This document provides information on building services and finishes. It discusses various plumbing systems including water supply, distribution, and sanitation. It describes the materials used for pipes and fittings. Electrical systems and components like cables, switches, and earthing are covered. Finishing works like plastering, pointing and types of plasters are also summarized.
This document provides information about different types of pipes and pipe fittings. It discusses various pipe materials like cast iron, ductile iron, PVC, copper, galvanized, and CPVC pipes. It also describes common pipe fittings like elbows, tees, couplings, and valves. Other topics covered include pipe installation processes like trenching and joining methods like welding and compression fittings. Finally, it summarizes various plumbing fixtures like bathtubs, sinks, showers, faucets, and appliances like water heaters.
This document provides information on piping, fittings, and fixtures used in water supply systems. It discusses various types of pipes used such as galvanized iron, PVC, steel, copper pipes and their characteristics. It also describes common pipe fittings like elbows, tees, reducers, couplings, unions, plugs and end caps. Valves used to regulate water flow such as gate valves, globe valves, ball valves, butterfly valves and check valves are also outlined. The document provides a comprehensive overview of key components for building water supply systems.
House connection from mains, laying and joints in pipeskrishnacp
The document discusses the components of a house water connection system including the ferrule, goose neck, service pipe, stop cock, and water meter. It then provides details on pipe fittings, storage systems, and piping layouts for direct supply, overhead tanks, and pumped systems. Joint types for cast iron pipes are covered, including socket and spigot, flanged, mechanical, flexible, and expansion joints. Disinfection of pipelines is also mentioned.
This document provides information about a presentation on drainage systems for residential houses given by a group of 5 students. It includes an introduction to house drainage systems and their purpose. It then describes the basic components of drainage systems including sinks, wash basins, and urinals. It discusses materials used for drainage pipes like cast iron, PVC, copper, and galvanized iron. The document also covers design considerations, estimating pipe lengths, requirements for drainage systems, Indian drainage standards, and formulas used.
This document provides an overview of plumbing systems, components, materials, and codes. It defines key terms like cleanouts, drainage systems, DWV, fixtures, fittings, sewers, traps, and venting. It describes water supply systems and various plumbing materials like pipes, fittings, and valves. Common pipe materials include PVC, CPVC, ABS, copper, and stainless steel. The purpose of plumbing codes is to establish health and safety standards for plumbing installations.
The document provides information on cold water supply systems for high-rise buildings. It discusses pneumatic cylinder systems that use compressed air to pump water to upper floors. It also covers common pipe materials like copper, plastic, cast iron and their properties. Finally, it discusses sizing of cold water pipes, sanitary appliances, and accessibility features for disabled people like grab bars and lever taps.
This presentation discusses domestic sewage systems. It covers traps and components of house drainage systems including P-traps, Q-traps, and S-traps. It also discusses nahni traps, gully traps, and intercepting traps. Building sanitation drainage systems including two-pipe, one-pipe, and single stack systems are explained. Finally, it covers sewers and classification based on material used as well as combined, separate, and partially separate sewer systems.
This document provides information about different types of pipes and pipe fittings. It discusses various pipe materials like cast iron, ductile iron, PVC, copper, galvanized, and CPVC pipes. It also describes common pipe fittings like elbows, tees, couplings, and valves. Other topics covered include pipe installation processes like trenching and joining methods like welding and compression fittings. Finally, it summarizes various plumbing fixtures like bathtubs, sinks, showers, faucets, and appliances like water heaters.
This document provides information on piping, fittings, and fixtures used in water supply systems. It discusses various types of pipes used such as galvanized iron, PVC, steel, copper pipes and their characteristics. It also describes common pipe fittings like elbows, tees, reducers, couplings, unions, plugs and end caps. Valves used to regulate water flow such as gate valves, globe valves, ball valves, butterfly valves and check valves are also outlined. The document provides a comprehensive overview of key components for building water supply systems.
House connection from mains, laying and joints in pipeskrishnacp
The document discusses the components of a house water connection system including the ferrule, goose neck, service pipe, stop cock, and water meter. It then provides details on pipe fittings, storage systems, and piping layouts for direct supply, overhead tanks, and pumped systems. Joint types for cast iron pipes are covered, including socket and spigot, flanged, mechanical, flexible, and expansion joints. Disinfection of pipelines is also mentioned.
This document provides information about a presentation on drainage systems for residential houses given by a group of 5 students. It includes an introduction to house drainage systems and their purpose. It then describes the basic components of drainage systems including sinks, wash basins, and urinals. It discusses materials used for drainage pipes like cast iron, PVC, copper, and galvanized iron. The document also covers design considerations, estimating pipe lengths, requirements for drainage systems, Indian drainage standards, and formulas used.
This document provides an overview of plumbing systems, components, materials, and codes. It defines key terms like cleanouts, drainage systems, DWV, fixtures, fittings, sewers, traps, and venting. It describes water supply systems and various plumbing materials like pipes, fittings, and valves. Common pipe materials include PVC, CPVC, ABS, copper, and stainless steel. The purpose of plumbing codes is to establish health and safety standards for plumbing installations.
The document provides information on cold water supply systems for high-rise buildings. It discusses pneumatic cylinder systems that use compressed air to pump water to upper floors. It also covers common pipe materials like copper, plastic, cast iron and their properties. Finally, it discusses sizing of cold water pipes, sanitary appliances, and accessibility features for disabled people like grab bars and lever taps.
