NRC _Green Intelligent Buildings

11/05/11 Green Buildings - Life Cycle Costs Challenges and Opportunities David Katz, MBA, BA Sustainable Resources Management Inc. Tel: 416 - 493 - 9232 Fax: 416 - 493- 5366 Email: dkatz@sustainable.on.ca Building Intelligence Quotient Consortium Email: dkatz@building-iq.com Construct Canada NRC Meeting Bright Green Building Seminar November 30, 2010, Toronto

11/05/11 1. Green Buildings as it applies to materials, durability, water issues, energy efficiency & management, etc. 2. Building Information Management (BIM) 3. Automated & Intelligent Buildings Convergence / interdependency / synergy between the 3 technologies Integrated Design Process - Integrated Product Delivery - with special consideration to the significance of the notion of 'Integrated' Life Cycle Costing - how this is essential to relating the efficiencies & financial justification for the issues addressed by the 3 technologies Importance of Owner involvement/Education in the significance of the 3 technologies, & in understanding the importance of life cycle costing The result being More cost efficient, More time efficient product & process ... Over the life cycle of the building &Ultimately producing a Better quality product ............ Other issues that you think are pertinent. AGENDA

CURRENT CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS

Green Globes Assessment Suite Green Design Management/ Operations Emergency/ Risk Intelligence BIQ Commercial Interiors Historic Buildings Retrofit Communication Security Building systems Offices Multi-residential Light Industrial Historic Buildings Community Emergency Planning Design and Retrofits Existing Online tool: www. greenglobes. com

11/05/11 Intelligent Buildings Why do we build dumb buildings?

11/05/11 Buildings 39% Industry 33% Transportation 28% Buildings use 71% of electricity 21% 18% Why Buildings: Huge Opportunities Residential Heating 32% Other 4% Water Heat 13% Computers 1% Cooling 10% Refrigeration 9% Lights 12% Electronics 5% Wash 5% Cooking 5% Source: 2004 Buildings Energy Databook with SEDS distributed to all end-uses Commercial Other 10% Lights 28% Heating 16% Cooling 13% Water Heat 7% Ventilation 7% Cooking 2% Computers 3% Office Equip 7% Refrigeration 4%

11/05/11 Materials – Certification of Woods, Green Specs, Distance traveled, Recycled content, all factors in gaining LEED credits or Green Globe points. Durability – Many materials may be GREEN and not have the VOCs or the other non GREEN chemicals but will they last as the others? Water – Our most precious resource. Dual Flush toilets, Green Roofs, Grey Water systems and all the hot water and cooling tower uses. Energy efficiency – energy modeling, Energy Star rating, energy saving technologies - Daylighting, Heat Recovery, Ground Source Heat Pumps, Renewable Energy, Demand Response and Smart Grid interoperability Operations and Maintenance - Building Automation and management, etc. GREEN BUILDING ISSUES

11/05/11 Pneumatic Transmission Electric Controls Electronic Controls Mini Computers Personal Computers Direct Digital Controls BACnet/Lon Revolution Internet/Intranet Growing Convergence of BAS and IT Wireless Interfaces and Email Alarms IT Standardizing Information Presentation Models Evolution of Systems that may Integrate all Building Services on Standard IT Infrastructure Copyright Frost & Sullivan Technological Evolution of BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEMS Smart Grid BIM Cloud Server

Life Cycle Costing: New Building Design Applications

11/05/11 New Building Design LCC and Sustainable Design Technology An LCC assessment can be used to assess options concerning site design, and material and equipment selection to improve overall building energy efficiency. Typical Sustainable Technology Applications: Green Roofs Greywater recycling Photovoltaics Ground source heat pumps Natural ventilation

Natural corridor and Riparian Zone ECD Energy and Environment Canada Ltd. Native plant species – Bullrushes, Canadian Goldenrod, and Switchgrass Brownfield at mouth of the Keating Channel, Toronto, ON Sustainable Ecosystems Appropriate Site Selection Land that is already municipally serviced or has previously been built upon should be favoured for development over previously undeveloped areas to enhance local ecology and preserved ecologically sensitive areas. Natural Corridors When linked to natural areas, community green spaces can provide valuable wildlife habitat and migration pathways. Site design should encourage interconnected natural areas and wildlife corridors. Light Pollution Reduction Minimizing outdoor lighting, without compromising safety, can significantly reduce environmental threats to nocturnal wildlife species. Native Species Planting Using plants that are native to a site reduces irrigation, lowers pesticide and fertilizer use, and cuts maintenance costs. Site design should ensure 75% of plantings are native. Roadway Naturalization Roadway edges and easements can support plantings that provide habitat for natural corridors and can be designed to reflect topographical and environmental conditions.

