various legislative
bodiesCongressState legislaturesExamples of federal
statutesPatient Self-Determination Act of 1990The Americans

with Disabilities Act
*
Statutory Law (cont’d)Examples of state statutesNurse Practice
ActsGood Samaritan Law
*
Common LawComes from the traditional unwritten law of
England.Based on custom and usage.Develops within the court
system as judicial decisions are made.One decision creates the
precedence for another.
*
Administrative LawProcedures created by administrative
agenciesCity councilsCounty boardsState

governmentEstablished through the authority given to
government agencies by a legislative bodyBoards of Nursing
*
Sources of Law
*
The ConstitutionFoundation of American lawThe Bill of
RightsLimits the power of the government and protects citizens’
freedomsConstitutional law evolves as issues emerge.
*
StatutesLocalities, state legislatures, and the U.S. Congress
create statutes.OrdinancesLocal statutesExample: noise
ordinanceNurses can influence the development of statutory

laws.
*
Administrative LawCreated by administrative agencies that
develop specific rules and regulations that direct the
implementation of statutory law.Rules must be consistent with
statutory laws.Specific statutory laws give state Boards of
Nursing the authority to issue and revoke licenses.
*
AgenciesDepartment of Health and Human ServicesDepartment
of LaborDepartment of Education
*
Types of Laws

*
Criminal LawFelonyMisdemeanorJuvenile
*
Civil LawTortQuasi-intentional tortNegligenceMalpractice
*
Other Laws Relevant to Nursing Practice
*

Good Samaritan LawsCreated to encourage physicians and
nurses to respond to emergenciesProtects licensed health-care
providers from civil liability as long as they “behave in the
same manner as an ordinary, reasonable, and prudent
professional in the same or similar circumstances.”
*
ConfidentialityPatients have the right to
confidentiality.Information should only be shared with others
who have a “need to know.”Need permission to share
informationHIPAA
*
Social NetworkingUse of technology has caused an increase in
violations of confidentiality.Breach of confidentiality without
intentNeed to be aware of institutional policies on social
networkingImmediate terminationCancellation of
contracts/affiliation agreements with outside agencies

*
Slander and LibelQuasi-intentional tortsSlander refers to the
spoken word.Libel refers to the written word.Can refer to
patients, coworkers, or other individuals
*
False ImprisonmentConfining an individual against his or her
willRestrainingDetainingRemoving a patient’s clothesKeeping a
patient who has been medically discharged for an unreasonable
amount of time
*
Assault and BatteryAssault is the threat to do harm.Battery is
touching without consent.The significance of an assault is
embedded in the threat.Often, the terms are used

together.Informed consent
*
Standards of Practice
*
PurposeGuidelines to ensure quality of careCriteria to determine
if quality care has been deliveredMay be specialty
directedAACN standards of careAWHONN standards of care
*
Internal StandardsDeveloped within institutionsUsually
explained within specific policiesIncluded in Policy and
Procedure ManualsBased on current literature and
researchNursing responsibility to meet the institution’s

standards
*
Use of Standards in Nursing Negligence and MalpracticeOne of
the elements used to determine liabilityUse of professional
standardsInstitutional policyStandards of the Specialty
organization if warrantedExpert opinions
*
Patient’s Bill of RightsCreated by the American Hospital
Association in 1973 and amended in 1992In 2003, replaced by
the Patient Care PartnershipThe patient rights were derived
from the ethical principle of autonomy.
*

Informed Consent Informed consent is a legal document in all
50 states.Requires physicians to divulge the benefits, risks and
alternatives to treatment, nontreatment, and/or
procedures.Allows individuals to be involved in choices about
their health care.
*
Informed Consent (cont’d)Permits health-care providers to
“touch.”Physicians are responsible for “obtaining” the informed
consent.Nurses are involved in the process whenWitnessing a
signatureClarifying questionsIf a nurse assesses that a patient
lacks a full understanding of the risks/benefits, the nurse should
notify the physician.
*
Criteria for Informed ConsentA mentally competent adult as
voluntarily given the consent.The client understands exactly
what he or she is consenting to.The consent includes the risks
involved in the procedure, alternative treatments, and risk of
refusal.The consent is written.

*
Implied ConsentOccurs when consent is assumedEmergency
situationsChild is involved and the health-care institution is
unable to reach parents and/or legal guardians
*
Staying Out of Court
*
PreventionPractice caring behaviors.Demonstrate an interest in
patients and their families.Assist patients and families in
making choices by providing information.Maintain
accountability.Adhere to Standards of Practice.