This presentation discusses domestic sewage systems. It covers traps and components of house drainage systems including P-traps, Q-traps, and S-traps. It also discusses nahni traps, gully traps, and intercepting traps. Building sanitation drainage systems including two-pipe, one-pipe, and single stack systems are explained. Finally, it covers sewers and classification based on material used as well as combined, separate, and partially separate sewer systems.
The document discusses the principles and components of house drainage systems. It covers topics such as the aims of house drainage, principles for laying pipes, definitions of terms like sewage and sewerage, types of pipes and materials used, traps and their classifications, sanitary fittings like wash basins and sinks, and sizes of different components. The key goals of house drainage are to maintain healthy conditions, dispose of waste water quickly, and prevent entry of foul gases. Pipes should be laid following principles like placing them beside rather than below buildings and avoiding sharp bends.
1. The document discusses the components and principles of house drainage systems. It describes various pipes, traps, and sanitary fittings used in plumbing systems.
2. Traps are classified based on their shape and use, including P, Q, S, floor, gully, and intercepting traps. Floor traps are also called nahni traps.
3. The key components of house drainage systems are described - soil pipes carry sewage, waste pipes carry sullage, and vent pipes provide ventilation.
4. Common plumbing systems for house drainage are discussed, including single stack, one pipe, partially ventilated single stack, and two pipe systems.
The document discusses the key components and principles of a house drainage system. It defines important terms like wastewater, sewage, sullage, etc. It describes the main components of a house drainage system including traps (P, Q, S, floor, gully, intercepting), pipes (soil, waste, vent, rainwater), and sanitary fittings (wash basins, sinks, bath tubs, water closets, urinals, flushing cisterns). It also explains the principles of design and discusses the different systems of plumbing like single stack, one pipe, single stack partially ventilated, and two pipe systems.
This document provides information on the design of plumbing systems for buildings, including:
1. An overview of the types of pipes and fittings used in plumbing systems, such as copper, galvanized iron, polythene, and plastic pipes as well as elbows, tees, couplings, and valves.
2. Details on the design of cold and hot water systems, including direct and indirect cold water supply systems and calculations for cold water storage requirements.
3. Guidance on pipe sizing for cold water systems to ensure adequate flow rates while avoiding issues from oversized or undersized piping.
The document discusses plumbing systems and components. It describes the purpose of plumbing as supplying water, heating, and sanitation in buildings. It then discusses various plumbing fixtures like water closets, urinals, sinks, and traps. It provides details on the components, materials, sizes, and classifications of different plumbing fixtures and pipes.
The document discusses pipes and sanitation systems. It defines a pipe as a hollow cylinder used to convey liquids and gases. It describes sanitation as promoting health through preventing contact with waste and treating sewage. It explains that sanitary sewers transport sewage from buildings through underground pipes to treatment. Piping systems convey fluid from one location to another using various pipe materials like wood, steel, plastic and copper. Plumbing pipes provide potable water and remove waste in homes and buildings.
This document describes various sanitary fittings used in buildings for waste water collection and removal. It discusses ablution fittings like wash basins, sinks, bath tubs, and flushing cisterns. Soil fittings include urinals and water closets. Wash basins and sinks come in different materials and sizes and have features like overflow holes and waste holes. Bath tubs are made of materials like enamelled iron and come in standard dimensions. Flushing cisterns include bell and valve types. Water closets come in squatting, pedestal, and other styles. Traps in drainage systems include P, S, and Q traps used to prevent foul air passage and are classified as floor, gully, or intercepting
This slide is about types of pipes, fittings and materials in plumbing. I get this source in the internet. especially in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting,https://theconstructor.org/building/types-of-pipe-fittings-in-plumbing/12541/, https://www.hunker.com/13401338/types-of-fittings
Plumbing works done in residential buildings include installing pipes for water supply and drainage. Common plumbing materials used are galvanized iron, PVC, CPVC, and multi-layer composite pipes. Proper plumbing is important to provide water and remove waste. Inspection chambers allow access for maintenance of underground drainage systems. Quality materials and installation are needed for a durable plumbing system.
it is a brief introductory part of what is house drainage system , its components with their classification , types of system of plumbing aided with principles of drainage design.
Plumbing works done in residential buildings involve installing pipes to supply fresh water and remove liquid and water-borne wastes. The key components include water supply pipes, fixtures and traps, soil and waste pipes, and storm drainage. Proper plumbing is important to provide water for uses like drinking, cooking, and bathing while safely removing waste. Common materials for pipes include galvanized iron, PVC, and CPVC. Overhead tanks store water on building roofs and come in cement/brick or ready-made styles. Solar water heaters and LPG gas pipes are also summarized.
1. Traps are devices installed on drains and waste pipes to prevent foul gases from entering homes. They work by providing a water seal barrier between the drain and the house.
2. Different types of traps include P, Q, and S traps (named for their shapes), gully traps, intercepting traps, anti-D traps, and anti-siphon traps.
3. Proper plumbing and sanitary fittings in buildings are required, including wash basins, sinks, bath tubs, flushing cisterns, water closets, and urinals which are available in various standard sizes and materials.