Microclimatic Design Building design that maximizes solar access in winter for passive solar heat gain and shades windows in summer; controls wind and snow exposure; insulates against energy loss with green roofs of earth shelters, and promotes green roofs reduces energy consumption, Passive Solar Heating Buildings with sufficient southern exposure can capture sunlight in winter and release it as heat, reducing energy costs. In the summer, trees, window overhangs and sunshades block sunlight, keeping the building cool. Natural or Hybrid Ventilation Buildings may be ventilated and cooled passively if designed to take advantage of temperature/pressure differentials inside and outside the building, thereby creating cross-ventilation. Natural ventilation can be combined with traditional systems in a hybrid design. Solar-Powered Street Furniture Signs, bus shelters, street lights, and parking meters can easily function off-grid with a small solar array. Community-Based Energy Generation Renewable energy comes from non-fossil fuel based sources, like the sun, wind, water or earth. Governments, utilities and individuals should consider these sources both for their environmental sustainability and their stable, long-term costs. ECD Energy and Environment Canada Ltd. Wind turbine at the Canadian National Exhibition, Toronto, ON Photovoltaic curtain wall spandrels Photovoltaic bus shelter Photovoltaic light Vegetated "green" roof, Mountain Equipment Co-op, Toronto, ON South-facing housing, Milton Keynes, UK Sustainable Energy Sources

Eco-Industrial Synergies One company’s waste may be another company’s resource. Encouraging regional economic exchange of by-products and energy leads to increased energy efficiency, reduces pollution, decreases waste volumes, and creates new market opportunities. Adaptive Re-Use of Existing Buildings New buildings consume approximately 50% of all materials produced. Re-using existing structures, or salvaging their materials (such as brick, steel, timber, doors, fixtures, etc) conserves large quantities of resources and helps to preserve existing urban/cultural infrastructure. Recycled Material Use Tires, concrete, asphalt, fly-ash, carpet, ceiling tiles, and metal products can all be recycled for use in urban infrastructure such as roads. Materials in open spaces, such as playground equipment and surfaces, benches, tables, bike racks and signs can be recycled, recyclable or re-usable. Sustainable Material Use The life cycles (or cradle-to-grave environmental effects) of materials should be considered in their selection. Variations in the ways concrete, steel, timber, carpet, etc. are produced, materially composed, used, and disposed of strongly affect their environmental impact. On-site Composting and Recycling Niagara Region has a waste diversion goal of 65% by 2012. For this goal to be realized, areas for the handling, storage and separation of recyclables should be commonplace, and composting should be a priority where food waste is being produced. Gooderham and Worts Distillery District, Toronto, ON ECD Energy and Environment Canada Ltd. Mountain Equipment Co-op, Toronto, ON. Structure consists of salvaged timbers and fly-ash concrete. Sustainable Resource Use

Improved Building Access The energy needed to transport goods and for commuting to building is often equal to the amount of energy needed to operate the building. To reduce energy consumption, access routes for goods should be optimized and walking distances to public transit should be shortened. Pedestrian and Bicycle Traffic Walkable and bikeable communities expand transportation options, diversify neighbourhoods, and reduce reliance on automobiles. Foot and bike paths, denser urban fabric, reduced auto speeds, and sheltered bicycle parking should be a priority. Alternative Parking Arrangements The minimum number of parking spaces required for a development is determined by the peak demand. This can be excessive in some circumstances and options such as parking in lieu and parking on alternative sites may be more desirable. Carpooling Shared vehicle transportation reduces automobile usage and congestion. Convenient pick-ups areas and a voluntary database of occupants’ postal codes help to promote carpooling. Alternative Fuel Re-Fueling Stations Public interest in vehicles fuelled by alternative fuels (such as electricity, natural gas, ethanol and biodiesel) is increasing, but these vehicles need conveniently located re-fuelling stations to grow in number. Hydrogen re-fuelling station, Canadian National Exhibition, Toronto, ON ECD Energy and Environment Canada Ltd. Bike lanes and bike storage facility Designated carpool lot Sustainable Transportation

