Modul Bahasa Inggris SMA

1. MODUL BAHASA INGGRIS
KELAS XI
ABSTRACT
[Draw your reader in with an engaging abstract. It is
typically a short summary of the document. When
you’re ready to add your content, just click here and
start typing.]

2. 1
UNIT 1
WOW, IT IS SO AMAZING
(SPOKEN DESCRIPTION)
 SOCIAL FUNCTION :
 To describe a particular person, place or thing.
 GENERIC STRUCTURE :
 Identification: identify phenomenon to be described
 Description : describe parts, qualities, characteristics
 Language features : 1. Focus on specific participants
2. Use of attributive and identifying processes
3. Frequent use classifiers in nominal groups
4. Use of Simple Present Tense
A. Building Knowledge of Field
A.1. Listening
Activity 1
Listen to the teacher while she/he is reading
MYRNA
Myrna is a young Canadian woman who lives in the apartment next to me; that is, she is my (1) … , She is a very
(2) … girl. In fact she was so pretty that she should be on the (3) … of a magazine. She has a good job in an
office because she is a (4) … . However, Myrna is (5) … and she wants a better job. She does not earn (6) …
money in this job, she says. She has decide to learn shorthand. Consequently she is studying (7) … at (8) … .
She goes to class two (9) … a week, on Tuesday and Wednesday. She was learning fast. She can take dictation
at 30 (10) … per minute.
Answer the following question
1. Who is the speaker’s neighbour?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. How does she look like?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. How is her character?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. What does she do on Tuesday and Wednesday evenings?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Does she have a special ability? What is it?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Vocabulary Building
Activity 2
Match the words with the body parts by drawing a straight line. Look at the example given
Waist
Buttock
Back
Shoulder
Legs
Head
Hand
Eyes
Cheeks
Arms
Hair
Breast
Forehead
Stomach
Wrist
Lips
Nose
Mouth
Eye brow
Ear
Activity 3.
Look at the picture . Then answer the questions
1. How does this man look like?
_________________________________________
2. How old is he?
_________________________________________
3. How is his complexion?
_________________________________________
4. How is his figure?
_________________________________________

3. 2
5. How is his height?
_________________________________________
Activity 4.
Read the following words aloud and find their meanings in your dictionary
A. Looks Meanings
1. ugly : _____________________
2. sexy : _____________________
3. plain : _____________________
4. charming : _____________________
5. cute : _____________________
6. pretty : _____________________
7. handsome : _____________________
8. cool : _____________________
9. beautiful : _____________________
10. attractive : _____________________
B. Age Meanings
1. old : _____________________
2. eldery : _____________________
3. young : _____________________
4. middle-aged : _____________________
5. young : _____________________
C. Complexion
1. dark : _____________________
2. fair : _____________________
3. black : _____________________
D. Figure Meanings
1. stocky : _____________________
2. fat : _____________________
3. big : _____________________
4. slender : _____________________
5. plump : _____________________
6. slim : _____________________
7. small : _____________________
8. skinny : _____________________
9. muscular : _____________________
10. obese : _____________________
D. Height Meanings
1. tall : _____________________
2. short : _____________________
3. average height : _____________________
Activity 5.
Look at the pictures then describe their physical features
01.
02.
Looks : ________________________
Age : ________________________
Complexion : ________________________
Figure : ________________________
Height : ________________________
Looks : ________________________
Age : ________________________
Complexion : ________________________
Figure : ________________________
Height : ________________________

4. 3
03.
Activity 6.
Look at the picture then answer the questions
1. How is his hair?
__________________________________________________
2. how is his face?
__________________________________________________
3. how is his eyes?
__________________________________________________
4. How is his nose?
__________________________________________________
5. how is his cheeks
__________________________________________________
6. How is his ears?
__________________________________________________
Activity 7.
Pronounce and find the meaning of the words
No. Body parts Characteristics No. Body parts Characteristics
1 face 1. long
2. oval
3. pale
4. oblong
4. Eyes 1. small
2. bright
3. wide
4. slanted
5. blue
2. Nose 1. pointed
2. small
3. flat
4. aquiline
5. Cheek 1. chubby
2. haggard
3. Hair 1. black
2. blond
3. curly
4. bald
5. straight
6. ponytail
6. ears 1. small
2. big
Activity 8.
Match the description with the picture
______ ________ ________ _______ ________
A. Mr. Michel is a well-known English Snookerman. He has bald hair
B. Linda is a young sexy girl. Her legs are so slender.
C. Budiman loves sport very much. Look at his muscular arm.
D. Dr. Arif is a lecturer at University of Indonesia. His curly hair makes him easy to recognized .
E. Mrs . Elma is 45 years old. But her long straight hair makes her look younger.
Looks : ________________________
Age : ________________________
Complexion : ________________________
Figure : ________________________
Height : ________________________