Plumbing involves pipes, drains, fittings and fixtures for water supply and waste removal. There are various components like pipes, fittings, fixtures, tanks and connecting pieces. Major plumbing systems include potable water supply, drainage/venting, and sewage/septic systems. Common pipe materials include PVC, uPVC, CPVC and galvanized iron. Fixtures include wash basins, taps, toilets. Traps like P-traps, S-traps and Q-traps are used to prevent foul gases. Popular brands for fittings, fixtures and tanks are listed along with price comparisons of common plumbing fittings made of different materials.
This document provides an overview of steam and water analysis systems (SWAS) used in power plants. SWAS continuously analyze boiler steam and water to ensure purity and prevent corrosion. It discusses the need for boiler water treatment, SWAS requirements, sample conditioning, important sampling system equipment like sample coolers and regulators, sample analysis including pH, conductivity, silica, and indications of problems from analysis results. The purpose is to maintain high purity feedwater and steam to prevent damage to turbines, boilers, and other equipment.
5.Plumbing - Fixtures.pptx faucets and shower nozzlesSivaram551990
This document discusses various types of plumbing fixtures and pipe fittings used in building services. It describes different types of water taps such as pillar cocks, self-closing cocks, and swan neck taps. It also discusses common pipe fittings like elbows, tees, couplings and unions. Finally, it explains different types of pipe joints including spigot and socket, flanged, expansion, flexible, collar and screwed joints.
The document discusses various components of household water and drainage systems. It describes the ferrule, goose neck, service pipe, stop cock, and water meter that comprise the water connection to a house. It then explains common drainage system terms like soil pipe, waste pipe, vent pipe, and rainwater pipe. The document outlines sizes for different types of pipes and the objectives of drainage systems. Finally, it discusses different types of traps (P, Q, S traps), floor traps, gully traps, and intercepting traps used in plumbing systems.
This document discusses different types of pipes and valves used in water supply systems. It describes common pipe materials like cast iron, steel, concrete, plastic and their properties. It also explains different valves - stop valves control water flow, check valves allow one-way flow, air relief valves remove trapped air, drain valves empty lines, and pressure relief valves release excess pressure. Pipes and valves are essential to control and distribute water while minimizing losses.
The document discusses various plumbing fixtures including pipes made from materials like cast iron, galvanized iron, and plastic. It also covers different types of valves such as gate valves, check valves, and pressure relief valves. Finally, it examines water taps and describes several common types like pillar taps, mixer taps, and thermostatic taps that are used to control water flow indoors.
Module 5 Infrastructure Management System And Policy For Smart Citys.pptxSilasChaudhari
The document discusses integrated infrastructure management systems (IIMS) for smart cities. It covers the need for an integrated approach, advantages of IIMS, GIS-based integrated systems, vertical integration from sensors to tools, horizontal integration across domains, and integrating various infrastructure aspects like transportation, land use, water, waste, etc. It also provides details on India's smart cities mission and targets across different infrastructure sectors like transportation, housing, water, electricity, education, etc.
Module-4 Managemnet of Water resources and related Infrastructures.pptxSilasChaudhari
The document discusses various aspects of water resource management and infrastructure for smart cities. It covers topics like storage and conveyance systems, sustainable water and sanitation, sewerage systems, flood management, conservation systems, and rainwater harvesting. For water management in smart cities, it proposes a monitoring system using sensors connected to a microcontroller to optimize water usage and distribution. It also discusses benefits of smart water management systems like economic savings, improved services, and environmental protection.
The document discusses the principles and components of house drainage systems. It covers topics such as the aims of house drainage, principles for laying pipes, definitions of terms like sewage and sewerage, types of pipes and materials used, traps and their classifications, sanitary fittings like wash basins and sinks, and sizes of different components. The key goals of house drainage are to maintain healthy conditions, dispose of waste water quickly, and prevent entry of foul gases. Pipes should be laid following principles like placing them beside rather than below buildings and avoiding sharp bends.
1. The document discusses the components and principles of house drainage systems. It describes various pipes, traps, and sanitary fittings used in plumbing systems.
2. Traps are classified based on their shape and use, including P, Q, S, floor, gully, and intercepting traps. Floor traps are also called nahni traps.
3. The key components of house drainage systems are described - soil pipes carry sewage, waste pipes carry sullage, and vent pipes provide ventilation.
4. Common plumbing systems for house drainage are discussed, including single stack, one pipe, partially ventilated single stack, and two pipe systems.
The document discusses the key components and principles of a house drainage system. It defines important terms like wastewater, sewage, sullage, etc. It describes the main components of a house drainage system including traps (P, Q, S, floor, gully, intercepting), pipes (soil, waste, vent, rainwater), and sanitary fittings (wash basins, sinks, bath tubs, water closets, urinals, flushing cisterns). It also explains the principles of design and discusses the different systems of plumbing like single stack, one pipe, single stack partially ventilated, and two pipe systems.
This document provides information on the design of plumbing systems for buildings, including:
1. An overview of the types of pipes and fittings used in plumbing systems, such as copper, galvanized iron, polythene, and plastic pipes as well as elbows, tees, couplings, and valves.
2. Details on the design of cold and hot water systems, including direct and indirect cold water supply systems and calculations for cold water storage requirements.
3. Guidance on pipe sizing for cold water systems to ensure adequate flow rates while avoiding issues from oversized or undersized piping.
The document discusses plumbing systems and components. It describes the purpose of plumbing as supplying water, heating, and sanitation in buildings. It then discusses various plumbing fixtures like water closets, urinals, sinks, and traps. It provides details on the components, materials, sizes, and classifications of different plumbing fixtures and pipes.