Stormwater Management Site design should focus on increasing ground infiltration of water and reducing quantity and off-site treatment of run-off. Practices include minimizing impermeable paved surfaces, storing water in catchment systems, increasing vegetation, and creating retention ponds and infiltration basins. Bioswale Design Grassed or vegetated drainage channels, an alternative to traditional curb and gutter stormwater management, retain water and break down road contaminants. Snow Pile Placement Snow piles should be placed away from drainage courses and storm drain inlets to diminish impact of salts and other toxins on stream courses. Riparian Zone Protection Vegetated transition areas between a body of water and upland area control erosion, filter run-off, and provide animal habitat. Innovative Wastewater Treatment Grey-water recycling, composting toilets, constructed wetlands and Living Machines can reduce overall water consumption and reduce BOD content in wastewater to levels lower than those produced through conventional treatment. Bioswale, Water Pollution Control Lab, Portland, Oregon Lving Machine wastewater facility, Nova Scotia ECD Energy and Environment Canada Ltd. Sustainable Water & Wastewater Services Desirable and undesirable stormwater management practices Water Table Stream Storm Sewer Impermeable Paving Planters Permeable Paving Bioswale Riparian Zone

Sample LCC Application to Sustainability Green Roofs DEARBORN, Michigan - Ford is installing an environmentally sound roof on its $2-billion redevelopment of its Rouge River manufacturing complex. Keith Schneider, program director of the Michigan Land Use Institute, praised the green roof plan as innovative, if not a little risky. The new Ford Rouge Center assembly plant construction is one of the largest industrial redevelopment projects in the US. The green approach is designed to save Ford $35 million, when compared with the cost of installing a conventional treatment system, Schneider says.

Softcoat LowE 11/05/11 Meets the Code and provides lowest first cost.

Triple Glazing & Heat Mirror 11/05/11 Alternatives cost more – but save more energy

11/05/11 IG Insulating Properties Data obtained using L.B.L. (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories) Window 5.2 analysis program (nfrc/ashae)

11/05/11 IG Solar Heat Gain Coefficient

Reduce Energy Bills (Operating Costs) 11/05/11

Reduce HVAC Requirements (Capital Costs) 11/05/11

Reduced Lighting Requirements (Capital & Operating Costs) 11/05/11

Break-even Analysis using cash flow method 11/05/11

Risk and sensitivity to above analysis. Fuel Escalation could less than 4% causing Breakeven to be longer R value energy saving assumptions may not be proportional as assumed. Solar Gain may have greater energy saving and peak shaving impacts. Difference in initial HVAC capital costs should also be considered. Other positive attributes like quiet and no mold may be more valued than energy savings. 11/05/11

Investment 11/05/11 Source: Sustainable Building Technical Manual

Eliminate Condensation & Mould 11/05/11

Triple Glazing- Optimum Daylighting 11/05/11

11/05/11 Is this Tinted Glass Building Green and Intelligent ? What are the tradeoffs in HVAC, Daylighting & Productivity

Comfort “ The best sustainable designs are not just environmentally responsible. They also produce buildings where employees can thrive and productivity can soar” Christine Ervin President and CEO U.S. Green Building Council “ Using green building strategies can result in increases in occupant performance measures by 6 to 26 percent.” William D. Browning Founder of Green Development Services and Senior Associate of Rocky Mountain Institute 11/05/11

Financial Benefits of Green Buildings 11/05/11

Sustainability Matrix 11/05/11 The David Lucile Packard Foundation Los Altos Project http://www.packard.org/pdf/2002Matrix.pdf Net Present Values Market LEED ™ Certified LEED ™ Silver LEED ™ Gold LEED ™ Platinum Living Building 30 Years $22.7 $19.6 $19.7 $18.5 $18.3 $18.7 60 Years $62.9 $45.3 $36.7 $27.8 $23.7 $19.6 100 Years $348.9 $218.4 $166.9 $95.8 $62.2 $20.8 Total Savings over Market after 30 years $ - $3.1 $3.0 $4.2 $4.4 $4.0

11/05/11 Green and Intelligent Building Convergence Review Energy management for HVAC, Lighting & Demand Response – CBIP – Energy Star Green Buildings – Environment - LEED & Green Globe Access and Security for safety of occupants and visitors Cabling and Wireless to increase revenue and lower costs Communications to increase value and productivity Digital Signage for instant information and advertising Interconnectivity to other buildings and the community

What “Information” is in a Building ? Building automation systems Energy management Security Digital signage Facility mgmt. and visitor mgmt. POS Consumables Parking Tenant technology Property mgmt. and back office … more 11/05/11 Copyright ® 2007 The Fourth Utility, LLC All Rights Reserved. Intelligent Buildings Confidential Copyright ® 2006 The Fourth Utility, LLC

Better Tenant and Common Area Experience 11/05/11 High Speed Internet / Wireless Voice Communications Facilities Management Interactive media Visitor management Audio – Video Conf Ambient Music / TV Digital signage Services and Technologies Copyright ® 2007 The Fourth Utility, LLC All Rights Reserved.

