21st Century Literature in the Philippine and the World Geographic, Linguistic and Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine Literary History

1. Geographic, Linguistic and
Ethnic Dimensions of
Philippine Literary History
from Pre-Colonial to the
Contemporary
Prepared by: Ma’am Marn
1st Semester
Quarter I
2023

2. PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE

3. PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE
FOLK TALES
These are made up of
stories about life,
adventure, love, horror, and
humor where one can derive
lessons.
example:
THE MOON AND THE SUN
What particular phenomenon is described in the Filipino Folktale?

4. THE SUN AND THE MOON
Tingguian folk tale
In the olden days, like the moon, the sun had also star children which were
yellowish in color, very bright and very hot.
The star children of the moon, however, were reddish and cool. That moon
was scared that his stars would wither and die if they play with the star
children of the sun.
The moon suggested to the sun that they kill their children who were
crowding the heavens with their number.
When the sun had killed her children, the moon merely hid behind the
clouds.
In the evening, when the clouds faded, the moon stars appeared.
This angered the sun so he gave chase to the moon. Thus, when he
overtakes the moon, we have the so-called eclipse.
Every morning, the sun kills the moon stars that he catches.

5. PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE
THE EPIC AGE
Epics are long narrative
poems in which a series of
heroic achievements or
events, usually of a hero,
are dealt with at length.
example: Biag ni Lam-ang

6. PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE
FOLK SONGS
These are one of the oldest forms of Philippine
literature that emerged in the pre-Spanish period.
These songs mirrored the early forms of culture. Many
of these have 12 syllables.
example: Kundiman, Kumintang or Tagumpay, Ang Dalit o
Imno, Ang Oyayi o Hele, Diana, Soliraning and Talindaw

7. UNDERSTANDING
LITERARY HISTORY
Religious prose and poetry
Secular prose and poetry

8. UNDERSTANDING LITERARY HISTORY
SPANISH INFLUENCES ON PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
The first Filipino alphabet, called ALIBATA, was
replaces by the Roman alphabet.
Christian Doctrine is basis for religious practices.
European legends and traditions brought here became
assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.

9. UNDERSTANDING LITERARY HISTORY
FOLK SONGS
It manifests the artistic feelings of the Filipinos
and shows their innate appreciation for and love
of beauty.
examples: Leron-Leron Sinta, Pamulinawen,
Dandansoy, Sarong Banggi, and Atin Cu Pung Sing-
sing.

10. UNDERSTANDING LITERARY HISTORY
RECREATIONAL
PLAYS
These were in a poetic
form such Cenaculo,
Panunuluyan,
Salubong and
Zarzuela.

11. PERIOD OF
ENLIGHTENMENT
(1972-1898)
THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

12. PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT
THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
Jose Rizal:
Noli Me Tangere, Mi Ultimo Adios, Sobre La Indolencia Delos
Filipinos, and Filipinas Dentro De Cien Anos
Marcelo Del Pilar:
Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa, Kaingat Kayo, and Dasalan and
Tocsohan
Graciano Lopez Jaena:
Ang Fray Botod, La Hija Del Fraile, Everything is Hambug, Sa
Mga Pilipino ... 1891, and Talumpating Pagunita Kay Kolumbus
 Antonio Luna Mariano Ponce Jose Ma. Panganiban Pedro Paterno

13. THE AMERICAN
REGIME
(1898-1944)
Filipino writers influenced to use English
language

14. THE AMERICAN REGIME
Filipino writers influenced to use English language
• Jose Garcia Villa
• Writers in Tagalog, continued in their
lamentations on the conditions of the country
and their attempts to arouse love for one’s
native tongue and the writers in English imitated
the themes and methods of the Americans.

15. THE JAPANESE
PERIOD
(1941-1945)
The halt of Philippine literature in
English

16. THE JAPANESE PERIOD
The halt of Philippine literature in English
• Common theme of most poems: nationalism, country, love, and
life in the barrios, faith, religion, and the arts
• Writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, the poverty of life
under the Japanese government and the brave guerilla
exploits.
• 3 types of poems emerged:
– Haiku - short poem, free verse, 17 syllables divided into 3 lines
– Tanaga - short poem, has measure and rhyme
– Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)

17. Philippine Literature in
English
Philippine literature in
Tagalog was revived during
New Filipino Literature
period.
THE JAPANESE PERIOD
The halt of Philippine literature in English

18. PERIOD OF ACTIVISM
(1970-1972)
The Literary Revolution

19. PERIOD OF ACTIVISM
The Literary Revolution
• By Pociano Pineda, youth activism was due to domestic
worldwide causes.
• The youth became vocal with their sentiments.
• It was manifested in the bloody demonstrations, the
sidewalk expressions and also in literature.

20. PERIOD OF THE
NEW SOCIETY
(1972-1980)
Newspapers Donned New Forms

21. PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY
Newspapers Donned New Forms
• Poems dealt with patience, regard for native
culture, customs, and the beauties of nature and
surroundings.
• Filipinos before were hooked in reading
magazines and comics.

22. PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY
Newspapers Donned New Forms
• News on economic progress, disciplines, culture, tourism,
and the like were favored than reporting of killings, rape,
and robberies.