The document discusses pipes and sanitation systems. It defines a pipe as a hollow cylinder used to convey liquids and gases. It describes sanitation as promoting health through preventing contact with waste and treating sewage. It explains that sanitary sewers transport sewage from buildings through underground pipes to treatment. Piping systems convey fluid from one location to another using various pipe materials like wood, steel, plastic and copper. Plumbing pipes provide potable water and remove waste in homes and buildings.
This document describes various sanitary fittings used in buildings for waste water collection and removal. It discusses ablution fittings like wash basins, sinks, bath tubs, and flushing cisterns. Soil fittings include urinals and water closets. Wash basins and sinks come in different materials and sizes and have features like overflow holes and waste holes. Bath tubs are made of materials like enamelled iron and come in standard dimensions. Flushing cisterns include bell and valve types. Water closets come in squatting, pedestal, and other styles. Traps in drainage systems include P, S, and Q traps used to prevent foul air passage and are classified as floor, gully, or intercepting
This slide is about types of pipes, fittings and materials in plumbing. I get this source in the internet. especially in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting,https://theconstructor.org/building/types-of-pipe-fittings-in-plumbing/12541/, https://www.hunker.com/13401338/types-of-fittings
Plumbing works done in residential buildings include installing pipes for water supply and drainage. Common plumbing materials used are galvanized iron, PVC, CPVC, and multi-layer composite pipes. Proper plumbing is important to provide water and remove waste. Inspection chambers allow access for maintenance of underground drainage systems. Quality materials and installation are needed for a durable plumbing system.
it is a brief introductory part of what is house drainage system , its components with their classification , types of system of plumbing aided with principles of drainage design.
Plumbing works done in residential buildings involve installing pipes to supply fresh water and remove liquid and water-borne wastes. The key components include water supply pipes, fixtures and traps, soil and waste pipes, and storm drainage. Proper plumbing is important to provide water for uses like drinking, cooking, and bathing while safely removing waste. Common materials for pipes include galvanized iron, PVC, and CPVC. Overhead tanks store water on building roofs and come in cement/brick or ready-made styles. Solar water heaters and LPG gas pipes are also summarized.
1. Traps are devices installed on drains and waste pipes to prevent foul gases from entering homes. They work by providing a water seal barrier between the drain and the house.
2. Different types of traps include P, Q, and S traps (named for their shapes), gully traps, intercepting traps, anti-D traps, and anti-siphon traps.
3. Proper plumbing and sanitary fittings in buildings are required, including wash basins, sinks, bath tubs, flushing cisterns, water closets, and urinals which are available in various standard sizes and materials.
Plumbing involves pipes, drains, fittings and fixtures for water supply and waste removal. There are various components like pipes, fittings, fixtures, tanks and connecting pieces. Major plumbing systems include potable water supply, drainage/venting, and sewage/septic systems. Common pipe materials include PVC, uPVC, CPVC and galvanized iron. Fixtures include wash basins, taps, toilets. Traps like P-traps, S-traps and Q-traps are used to prevent foul gases. Popular brands for fittings, fixtures and tanks are listed along with price comparisons of common plumbing fittings made of different materials.
This document provides an overview of steam and water analysis systems (SWAS) used in power plants. SWAS continuously analyze boiler steam and water to ensure purity and prevent corrosion. It discusses the need for boiler water treatment, SWAS requirements, sample conditioning, important sampling system equipment like sample coolers and regulators, sample analysis including pH, conductivity, silica, and indications of problems from analysis results. The purpose is to maintain high purity feedwater and steam to prevent damage to turbines, boilers, and other equipment.
5.Plumbing - Fixtures.pptx faucets and shower nozzlesSivaram551990
This document discusses various types of plumbing fixtures and pipe fittings used in building services. It describes different types of water taps such as pillar cocks, self-closing cocks, and swan neck taps. It also discusses common pipe fittings like elbows, tees, couplings and unions. Finally, it explains different types of pipe joints including spigot and socket, flanged, expansion, flexible, collar and screwed joints.
The document discusses various components of household water and drainage systems. It describes the ferrule, goose neck, service pipe, stop cock, and water meter that comprise the water connection to a house. It then explains common drainage system terms like soil pipe, waste pipe, vent pipe, and rainwater pipe. The document outlines sizes for different types of pipes and the objectives of drainage systems. Finally, it discusses different types of traps (P, Q, S traps), floor traps, gully traps, and intercepting traps used in plumbing systems.
This document discusses different types of pipes and valves used in water supply systems. It describes common pipe materials like cast iron, steel, concrete, plastic and their properties. It also explains different valves - stop valves control water flow, check valves allow one-way flow, air relief valves remove trapped air, drain valves empty lines, and pressure relief valves release excess pressure. Pipes and valves are essential to control and distribute water while minimizing losses.
The document discusses various plumbing fixtures including pipes made from materials like cast iron, galvanized iron, and plastic. It also covers different types of valves such as gate valves, check valves, and pressure relief valves. Finally, it examines water taps and describes several common types like pillar taps, mixer taps, and thermostatic taps that are used to control water flow indoors.
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The document discusses integrated infrastructure management systems (IIMS) for smart cities. It covers the need for an integrated approach, advantages of IIMS, GIS-based integrated systems, vertical integration from sensors to tools, horizontal integration across domains, and integrating various infrastructure aspects like transportation, land use, water, waste, etc. It also provides details on India's smart cities mission and targets across different infrastructure sectors like transportation, housing, water, electricity, education, etc.