Smarter Building / Property 11/05/11 High Speed Internet / Wireless IP Telephony Future Applications Interactive media Visitor management Audio – Video Conf Ambient Music / TV Digital signage HVAC Access Copyright ® 2007 The Fourth Utility, LLC All Rights Reserved. 24/7 Monitor Video surveillance Elevator Lighting Fire Energy

How do Intelligent and GREEN buildings compliment each other? 11/05/11 Integrated Design and Life Cycle Cost principles apply Energy Modeling – LEED and Green Globes HVAC Equipment and Building Automation Impacts Energy Price Inflation and Demand Response Programs Net Zero Buildings and Renewables in a Smart Grid

11/05/11 Green Building Perspective Energy – Efficiency - Metering - Onsite Emergency & Renewable generation – GridWise capable - Demand Response ready – Net Zero Water – Efficiency – Metering – Treatment – Cleaning- Landscaping Environmental Management – Storage Tanks - Mold – Maintenance – Operations – Emergency Response - Training Indoor Environment – Daylighting – CO2 and CO monitoring – IAQ Controls – Filters Emissions, Effluent and Other Impacts on the Environment Noise – NOX – SO2 – Chemicals – Transportation – Heat Island Roofs

11/05/11 CABA Vision “ The knowledge-based forum for industry leaders who advance the use of technology and integrated systems in the global home and building industry.”

11/05/11 INTELLIGENT BUILDING REPORTS www.caba.org/trm FREE www.caba.org/brightgreen

11/05/11 Technology Usage/Purchase Plans Smart Telephony Telepresence Active RFID Smart Landscaping Intelligent Bathrooms Audio/Video Support Combined Heat and Power/ Alternative Energy Automated Parking Green Buildings and LEED Certification Digital Signage 30% 15% 9% 9% 9% 39% 39% 12% 48% 21% 64% 64% 64% 55% 52% 48% 45% 45% 42% 39% Technology Currently Use Might Purchase

Electricity and Peak Demand Charges –Time of Use Rates 11/05/11 12¢ ? 8¢ ? ???? ¢ 4.7¢ / 5.5 ¢

(Source: Energy Cost Savings Council) Conventional Cost Analysis Average Payback Period (PP) and Return on Investment (ROI) on single technology products.

11/05/11 CABA INTELLIGENT & INTEGRATED BUILDINGS COUNCIL Developed the BIQ Rating System for IB with Appraisal Institute and EPA Energy Star support www.caba.org/biq Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Tool with Reed Construction Data/RSMeans www.caba.org/lifecycle Developed a New Intelligent Building Roadmap www.caba.org/ibrm Who is working on bringing these issues all together to evaluate alternatives and make sound economic choices?

Produced by: Thomas J. Lohner, P.E. Vice President, TENG Solutions Analyzing the Life Cycle Cost of Integrated Building Systems 11/05/11

Systems Integration - Comparative Life Cycle Cost You Can Not Afford Not to do it Right 11/05/11

Facility Integration Life Cycle Costs First Cost Changes, Additions & Upgrades Operating & Maintenance Utility Costs 11/05/11

UPS Computer Room A/C Emergency Generator Fire Management System Door Access Control & Intrusion Detection Lighting Control System HVAC Control System Typical Building Approach to Automation Main Service Switchgear 5 User Interface Workstations! No Integration !

Non-Integrated Building Engineering Left up to Contractors Sole Sourcing Required to Provide Integration - $$$$ Stand Alone Systems - Single Purpose Nobody Responsible for Technology Integration 11/05/11

UPS Computer Room A/C Fire Management System Emergency Generator Main Service Switchgear SNMP over IP Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Modbus Web Server Facility IP Network Client FMS Workstation Database Server Partial Integration Concept HVAC Control System Lighting Control System Door Access Control & Intrusion Detection Security Console Proprietary Control Sub-systems

Partial Integration Issues Software Integration on IP networks Use Web Enabled - FMS Application Program Methodology Employed for Existing Buildings Hardware Intensive - Many I/O Servers 11/05/11

BENEFITS Partial Integration Single User Interface for all Systems Web based GUI - Defacto Standard Permits Migration to Open Control Networks - Competitive Bids ! Permits Development of Campus Wide Relational Database Database Permits - Maintenance Management , Energy Management , Asset Management, etc. 11/05/11

UPS Computer Room A/C Fire Management System Modbus Emergency Generator Main Service Switchgear SNMP over IP Web Server Web Server Facility IP Network Client FMS Workstation Database Server Full Integration Concept Open Standards Based Control Sub-systems LONTALK - EIA 709.1 & BACNET – ANSI/ASHRAE 135A Door Access Control, Intrusion Detection, Lighting & HVAC Control System Web Server Security Console