23. PERIOD OF THE
THIRD REPUBLIC
(1981-1985)
Martial Law

24. PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC
Martial Law
• Philippines became new nation, former
President Marcos, “The New Republic
of the Philippines”
• Poems were romantic and
revolutionary.
• Filipino songs dealt with themes were
true-to-life like those grief, poverty,
aspirations for freedom, love of God,
of country and fellowmen.

25. POST-EDSA 1
REVOLUTION
(1986-1995)
People Power prevailed

26. POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION
People Power prevailed
• Several changes reflected on the new Filipino songs,
newspapers, speeches, and even in the television programs.
• Crony newspapers were THE INQUIRER, MALAYA, and the
PEOPLE’S JOURNAL

27. POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION
People Power prevailed
Saying a Song
Analyze and interpret the emotions of Filipinos and situations of the country found
in each paragraph of the song.
I. Ang bayan kong Pilipinas
Lupain ng ginto’t bulaklak
Pag-ibig na sa kanyang palad
Nag-alay ng ganda’t dilag
II. At sa kanyang yumi at ganda
Dayuhan ay nahalina
Bayan ko, binihag ka
Nasadlak sa dusa
Chorus:
Ibon mang may layang lumipad kulungin
mo at
umiiyak bayan pa kayang sakdal-dilag
ang ‘di magnasang makaalpas,
Pilipinas kong minumutya pugad ng luha at
dalita
aking adhika makita kang sakdal laya

28. 21st CENTURY
PERIOD
(NEW GENERATION)
ICT INCLINATION

29. 21st CENTURY PERIOD
ICT INCLINATION
• New trends have been introduced to meet the
needs and tastes of the new generations.
• Learners are demanded to be ICT inclined to
compete with style and format of writing as well.

30. 21st CENTURY PERIOD
ICT INCLINATION
• New codes or lingos are
used to add flavor in the
literary pieces produced
nowadays.

31. SUMMARY
• Pre-Spanish literature is characterized by Legends, Folk Tales, The Epic Age, and
Folk Songs.
• The Propaganda Movement was spearheaded by the intellectual middle-class like
Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, Garciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce,
Jose Ma. Panganiban and Perdo Paterno.
• Filipino writers were influenced to write using English language.
• Period of Activism, youth held pen and placards in red paint MAKIBAKA (To
dare!)
• New Society poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs, and
the beauties of nature and surroundings.
• Third Republic was romantic and revolutionary.
• Post-Edsa I noticed in the new Filipino songs, i the newspapers, in the speeches,
and even in the television programs.

32. Identifying Representative
Texts from the Regions

33. IMAGERY
A poetic element that tries to create a picture in the mind of
the reader or a mental image through the use of figural
language.
It represents objects, places, places, ideas, or even actions
that appeal to the senses of the readers.
example: Gabu by Carlos A. Angeles

34. A Taste of Philippine Poetry
A Moment of Silence
Gabu depicts a coastline in Ilocos that is constantly
experiencing the battering restlessness of the sea. The water
that comes back to the shore seems furious and ruthless with
its daylong bashing, which havocs the wasteland. Being an
archipelagic country, the Philippines knows the importance of
water and the sea.

35. IMAGERY
Gabu
by Carlos A. Angeles
The battering restlessness of the sea
Insists a tidal fury upon the beach
At Gabu, and its pure consistency
Havos the wasteland hard within its
reach.
Brutal the daylong bashing of its heart
Against the seascape where, for miles
around,
Farther than sight itself, the rockstones
part
And drop into the element wound.
The waste of centuries is grey and dead
And neutral where the sea has
beached its brine,
Where the spilt salt of its heart lies
spread
Among the dark habiliments of Time.
The vital splendor misses. For here, here
At Gabu where the ageless tide rcurs
All things forfeited are most loved and
dear. It is the sea pursues a habit of
shores.
1. What image does the poem, Gabu, try to create?
2. Which word or group of words from the poem help you form this image? Draw this on a separate sheet of paper.

36. A Taste of Tagalog Essay
CALABARZON, Region IV-A is home to Tagalog-
speaking people recognized for their bravery and
fearlessness in battles, participated in the
country’s fight for freedom and democracy.
Home of Philippine heroes, Rizal of Laguna, Mabini
of Batangas, and Aguinaldo of Cavite

37. A Taste of Creative Nonfiction
Visayan people share a sea-based culture and tradition
that may be rooted in a strong religious foundation.
Dwelling place of many festivals: Ati-Atihan, Di-
nagyang, Sinulog, Pintados, and Maskara.
Visayas indeed considered as one of the cradles of
Philippine civilization.

38. SUMMARY
• Imagery is a poetic element that tries to create a picture in
the lmind of the reader or a mental image the use of
figurative language.
• Gabu depicts a coastline in Ilocos that is constantly
experiencing the battering restlessness of the sea.
• Panahon na muling Padaluyin ang Agos is a persuasive essay
that focuses on the potent capacity of a national language to
arouse patriotism and love of country and its people.
• The Dreamwaevers is a text written by a feminist Filipina
who strongly promotes women’s rights.