This document discusses key aspects of earthquake resistant building design. It outlines several important features such as symmetry, regularity, separation of blocks, simplicity, lightness, continuity of construction, and use of ductile materials. These features help reduce horizontal and vertical vibration during an earthquake and minimize damage to the building structure. The document emphasizes designing buildings to be simple and dividing large structures into rectangular blocks to improve earthquake resistance.

1. Module - 5
Advancement in Civil Engineering
Prepared by:
Asst. Prof. Silas Chaudhari
(Civil Department, PSE)
Subject:- BCE
Code:-3110004

2. Smart City
• A city which equipped with basic infrastructure so as to provide a decent
and quality life, a clean and sustainable environment of some smart
solution is called as a smart city.
• Basic infrastructure includes water and electricity reply, sanitation and solid
waste management (SWM), efficient urban mobility and public transport,
robust IT connectivity, e-governance and citizen participation, safety and
security of citizens.

3. Salient Features of Smart city
1. Adequate and assured water supply
2. Assured electricity supply
3. Proper sanitation including better solid waste management.
4. Efficient urban mobility and public transport
5. Robust IT connectivity and digitalization.
6. Affordable housing, especially for the poor.
7. Good governance, especially e-Governance and citizen participation.
8. Sustainable environment
9. Safety and security of citizens, particularly for women, children and old peoples
10. Health and education
11. Eco-friendly atmosphere
12. Promoting mixed land use in area based development
13. Promoting a variety of transport options

4. Salient Features of Smart city
14. Preserving and developing open spaces for parks, playgrounds and recreational centres
in order to enhance the quality of life of citizens, reduce the urban heat effects in areas and
generally maintain the eco- balance.
15. Expand housing opportunities for all.
16. Creating walkable localities so as to reduce congestion, air pollution and resource
depletion, boost local economy, promote interactions and ensure better security. There
should be good road network for vehicles; public transport, pedestrians and cyclists.
17. Giving an identity to the city by providing local cuisine, health education, arts and
crafts; culture, sports goods, furniture, hosiery, textile, dairy etc.
18. Making governance citizens- friendly and cost effective by providing online services
to bring about accountability and transparency, providing services without having to go to
municipal offices; forming e- groups to listen to people and obtain feedback and use online
monitoring of various programs and activities with the aid of cyber systems.

5. Salient Features of Smart city
19. Applying smart solutions to infrastructure and services in area-
based development system so as to make the area better. e.g. make the
area less vulnerable to disasters, using fewer resources.
20. Using the non-conventional energy resource.
21. Using the natural resources for making infrastructure more eco-
friendly.
22. Providing pre and post smart grid communications.
23. Providing automatic traffic signals.
24. Quick accident relief.
25. Data center and smart traffic system.

6. Objectives of Smart City
• To provide Basic infrastructure
• To provide quality life
• To provide clean environment
• To apply smart solution

11. Term use In Solid Waste
• Refuse
Solid and Semi solid waste matters of community (i) Organic (ii) Inorganic
• Rubbish
Combustible or non combustible waste
• Garbage
Waste produce during the preparation of meat, fruit, vegetables
• Ashes
Burning of waste

12. Solid Waste management system
Generation Storage Collection
Transportation
Processing &
Recovery
Disposal

13. Constituents of Solid Waste
1. House Refuse
•Ashes, Demolition of Structure, Vegetable & animal waste
2. Street Refuse
•Empty Packets, Dirty material from vehicles, Empty match box
•Free leaves
3. Trade Refuse
•Solid waste from factories, business centre

14. Source of solid Waste
Residential Institutional Commercial
Industrial Agriculture Muncipal

15. Method of Collection of Solid
Waste
Curb System
Alley System
Methods of
Collection of
Solid waste
House to House Collection Set out system
Set out set back system
Back yard System
Storage bin System

16. Methods of Treatment of Solid
waste
Mechanical Volume
Reduction
Thermal Volume Reduction
Manual component
Seperation

17. Mechanical Volume Reduction
• Also known as compaction method.
• Useful for land fill

18. Thermal volume reduction
• Combustion the waste material
• More than 90% Waste can be reduced by this
method

19. Manual component separation
• Separation of solid waste can be done by following
1. Where Solid waste generated
2. At a transfer station
3. At a centralised processing station
4. At the disposal site

20. Disposal Method
Sanitary Landfill
Incineration
Composting
Trenching
Dumping in to sea
Grinding
By Salvaging

21. Mass
Transportation System

22. Mass Transportation System
1. Tram
2. Light Rail
3. Metro
4. Monorail
5. Commuter Rail
6. Local rail
7. Bullet train
8. BRTS

23. Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS)
• BRTS in which separate road track or road is
given to improve capacity of bus system.
• Aim of BRTS is to combine the capacity and
speed of a buses or a metro with flexibility,
lower cost and simplicity of a bus system.
• Frequency is better
• Easy driving condition

24. Man features of BRTS
1. Dedicated lanes (Separate Road)
2. Busway alignment (KeptAway From busy road
ways)
3. Off-board Fair collection (Ticket amount given
on station only to save time)
4. Saving time
5. Intersection treatment (Extending green Signals
& reducing Red signals)
6. Platform level boarding (Station platform should
be levelled with Bus floor)

25. Metro or Rapid Transit
• Advance mode of transportation
• Better transport services
• Metro System is Underground, Tube, Elevated
track is used.
• Metro word used in India instead of Metropolitan
• Subway word used inAmerica
• Rapid Transit word used in London
• U-Bahn word used in Germany
• MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) word used in South
Asia

26. Rain Water Harvesting

27. Introduction
• Storage of Rain water
• Domestic, agriculture and industrial use
• Use in non rainy day or non rainy year

28. Component of Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting
1. Catchment (Rain Water Receive area)
2. Coarse mesh (Provide at a roof to prevent debris)
3. Gutter (To collect & Transport Rain water to
storage tank)
4. Conduits (PVC Pipe lines)
5. First flushing (Flush Catchment area)
6. Filter (Remove Pollutants)
7. Storage facility (Store rain water)
8. Recharge structure (Charged ground water)

29. Purpose for rain water harvesting
• To provide sufficient water for drinking
• To provide sufficient water for irrigation
purpose
• To provide sufficient water for ground water
recharge purpose.

30. Necessity of Rain water Harvesting
• We use secondary source of water (River,
Lake, Under ground water) in Place of Primary
Source of water (Rain Water)
• Surface water (Rain water) we use by
harvesting.

31. Methods of Rain water harvesting
1. Capture the rain fall from the roof top
2. Capture the runoff from local catchment
3. Capture the seasonal flood water sheds area
4. To conserve the water through better utilization of modern irrigation
systems like drip irrigation or sprinklers etc. (to conserve is to have
best possible use with minimum wastage.)

32. Rain water Harvesting in Rural Area

33. Rain water Harvesting in Urban Area

34. Watershed Management System
• Distribution of Resources
• The management process include water supply,
water quality, drainage system.
• It covers overall planning and proper
utilisation of natural resources

35. Objectives of Watershed Management
System
• To control damaging runoff
• To manage and utilize the runoff water
(Surface Water)
• To reduce flood Peaks
• To improve infiltration process of rain water.

36. Need of Watershed management system
• To protect soil
• To increase infiltration
• To increase water holding capacity

37. Energy Efficient Building

38. Energy Efficient Building
• Proper utilization of natural resources like Sunlight,
Wind, in the building planning so as to minimize the
consumption of the energy and make a healthy home
is called energy efficient building

39. Factors to be considered for Energy Efficient
Building
1. Building system
2. Project Management
3. Foundation
4. Walls
5. Floors
6. Roof
7. Doors and window
8. Mechanical
9. Electrical

40. Green Building

41. Green Building
• Green buildings are the structures that ensure
efficient use of natural resources like building
material, water, energy and other resources
with minimum waste generation.
• Green buildings have a smarter lighting system
that automatically switch off when no one is
present inside the room.

42. Necessity of Green Building
• To prepare building structure beautiful
• For energy saving
• Intelligently monitor and control resource uses.
• Recycle material can be used directly.

43. Benefits of The Green Building
• Green building consume 40 to 60% less Electricity as
compare to conventional building
• Green building generate lesser waste during the construction
time.
• Green building ensure proper safety, health and sanitation
system.
• Green building construction cost pay back within in 3 to 4 year

44. Salient features of Green Building
• 100% water recycle
• 50% in water saving
• Reduction in requirement of water by 35 to 40%
• Application of fly ash and cement block
• Roof Gardening
• Maximum Utilization of daylight
• Use of Cavity wall

45. • Solar thermal heating for hot water
requirement
• Use of board for partition (Generally
agriculture waste material)
• Use of wind turbine
• Use of solar Light
Salient features of Green Building

46. Some Reasons why concept of Green building Plan
• For the optimum use of Energy of Power
• For water saving
• For waste treatment and reuse
• To minimize demand of non-renewable energy sources.
• To minimize concrete use
• For efficient energy transport systems.
• For efficient building system planning.
• To minimize the demand on non-renewable resources.
• To maximize the utilization of renewable resources.
• To minimize concrete consumption through innovative architecture and structural
design methods.
• To consume less cement in concrete/mortar mixture.