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The document discusses various aspects of water resource management and infrastructure for smart cities. It covers topics like storage and conveyance systems, sustainable water and sanitation, sewerage systems, flood management, conservation systems, and rainwater harvesting. For water management in smart cities, it proposes a monitoring system using sensors connected to a microcontroller to optimize water usage and distribution. It also discusses benefits of smart water management systems like economic savings, improved services, and environmental protection.
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2. Types Of Building Services
1. Plumbing sanitation, Water Supply, Drainage
System
2. Electricity
3. Building Finish Like Plastering, Painting
4. HV
AC (Heating, V
entilation,Air
conditioning)
4. Water Supply system Plumbing
• The services including water supply, drainage
and sanitation.
• Plumbing is not a specific but general term
consist of installation of materials and
maintenance of pipes, different appliance used
water supply system, sanitary and drainage
system.
5. Water Distribution System
• Water is collected from reservoir into
purification tank and then elevated to
municipal water tank from which water is
distributed.
• Quality of water supply is safe and potable.
6. Water Supply system
Collection
of Water
Water
Transport
Water
treatment
Water
distribution
Sewage
collect
Sewage
treatment
Sewage
reuse
Sewage
Disposal
7. Material Used For Service Pipe
1. G.I Pipes
2. Copper Pipes
3. Polythene Pipe
4. Lead Pipe
8. G.I Pipes
• Galvanized Iron Pipes
• Used for Distribution of Water supply
• Pipes are coated by the process of
galvanization.
• Not easily get corrode.
• Corrode in acidic water.
9. Copper Pipe
• Copper Pipe are non corrosive.
• Costly pipe
• Strong and ductile pile.
• Generally not in use
10. Polythene Pipes
• These pipes are plastic pipes.
• Non corrosive
• Light in weight
• Low cost
• Easy to installed
• Low maintenance
11. Lead pipes
• Not commonly used
• Lead give poisoning effect
• High resistance to corrosion
12. Domestic Service connections
• A pipe line which are assemble in between water main and water meter called as service pipe.
• Ferrule is made of brass of bronze. It can be inserted into main without shutting down the
main.
• Goose neck is 40 to 60 cm long curved flexible pipe either made of copper or brass.
• It provides the flexibility of the junction between water main and service pipe.
• Stop cock also called as curb valve is installed before water meter, used to close down the
supply for maintenance work of plumbing and water meter is in between the service pipe and
stop cock, which measures the quantity of water.
15. Valve
• Valve which is used in domestic water supply
• Valves are used to control
1. Flow of Water
2. Release orAdmit the air
3. Regulate pressure
16. • Types of Valves
1. Sluice Valve
2. Pressure Relief Valve
3. Reflux valve or Check Valve
4. Air valve orAir Relief valve
5. Scour valve
6. Globe valve
17. Sluice Valve
• Also called gate valve or stop valve
• Valves are located at the intersection of
pipelines or at a street corner.
18. Pressure Relief Valve
• Also called safety
valve.
• Fixed at downstream
end of long length of
main or where water
hammer is likely to
occur.
19. Check Valve
• Also called non-return valve or foot valve.
• Valve is open only in the direction of flow.
• Prevent back running of water.
• Valve are placed about 300m interval
• Generally used in sloppy area
20. Air Valve
• Also called air relief valve.
• When water is flowing
through pipes some air is
carried with water and air
cause blockage of water.
21. Scour Valve
• These valve are also called wash out valve.
• Fixed at every dead end.
22. Glob Valve
• Provided to control the rate of flow
• Fittings & Taps.
1. Water Taps
2. Stop cock
3. Bends
23. Water Taps
• Plastic, Copper, Brass, Steel
Material used
• Bib Tap is common used tap
• Push Tap also included in water
Tap
• Pillar tap are generally used in
wash basin
• The usual size of the water tap are
9.5, 13, 16, 19, 25, 32, 38, 50mm
24. Stop Cock
• Common used in water supply line between
building and street in mains and in house
plumbing.
• Stop the water line
31. Sanitary Fitting
• Various ceramic product used for sanitary purposes.
1. Water Closet
o European Type
o Indian type
2. Flushing cistern
3. Wash basin
4. Sink
5. Urinals
o Basin Type or Bowl Type
o Stall Type or Slab Type
6. Bath tub
32. Water Closet
• Definition:Asanitary fitting which is designed
to received human excreta directly from the
person using it is known as water closest.
• Types
1. European type water closest
2. Indian type Water closest
33. 1. European Type Water Closet
• Made of Porcelain
• Pan has a flushing rim
to spread water
• Cover is provided at
top
• The excreta fall
directly in to the trap.
34. 2. Indian type Water Closet
• Made of Porcelain
• Pan and trap are two
different part
• Pan has flushing rim
to spread the flush
water
37. Sink
• Sink is rectangular
basin
• Made up glazed
earthware
• Size if sink depend
upon use
• Outlet usually of
about 40mm diameter
• Sink can also be
prepared of cast-in-
situ
38. Urinals
• Urinal are generally provided with manually or
automatic flush system.
• Urinals are classified in following two
categories
1. Basin Type urinal
2. Slab type urinal
40. Trap
• Definition: Trap is bent or depressed sanitary
fitting which is always remain full of water.
• The depth of water seal in practice is varies
from 25mm to 75mm.
