The document provides information about conceptual frameworks in research. It defines a conceptual framework as the structure that explains the researcher's perspective on how the phenomenon being studied progresses naturally. A conceptual framework organizes the research variables and helps explore the research problem. It is important because it helps the researcher identify their worldview on the topic, presents their perspective on the problem, and grounds their approach conceptually. An example conceptual framework is provided on the relationship between student profile, motivation, and academic performance.

1. Module 07 – Conceptual
Framework

2. At the end of this module, you should be able to:
• Cognitive:
- Determine the importance and uses of conceptual framework in
doing research
• Affective:
- Appreciate the importance of conceptual framework in the
research process
• Psychomotor:
- Cite examples and develop a conceptual framework

3. Conceptual Framework
• A conceptual framework is a structure which the researcher
believes can best explain the flow of the natural progression of
the phenomenon to be studied (Camp, 2001). It is the
organization of research variables wherein research problem would
be explored.
• It is arranged in a logical structure to aid provide a
picture or visual display of how ideas in a study
relate to one another (Grant & Osanloo, 2014).

7. The Importance of Conceptual
Framework in Research
The conceptual framework guides the researcher in his investigation
to achieve the objectives of the study. It offers many benefits to
research. For instance, it assists the researcher in identifying and
constructing his/her worldview on the phenomenon to be
investigated (Grant & Osanloo, 2014).
It is the simplest way through which a researcher
presents his/her asserted remedies to the problem
s/he has defined (Akintoye, 2015).

8. The Importance of Conceptual
Framework in Research
• It accentuates the reasons why a research topic is worth studying,
the assumptions of a researcher, the scholars s/he agrees with and
disagrees with and how s/he conceptually grounds his/her approach
(Evans, 2007).
• Akintoye (2015) posits that the conceptual
framework is mostly used by researchers when
existing theories are not applicable or sufficient in
creating a firm structure for the study.

9. The Importance of Conceptual
Framework in Research
The following is an example of a conceptual framework of the study
on Student’s Motivation and Academic Performance of Senior High
Students of Bolocboloc High School, SY 2017-2018 (Deguit, Salinas,
Catherine, Samson, Don, 2018). The study posited that that academic
performance of senior high school students is affected by the profile
(age, sex, family income) and Motivation (intrinsic, extrinsic)

11. What is a research hypothesis?
A research hypothesis is a statement of assumption or prediction that will
be tested by research.
• Before formulating your research hypothesis, read about
the topic of interest to you.
• From your reading, which may include articles, books
and/or cases, you should gain sufficient information
about your topic that will enable you to narrow or limit
it and express it as a research question. The research
question flows from the topic that you are considering.

12. What is a research hypothesis?
• The research question, when stated as one sentence, is your Research Hypothesis. In some disciplines,
the hypothesis is called a “thesis statement.” Other words for “hypothesized” are “posited,” “theorized”
or “proposed”. Remember, your hypothesis must REQUIRE two or more disciplines, one of which is law. This
is essential, since your paper is interdisciplinary and a demonstration of the interdisciplinary process.
• In your hypothesis, you are predicting the relationship between variables.
Through the disciplinary insights gained in the research process throughout the
year, you “prove” your hypothesis. This is a process of discovery to create greater
understandings or conclusions. It is not a strict proof as in logic or mathematics.

13. What is a research hypothesis?
• In your hypothesis, you are predicting the relationship
between variables. Through the disciplinary insights gained
in the research process throughout the year, you “prove”
your hypothesis. This is a process of discovery to create
greater understandings or conclusions. It is not a strict proof
as in logic or mathematics.

14. Example Research Question:
• Is there a significant relationship between profile (age, sex, family
income) and academic performance of senior high students?
Statement of Research Null hypothesis (Prediction is not true).
• There is no significant relationship between profile (age, sex, family
income) and academic performance of senior high students.

15. What is a Literature Review?
A literature review is an objective, thorough summary and critical analysis of the relevant available
research and non-research literature on the topic being studied (Hart, 1998; Cronin, et al., 2008). Its goal is to
bring the reader up to date with current literature on a topic and form the basis for another goal, such as the
justification for future research in the area. A source. It is well written and contains few if any personal biases.
It should contain a clear search and selection strategy (Carnwell and
Daly, 2001; Cronin, et al., 2008). Good structuring is essential to
enhance the flow and readability of the review (Colling, 2003).

16. Directions: Read each item carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is true and write FALSE if the statement if false.
1. Conceptual frameworks give life to research. TRUE
2. If theoretical framework and/or conceptual framework are applied wrongly, the result their research findings become
weak. TRUE
3. It is the researcher’s explanation of how the research problem would be explored. TRUE
4. The research activities are planned to verify the hypothesis and not to find out the solution of the problem or to seek
an answer to a question. TRUE
5. Hypothesis is called also a leap into the dark. TRUE

17. Directions: Read each item carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is true and
write FALSE if the statement if false.
6. Hypothesis predicts what the researchers expect to see, the goal of research is to determine whether this guess is right or
wrong. TRUE
7. The goal literature review is to bring the reader up to date with current literature on a topic and form the basis for another goal,
such as the justification for future research in the area. TRUE
8. A good literature review gathers biases information about a particular subject from any sources. FALSE
9. The introduction and conclusion to your review of the literature should show how your research project will join the on-going
conversation. TRUE
10. The main aim in structuring your review of the literature is to lead your reader to understand the need to precisely conduct the
form of literature review or research paper that you propose or have done. TRUE

18. Bibliography
• Melegrito L. and Mendoza D. Applied Research: Introduction to Quantitative Research Method
and Report Writing. Phoenix Publishing House 2016
• Fraenbel, J. Wallen, N., and Hyun, H. 2012. How to design and evaluate research in education.
2012. USA: Mc-Graw-Hill.
• Creswell, J. 2014. Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches.
4th ed. Los Angeles: Sage.
• Jesson, J., Matheson, L., and Lacy, F. 2011. Doing your literature review: Traditional and
systematic techniques. Los Angeles: Sage.
• Baraceros E. Practical Research 2. Rex Publishing House 2016