47. Development of River front

48. River Front
• Land or Property along side of river is called
river front.

49. Types of Riverfront Development
1. Cultural riverfront (Festivals,Artistic Expression)
2. Environmental riverfront (Health & Clean environment)
3. Historic Riverfront (Cultural Heritage of Place)
4. Mixed use River front (Use for Various activity)
5. Recreational River Front (Garden, Cycling, Walking,
Gathering etc...)
6. Residential River front (Houses, Restaurants)
7. Working River Front (Fishing, Boating)

50. Advantages of River Front Development
• Job Creation
• Source of revenue for Government
• Development of Tourism
• Water Conservation
• Land Development
• Maintain River bank
• Flood Control
• Provide open space for recreation activity
• Create healthy environment

51. River front development in India
• Yamuna riverfront development project
• Brahmaputra river front development projecet
• Gomti riverfront development project in Lucknow
• Pune riverfront project in Maharashtra
• Godavari riverfront project of Nasik,
Maharashtra.
• Mithi riverfront development project
• Sabarmati riverfront atAhmadabad in Gujarat.

52. Heritage Structure

53. Heritage
• Features belongs to the culture of a particular
society such as tradition, language, building
etc. Which were created in past and still have
historical importance is called heritage.

54. Heritage structures in India
• Tajmahal atAgra
• Shaniwar wada at pune
• Many forts in Maharashtra, Rajastan, Gujarat,
etc.
• Palaces in Rajastan and many other in other
state

55. • Heritage structure in Mumbai
• Chhatrapati shivaji terminal
• Gateway of India
• The Taj hotel or Tajmahal palace
• David Sassoon Liabrary
• Flora fountain
• Municipal corporationn

56. • Heritage structure in India
• Qutub minar
• Humayun's tomb
• Mahabodhi temple
• Churchees
• Rani ki vav
• Virupaksha temple, Hampi

57. • Heritage structures in Gujarat
• Rani ki vav
• Adalaj stepwell
• Jama mosque
• Teen Darwaza
• Ahmad Shah's Tomb
• Dada Harir stepwell
• Sidi Bashir mosque
• Sidi saiyyed mosque

58. Earthquake Resistant Structure

59. Features of Earthquake Resistant Structure
• Need of Earthquake Resistant structure
• Symmetry
• Regularity
• Separation of Block
• Simplicity
• EnclosedArea
• Separate Building For Different Functions

60. • Lightness
• Continuity of contraction
• Projections
• Shape of Building
• Ductile
• Fire safety Provision
• Adequate strength
• Domes
Features of Earthquake Resistant Structure

61. Need For Earthquake Resistant Building
• To Reduce Horizontal and vertical vibration
• Save building structure
• Reduce Damage of Building

62. Symmetry

63. Regularity
• Simple Rectangular shape behaves better in
earthquake
• Torsional effect of ground motion are
pronounced in narrow rectangular blocks.
• Restrict the length of block three times its
width.

64. Separation of Block
• Large building is divided in to number of parts
or blocks.
• 3 to 4 cm gape provided between two blocks.
• Expansion joints are covered with weak
material.

65. Simplicity
• Ornamentation are undesirable from seismic
point of view.
• If ornamentation is insisted, it must be
reinforced with steel, which should be properly
tied with main structure.

66. Enclosed area

67. Separate Building for different function
• Hospital, School, Residence, Assembly,
Security building etc.Are construct seperatly

68. Lightness
• Construct your building as light as possible in
weight for safety against earthquake.

69. Continuity of Contraction
• The various part of building should be so tied
that the building should be act as a one unit.

70. Projection
• Projection should be tie with main structure.
• Apply very thin plaster

71. Shape of building
• Rectangular or Symmetrical structure have more
resistant to earthquake force.
• Length of Building should not increase three time
width of building.
• L, T, E, Y, H is different shape of building and each part
is divided into rectangular block

72. Ductile
• The Building Should be designed as a Ductile.
• This enables structure to absorb energy during
earthquake.
• Minimize the probability of sudden collaps of
structure.

73. Fire Safety Provision
• Material used in Building is fire resistance
material.