• Functions:
1. The main function of a trap in drainage
system is to prevent the passage of foul air.
2. Also it allows the sewage to flow through it.
41. Classification of Traps
According to shape
o P – Trap
o Q – Trap
o S – Trap
According to use
o Floor Trap
o Gully Trap
o Intercepting Trap
42. P - Trap
• Trap which has shape of letter P is know as P –
Trap
43. Q – Trap
• Trap which has shape of letter Q is know as Q
– Trap
44. S – Trap
• Trap which has shape of letter S is know as S –
Trap
45. Floor Trap
• Also called Nanhi trap
• Acast iron cover with grating is provided at
top, so as to prevent entry of solid matter.
• Cover can be removed for cleaning of the trap.
• Located in bathroom
46. Gully Trap
• Usually made of
stoneware and a cast
iron grating is
provided at top.
• It is fitted inside a
masonry chamber
• Water seal is provided
of a height 60 to 70
mm.
47. Intercepting Trap
• Intercepting trap is
to prevent entry of
sewer gas from
public sewer line in
to house drain.
• The trap has water
seal of 100mm
• Fresh air inlet is also
provided in
manhole.
48. Qualities of Good Trap
• Simple construction
• Adequate water seal
• Easily cleaned
• Self cleaning property.
• Internal and external surface is smooth
49. Tools and Plants required for Pipe Fitting in Plumbing work.
• Spanner
• Pipe Vice
• Pipe Cutter
• Pipe wrench
• Threading dies
• Hacksaw
• Adjustable wrench
• Chain wrench
• Pipe bending machine
56. Electrification
• Following points to be consider while selecting
installation system
1. Life of installation
2. Alteration in future
3. Construction of Building
4. Possibility of Fire hazards
5. Presence of corrosive fumes
6. Dampness
57. System used for distribution of Power
• Single Phase – Two wire system (230v)
• Three Phase – Three wire system (440v)
• Three Phase – Four wire system (440v)
59. Cables
• Copper or aluminium material is used
• Wire is coated with insulating material to
minimize risk of fire & shocks
• Types of Cables
1. Vulcanized Indian Rubber Insulated (VIR)
2. Tough Rubber Sheathed Cables (TRS)
3. Cab Tyre Sheathed Cables (CTS)
4. Weather – proof cable
5. Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables (PVC)
6. Lead Sheathed Cables
60. Flexible Cords
• Large number of fine wire to form the
conductor.
• These are insulated by plastic insulation.
• Wire is used to connect domestic appliance.
• These cords are easy to guide and handle.
61. Switches
• Break of electrical connection to the load is
carried out with the help of switch.
• Switch should be connected with Live (L) wire
• Switch connected in neutral wire will make and
break circuit but the user can get a shock if he
touch live point.
• Switch are available in 5Aand 15A
• In certain application such as staircase lighting we
use the switch to turn ON and OFF the lamp more
than one point.
62. Fuse
• Used for protecting the appliance against over
current.
• Afuse is basically a piece of wire rated for
particular current and has a low melting point.
• Copper, Zinc, Lead, Tin,Aluminium etc
material used.
63. Socket Outlet
• Socket outlets are provided for temporary electrical
connections such as table lamp, table fan, radio, TV etc...
• Socket outlet can be of the following two type
1. Two Point type
2. Three Pin type
• Socket are fixed on wooden block
64. Plug
• The plug along with flexible
cord are used for providing the
electrical supply to portable
appliance like table fan, table
lamp, radio, TV etc.....
• Available in 5Aand 15Arating
• Two types
1. Two Pin plug
2. Three Pin Plug
65. Lamp Holder
• Used to support and connect Lamp to supply
system.
• Possible to remove or replace lamp from lamp
holder.
• Classification
1. Batten holder
2. Pendant Holder
3. Bracket holder
4. Angle Holder
66. Ceiling Rose
• Ceiling rose is used for connecting the ceiling
fans, pendent lamp, etc to supply system
• Ceiling rose is made of following two parts
1. Base
2. Cover
68. Switches
• Aswitch is a mechanical device used to connect
and disconnect a circuit.
• Switch has two piece of metal called contacts that
touch to make a circuit and separate to break the
circuit.
• Types of Switches
1. Mercury tilt switch
2. Knife Switch
3. Changeover switch
69. 1. Mercury tilt switch
• The mercury switch consist of a drop of
mercury inside a glass bulb with 2 contacts.
• The two contacts pass through the glass, and
are connected by the mercury when the bulb is
tilted to make the mercury rolled on.
70. 2. Knife Switch
• Enclosed circuit and connection are with a
rubber or plastic insulated section for the user,
the contact and bridge are fully exposed.
71. 3. Changeover Switch
• Switch contact have a spring loaded action
which disconnect the load easily.
•
72. Fuses
• Fuse is simplest device, which break the circuit
under abnormal condition
• Types of Fuse
1. Semi enclosed
2. Totally enclosed
3. Dropout fuse
4. Expulsion fuse
5. High Rupturing Capacity Fuse
6. Striker fuse
7. Switch fuse
73. MCB
• MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)
• Circuit break under overloading and short
circuit condition.
• Under a normal condition use as a switch.
• Used in low voltage domestic, commercial and
industrial.
• Current carrying part are made by copper and
other parts are made by non rusting type
material.
74. Electric Shock
• An electric shocks can occur upon contact
human’s body with any source of voltage.
• The current may causes tissue damage if it is
sufficiently higher.