5. 4
A.2. Grammar Focus
A.2.1. Word Order
Study the following sentences!
 Myrna is a young Canadian woman.
 She is a very pretty girl.
 She is an energetic typist.
To describe something sometimes we can use more than one adjective. We can use both fact adjectives and
opinion adjectives.
A young Canadian woman. (determiner + age + origin + NOUN)
An expensive brown leather, traveling, bag (determiner + opinion + colour + NOUN)
Activity 9
Put the following adjective into the table!
Javanese
Triangular
Big
Glass
bamboo
Green
Circular
Tiny
Cheap
Deep
Fall
Plastic
Shopping
Spanish
Purple
Ugly
Writing
Smart
tall
Wide
Determiner Opinion Fact NOUN
Size Age Shape Colour Origin Material Purpose
Activity 10
Put the adjectives in brackets into the correct order, then make into a good sentence. (Number 1 has been done for
you)
1. two (thick, expensive, reading) books
My teacher put two expensive thick reading books on the table
2. a (square, heavy, wooden) box.
________________________________________________________________________________________
3. a vase of (plastic, red, beautiful, tiny) flowers.
________________________________________________________________________________________
4. a bunch of (French, red, cheap, big) grapes.
________________________________________________________________________________________
5. five (middle-aged, Australian, cheerful) tourist.
________________________________________________________________________________________
6. an (blue, silky, evening, exclusive, Parisian) gown.
________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Some (smart, elegant, young, tall, English) woman.
________________________________________________________________________________________
8. a (young, German, blue-eyed) man
________________________________________________________________________________________
A.2.2.Compound Adjectives
A compound adjectives is an adjectives which is made up of two parts and is usually written with a hyphen, e. g.
Well-dressed, never-ending, diamond-shaped.
Its meaning is usually clean from the words it combines. The second part of the compound adjectives is
frequently a present or past participle.
Middle – aged Two – faced Absent – minded
Curly – haired Big – headed Hand – made
Egg – shaped Good – legged Broad – shoulders
Heart – shaped Blue – eyed

6. 5
Self – canted Rosy – cheeked
Warm – hearted Thin – lipped
White – haired Left – handed
easy – going Slim – hipped
e. g. Tom is a curly – haired, broad – shouldered, left – handed young man.
Activity 11
Using a compound adjectives, complete the following sentence. Number 1 has been done for you
1. Yani : Dian is very tense now. Do you know what happens with her?
Yuni : Because she thinks her exam. She’s usually quite relaxed and easy – going about most thing
2. Linda : Jane has beautiful eyes.
Ann : You’re right. Her eyes are ______________________________________________________
3. Melisa is a_____________________________________girl so she has a lot of friends.
4. Rendra : Did you see the old woman when you came here two days ago?
Jeffry : You mean the ________________________________woman. Was she your grandmother?
5. Rini is the cleverest girl in our class. But she is a little______________________girl many students dislike her.
The … girls is Miss Universe from Russia. She’s weaning a pair of beautiful red Italian shoes.
6. Liza : Jane has beautiful eyes.
Joan : You’re right. Her eyes are____________________________________________________
7. Iwan : Brr … brr … it’s too cold here. I can’t help living in an _____________________________ room.
Dedi : I’ll turn of the AC.
A.2.3.Relational Process
To describe a person a thing or place we normally use relational verbs to give information about them.
e. g.
Here is a list relational process
be (is, am, are) Feel keep indicate
be (was, were) Become weigh refer
seem Remain stay reflect
appears Turn cost portray
sound Grow measure function
look Go make act
taste Run realize reveal
smell Come denote represent
Activity 12
Works in pairs. Use the following words to identify the picture.
See the example
 Hindu
 Temple
 Biggest
 Famous
 Central Java
 Beautiful Relief
Grojogan Sewu is a beautiful waterfall
My town has many tourist resorts
The weather today gets hotter
Her house is the most beautiful house in our town
Bengawan Solo is the longest river in Java
OR
The most beautiful house in our town is her housed
The longest river in Java is Bengawan Solo
1