*
DocumentationNeeds to be legally credibleAvoid charting by
exception.Clear, concise, and accurateOnly sign off on
medications once administered.Document assessments after
completion.
*
Keys to Credible
DocumentationContemporaneousAccurateTruthfulAppropriate
*
Common Actions Leading to Malpractice SuitsFailure to assess
properlyFailure to report changes in a patient’s condition to the
appropriate personnelFailure to document in a patient’s
recordAltering or falsifying a patient’s recordFailure to obtain
an informed consentFailure to report a coworker’s negligence or
poor practiceViolation of internal or external standards of

practice
*
What to Do if Named in a SuitContact the legal department of
your institution.Answer the complaint. Obtain legal
guidance/representation.Only sign documents after review by
legal counsel or malpractice insurance company.Maintain a file
of all information connected to the case.BE HONEST.
*
Professional Liability InsuranceNurses need to consider
obtaining insurance.Policies protect nurses against personal
financial loss.If a nurse is found guilty of malpractice the
employing agency has the right to sue the nurse to reclaim
damages.
*

End-of-Life Decisions and the LawDo Not Resuscitate Orders
(DNRs)Advance DirectivesPatient Self-Determination
ActLiving WillHealth-Care Surrogate
*
Patient Self-Determination ActAllows individuals to make
decisions regarding treatment in advance of a time when they
may be unable to make these decisions.Federal law directs that
health-care institutions that receive federal funding inform
patients of their right to create advance directives.
*
Provisions of the ActProvide information to every
patient.Document.All patients must be asked if they have a
Living Will.Ask about a health-care surrogate (Durable Power
of Attorney). Must be placed in the patient’s record.Educate.Be
respectful of patients’ rights.Have cultural humility.

*
Nursing ImplicationsThe Patient Self-Determination Act does
not specify who should discuss treatment decisions or advance
directives with patients.Nurses are patient advocates.Nurses
need to have knowledge about documents pertaining to the
Act.Review institutional policies.
*
Issues Affecting PracticeLegal implications of mandatory
overtimeAffects patient safetyPosition statements from nursing
organizationsNurse Practice
ActsLicensureQualificationsEndorsementMultistateDisciplinary
action
*
NCLEX-RNPreparationReview coursesNCSBN online NCLEX-

RN study programTest planTest plan blueprint changed in April
2013Changes in the blueprint are based on findings from
practice.Level of difficulty increasedAlternative question
formats
*
Preparing for NCLEX-RNBe positive.Use relaxation
techniques.Advance planning.Pack an “NCLEX bag.” Perform a
“dry run” at the same time you would leave to get to the test
site to familiarize yourself with the area, parking, etc.Call the
Center and see if you may bring water or snacks.Eat well and
get a good night’s sleep the night before the test.
*
On the Day of the TestEat before you leave.Leave early and
give yourself sufficient time to arrive at your destination.Bring
a jacket or sweater.
*

ConclusionNurses need to understand the legal issues regarding
practice.It is important to know and understand the Nurse
Practice Acts in your state.Patients expect nurses to provide
safe, competent, and quality care.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
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*
*
*
*
*
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*
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*

*
*
*
Manager
Chapter 2
*
ManagementGetting work done through othersDoing what is
needed to assist employees to work well
*
Management Theories
*

Scientific ManagementEfficiency-focusedIncreasing
productivity is the goalWorkflow and time to complete tasks is
measured and evaluated.
*
Human Relations-Based Management Theory XWork is
something to be avoided.People want to do as little work as
possible.Use: Control Supervision Punishment
*
Human Relations-Based Management Theory YThe work itself
can be rewarding.People really want to do their job
well.Support usingGuidance Development Reward
*
Servant LeadershipPeople have value as people.Commit to
improving treatment at work.Employee first

*
Qualities of an Effective ManagerLeadershipClinical
expertiseBusiness sense
*
Management
DecisionalInterpersonalInformational
*
Behavior of an Effective Manager
InterpersonalNetworking Conflict negotiation and
resolutionEmployee developmentCoachingRewards and
punishments
*
Behavior of an Effective Manager (cont’d)Decisional

activitiesEmployee evaluationResource allocationHiring and
firingPlanning for the futureJob analysis and design
*
Behavior of an Effective Manager (cont’d)Informational
activitiesSpokesperson Monitoring Reporting
*
ConclusionNursing management is a complex, responsible
position.Ineffective managers may
harmEmployeesClientsOrganizations
*
*
*
*
*
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