• Death caused by an electric shocks is referred
to as electrocution.
75. Safety Rules
• Use standard pins to supply of power from the
plug point.
• Use ISI marked electrical materials.
• Replace the bulb only after switch it off.
• Plug point of heavy appliance like refrigerator,
washing machine must be properly earthen and
use 3 pin plug.
• Keep a bulb in place in all the lamp holders.
76. Earthing
• Earthing means connecting neutral point to the
earth by a conductor of negligible resistance.
• Three Types of Earthing
1. Pipe Earthing
2. Plate Earthing
3. Earthing for domestic applience
81. Building Finishes
• All Building finishes such as plastering,
pointing, painting etc...
• Protect the material used in building from
weathering effect
• To give decorative finish to building.
83. Plastering
• Plastering is covering with material of various
composition applied either externally or
internally to wall by lime, cement, or mud.
84. Necessity of Plastering
• To provide smooth, regular, clean, durable and
finished surface.
• To conceal defective workmanship.
• To protect surface from atmosphere.
• To fill the joints formed in masonry work.
• To provide satisfactory base of decorative
85. Preparation of Surface for Plaster
• All the projections which extend by more than
13mm from the general surface of the wall face
are knocked off.
• All joints in masonry are valued out for a depth of
at least 13mm.
• Surface are brushed and well melted with clean
water.
• Surface are free from oil, grease.
• Holes are properly filled in advance.
86. Ground work for plaster
• In order to obtain uniform thickness of plaster
vertical strip called screed or band are formed
on the wall surface.
• Dots are applied horizontally and vertically at
a distance about 2m covering entire wall.
• After fixing dots the vertical strips of plaster
called as screed are formed between dots.
• Screed maintain thickness of plaster.
87. Procedure of applying internal plaster to brick
masonry wall
1. Single coated plaster
• 12 mm thick on brick masonry and 20 mm
thick on rubble masonry.
• First coated plaster is applied by clearing
surface and sprinkle the water.
• If we apply second coat at least 2 days left for
drying of first coat.
88. 2. Double coated plaster
• Second coat is applied after first coat.
• Second coat is uniformly spread with trowels.
• Thickness of second coat of plaster is 6 to
10mm.
89. 3. Neeru – Finishing or Sanla – Plaster
• These coat is applied after 5 dyas of the
second coat.
• This coat consist of create white or fat lime
and fine white sand the ratio of 1:2 is laid in
thickness of 3 mm.
• Some time small quantity of mica powder is
also add for shining purpose.
90. Types of Plaster
• Classification of Plaster depends upon the
types of binding material used.
• Types of Plaster
1. Cement Plaster
2. Lime Plaster
3. Gypsum plaster
4. Plaster of Paris
5. Stucco Plaster
91. Cement Plaster
• Mixture of Cement, Sand and Water
• Usually applied in one coat of thickness
12mm, 15mm, 20mm.
• Usual proportion is 1:4
• Surface is levelled with wooden float, straight
edges and trowel.
92. Lime Plaster
• Lime is used as a building material in making the
mortar for plastering purposes then it is called
lime plaster.
• Mixture of Lime and sand in equal proportion.
• Making the plaster more effective sand should be
free from Pebbles, Garbage and mud.
• Fat Lime generally recommend for plaster work.
• Plain Side 13 mm, For Rough side 16 mm thick,
and in stone work 19 mm thick plaster is applied.
93. Gypsum Plaster
• Gypsum plaster are required small portion of
sand and other aggregate is required.
• Plaster is in light in weight.
• Unaffected by bacteria.
• Used in multi storage building.
94. POP (Plaster of Paris)
• POP Obtained from Gypsum.
• Gypsum is heated to certain temperature, water
is removed and we got very fine powder of
POP.
• POP sets immediate after adding water in it.
• The dry mix of POP and sand is mixed in
small quantities and suitable quantities of
water is add and this plaster is applied within
in 5 minutes.
95. Stucco Plaster
• Stucco is the name given to an decorative
plaster used on both external and internal.
• Total thickness about 25 mm
• Three coat of plaster
• First coat is rough coat which bond with wall
• Second coat give desire shape to the surface
• Third coat required texture, smoothness, and
decorative appearance.
97. Pointing
• The joints on the face of stone or brick
masonry are roughly filled with mortar is
called pointing.
• Two types of Mortar
1. Lime Mortar 1:2 mix
2. Cement Mortar 1:3 mix
98. Methods of Pointing
• All the mortar joints are raked out to a depth of
10 – 15 mm with the help of pointing tool.
• Dust and loose mortar are roughly cleaned.
• Mortar are taken in small pan and by pressing
fill up the joints.
• Excess mortar is scraped away.
99. Types of Pointing
• Classification depend on shape of finishing
1. Beaded pointing
2. Flush pointing
3. Recessed pointing
4. Rubbed or grooved pointing
5. Tuck pointing
6. Vee pointing
7. Weathered or struck pointing
8. Struck pointing
100. 1. Beaded pointing
• Gives good appearance
• Difficult to maintain
• The raked joint are filled up with mortar and
finished flush with the face of wall and then
bead is formed.
101. 2. Flush Pointing
• Joints are raked and they are finished flush
with the face of brick masonry.
• Simplest type of pointing.
• Not give good appearance
102. 3. Recessed pointing
• Mortar is kept vertical but inside the wall
surface with the help of suitable tools.
• Suitable for facing work.