Full Integration Issues Open Standards Applied Where Possible I/O Servers Minimized Number of Devices Reduced - Shared Information 11/05/11

BENEFITS Full Integration Same as Partial Integration Approach PLUS Competitive Bids in each Building Integrated Building Sub-systems Lighting, HVAC, Power Management and Security 11/05/11 Lowest Life Cycle Cost Approach

Blinds & 24v Wiring Non-Integrated HVAC, Lighting & Intrusion Detection Echelon World Headquarters VAV Boxes No Occupancy Control Dimmable Lighting Control

Sensor and 120v Wiring Lighting, HVAC & Occupancy Sensor Control Trunk User Scene Control Switch Integrated HVAC, Lighting, Intrusion Detection & Blind Control Echelon World Headquarters

Changes, Additions and Upgrades Issues Cost Premium Paid for Additions & Changes to Proprietary Controls Limit Scope of Future Improvements and Modifications Cost Premium for Non Competitive Service Contracts 11/05/11

System Integration Life Cycle Cost Summary

Conclusion: Full Integration will Result in the Lowest Net Present Value The Value of the Integrated Approach will Increase w/ IT Advances Information will be your Competitive Advantage 11/05/11

Demand Response Marketplace and DR programs in Ontario Demand-Response-Shop.com Collaboration Project with Sheridan College-Building Intelligence Quotient- RFQ Strategies partially funded by Ontario Centres of Excellence David Katz BiQ Program Manager Principal - Sustainable Environmental Solutions Connectivity Week - May 24, 2010 Information on Ontario Power Authority Programs are generalizations and subject to change 11/05/11

Ontario Power Authority Integrated Power System Plan Conservation - LEED – Green Globe –BOMA BESt Conservation Measures - Technology Distributed Generation Opportunities Standard Offers – Renewable – Clean Energy Demand Response Programs DR Technologies – Building Sector Demand Response Shop website Smart Grid –Building2Grid optimization Questions 11/05/11 Demand Response and BAS Improvements

Previous technologies now economic New technologies save and measure it Building Automation more Intelligent Occupancy, Demand HVAC, Daylighting LEED and Green Globe Credits Life cycle costs and low cost of funds Peak and Energy reduction targets now mandated to each of 80+ Ontario LDC’s 11/05/11 Old and New Technologies

Lighting – Dimming – Occupancy -Daylighting Raise Cooling Temperature – Casual Day Clothes Chiller Optimization – Hartman LOOP Chillers - Gas Driven – Absorption Thermal Storage – ICE - Water VSD – Pumps – Fans - Reprogram On site Generation – Economics? Windows - Shades -Tinting 11/05/11 Demand Response Technologies

Contractual Load Shedding with DR aggregator Schedule Term (1, 3, or 5 yrs) Contracted Dispatch Period Election of Option A (100 hrs) or Option B (200 hrs) Not Fully Available for Curtailment Election: (1) using the four hour period prior to Curtailment or (2) the four hour period prior to receiving an Activation Notice Different rates for Standard, Premium, Discount areas Some areas of province are X no participation allowed due to system conditions and contracts with others. 11/05/11 Demand Response #3

List of Participating Aggregators Some withdrew 11/05/11

(BUILDING INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT CONSORTIUM) IN COLLABORATION WITH LAUNCH DEMAND -RESPONSE -SHOP - CONSORTIUM ( D R S C) AND DEMAND-RESPONSE-SHOP.COM AND .CA Sheridan College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning

Rating and Certification (demonstrates the added value) Upgrade Design and Implementation Guidance (demystifies implementation) + - an online tool

11/05/11 SCREEN Of BiQ For building info after log-in

Report for Middleton Hall Building Intelligence Quotient Assessment Chart of BiQ rating for each section generated as part of the report Middleton Hall achieved an overall rating of 78% at the New system/Upgrade Stage Integrated design Education Selection of sub-systems Value factors for automation systems Business considerations Subsystem stand-alone custom features Subsystem stand-alone performance Interaction among subsystems BAS Equipment 0 20 40 60 80 100

Contact Info David Katz, MBA, BA Sustainable Resources Management Inc. 6 Morning Gloryway Toronto, Ontario Canada M2H 3M2 Tel: 416-493-9232 Fax: 416-493-5366 Email: dkatz@sustainable.on.ca Building Intelligence Quotient Consortium Email: dkatz@building-iq.com 11/05/11

NRC _Green Intelligent Buildings

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