• Facing work of good texture of work
103. 4. Rubbed or Grooved pointing
• In this type of pointing the racked joints are
filled up flush with face of the wall and
semicircular notches are formed by special
tools.
104. 5. Tuck pointing
• In this type of mortar is pressed in the joints
and finished flush with the face of the wall
when the mortar is still wet a rectangular
groove is formed at the centre of joints.
• This groove is filled with white lime putty.
105. 6. Vee pointing
• In this type of pointing either V shaped
grooves are done on finished surface .
106. 7. Weathered or struck pointing
• In this type of pointing either V shaped
grooves are done on finished surface on outer
side .
107. 8. Struck point
• This is a modification of flush pointing in
which the face of pointing is kept inclined,
with upper edge pressed inside the face by
10mm.
108. Tools required for plastering
• Gauging trowel
• Floats
• Floating rule
• Plumb bob
• Steel Ghamelas or steel pot
• Spang
• Spirit level
• Straight edge
• Set square
• Brushes
• Corner edge
• Scratches
109. Gauging Trowels
• Gauging trowels are commonly used to apply
the mortars on the surface to be plastered.
114. Paints
• Paint is a mechanical dispersion mixture of
one or more pigments apply on surface.
• When paint is applied on metal surface primer
is compulsory apply.
115. Necessity of Painting
• Protect iron and wood from wear & tear.
• Protect wood from insects, fungus and
moisture.
• Protect iron from corrosion
• Paint surface reflect heat and light.
• Provide smooth and beautiful surface
• To prevent corrosion in metal
• To provide surface hygiene, safe and clean.
116. Characteristic of Good paint
• It should have good spreading power
• Have good consistency
• Harmless to user
• Paint should be cheap
• Easily apply on surface
• Dry within in 24 hrs
• Paint should be not affected by heat, rain, wind
etc...
• Colour of the paint should be retained for long
time.
117. • Paint should be good fire and moisture
resistance.
• Its firm it should not cracked on drying.
• Paint should be glossy and stable
119. Classification of Paint
1. Emulsion Paint
2. Exterior house paint
3. Interior wall paint
4. Chemical resistant paint
5. Luminous paint
6. Metal paint
7. Cement paint
8. Distemper (water paint)
120. 1. Emulsion paint
• Dispersion of rubber like resin in water
• Water is used in place of Thinner.
• Constituents of Emulsion paint
o Rubber Like Resin : such as semi solid
polystyrene
o Oleoresinous material: Linseed oil is used
o Pigments: Mica and titanium oxide used
o Extender: Silica and magnesium silicate used
121. o Emusifying agent: tetra sodium phosephate,
sodium sulphate used
o Stabilizer: Dextrin, Starch, Water soluble gum
used
o Preservatives: mercuric chloride, chlorothymol
are used
o Antifoaming agent: Pine oil and kerosene is
used.
o Drier: naphthenates , manganese and zinc
o Volatile material: Water
122. 2. Exterior house Paint
• These paints have following constituents
Pigments: Zinc oxide, Titanium oxide, White
lead
Vehicle: Boiled linseed oil
Thinner: Mineral Spirits, Naphthas
Extenders: Barytes, talc, clay
123. 3. Interior wall paints
• These paints are prepared by mixture the
following constituents:
Pigments: White and coloured pigments
Vehicle: Varnish or boiled linseed oil
Resins: Emulsified phenol formaldehyde
resins and casein.
124. 4. Chemical Resistant Paint
• These paint consist of baked oleoresinous
varnishes, clorinated rubber composition,
bituminous varnishes.used
125. 5. Luminous Paint
• These pain consist of phosphorescent paint
composition.
126. 6. Metal Paint
• These paint consist of zinc, alkyds, epoxy,
polyamide, chlorinated rubber etc..
• Silicones are added as heat resistant and water
resistant
127. 7. Cement Paint
• Cement paint are produced by mixing white
cement (70%), hydrated lime, pigment, very
fine sand is used.
128. 8. Distempers (water Paint)
• Distemper are water paint
• Ingredient of distemper are
1. Chalk Powder
2. Glue
3. Colouring pigment
4. Water
130. Surface preparation for Painting
• Apply sand paper on surface of wall
• Holes, cracks, irregular surface filled by putty.
• Apply white putty
• Apply sand paper for final finish
• Apply white wash as a first coat.
• Apply colour
132. Heating
• Heating system mostly used in cold area
• Such system of heating boiler, furnace, heating
lamp, steam.
• Heating ventilation Devices
1. Steam coil
2. Hot water coil
3. Electric heater
4. Duct furnace
133. Ventilation
• Supply of fresh air from out side in to a
enclosed space like bungalow, commercial or
public building.
• Ventilation can be obtain by natural system,
mechanical system, artificial system
134. Necessity of Ventilation
• Ventilation avoided unwanted accumulation of
Carbon dioxide.
• Help to produce air movement
• It prevents dust and bacteria carrying particles.
• It helps to remove smoke, smell and odour.
• It helps to prevents suffocation.
135. System of Ventilation
1. Natural Ventilation
o Wind effect for ventilation
o Stack effect for ventilation
2. Artificial or mechanical ventilation
o Exhaust system
o Plenum system
o Extraction plenum system
o Air conditioning
136. Air - conditioning
• Classified in two part
1. Unitary system
• WindowAir conditioning
• Split air conditioning system
• Package air conditioner
2. Central System