7. 6
Prambanan is a famous temple. It is the biggest Hindu temple. It is located between Yogyakarta and Central java.
It has beautiful relief
 Middle – aged
 Teacher
 Man
 Glasses
 White – haired
 Flowery shirt
 Friendly
 English
Mr Gunawan is ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 Beautiful
 Waterfall
 Tawangmangu Karanganyar
 Central java
 Mountains
 Scenery
 Fresh
Grojogan Sewu is …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 Light green
 Isuzu Panther
 2004
 Comfortable
 Automatic seatbelt
 Elegant
 Diesel engine
Thi is my car …….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 Long - hair
 beautiful
 attractive
 blue eyed
 slim
 thin - lipped
 young
 Venezuelan
 Model
Mary is a model ...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
A.3.Speech function
A.3.1.Getting other people's opinions, expressing opinions
Getting other people’s opinios :
 What do you think of …
 Is that right (true) that …
 Do you think it's going …
 Why do they behave like that?
2
3
5
4

8. 7
 Do you have any idea?
 How do you like …?
 Please give me your frank opinion.
 What's your opinion?
Expressing opinions :
 In my opinion, …
 I personally believe …
 I personally think …
 I personally feel
 Not everyone will agree with me, but …
 To my mind …
 From my, point of view…
 Well, personally …
 If I had my way I would …
 What I'm more concerned with is …
 In my case …
 Absolutely …
Activity 13
Read this dialogue!
Andy : Well, what do you think of my car?
Bimo : Well, personally, It looks comfortable. By the way, is it an expensive American car?
Andy : No, it’s a cheap small Japanese car.
Bimo : How many people can it take?
Andy : There’s room for five people.
Bimo : Has it got brakes?
Andy : Yes, there’re very good. The engine’s in the front, and there’s a big boot in the back.
Bimo : It’s looks well made
Andy : Would you like to come for drive?
Bimo : OK. Drive carefully, won’t you. There’s a lot of traffic today.
a. Answer the questions.
1. How many persons are involved in the conversation?
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Who is the owner of the car?
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. How does the car look like?
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. What does Bimo think about Andy’s car?
______________________________________________________________________________________
b. In pairs, make a short dialogue by using giving opinion and expression
X : __________________________________________________________________________________
Y : __________________________________________________________________________________
X : __________________________________________________________________________________
Y : __________________________________________________________________________________
X : __________________________________________________________________________________
Y : __________________________________________________________________________________
X : __________________________________________________________________________________
Y : __________________________________________________________________________________
X : __________________________________________________________________________________
Y : __________________________________________________________________________________
A.3.2. Expression of love.
Activity 14
Listen your teacher’s reading the dialogue
Adita : Have you ever gone to Australia?
Andien : Not yet. How about you?

9. 8
Adita : I have gone there twice
Andien : What state have you visited?
Adita : I went to New South Wales.
Andien : Wow. So you must have visited Sidney. Its capital.
Adita : You are right.
Andien : How has the situation been in Sydney?
Adita : It is a big and crowded city. But the people are so lovely. Their hospitality made me impressed.
Andien : You must like the city much.
Adita : Yes, I even love the city. When I have time and money. I’ll visit Sidney once again.
Andien : Ask me then!.
Adita : Of course.
Answer these questions
1. Who are they?
______________________________________________________________________
2. What are they talking about?
______________________________________________________________________
3. What city has Adita gone to?
______________________________________________________________________
4. How is his feeling about the city?
______________________________________________________________________
5. Can you show his expression to show his feeling?
______________________________________________________________________
6. Can you mention the other examples of expression of love?
______________________________________________________________________
Activity 15.
Learn these expressions
Expression of love responses
I love you
I love you so much
I love you from the bottom of my hard
I must love it
I really love it
I am crazy about you
I am crazy of …
I love you too
So do I
Me too
I love it too
I feel the same with you
Activity 16.
Fill the blank with suitable expression of love and its responses
1. Amin : Here is your picture when you were at Sidney?
Ari : Yes, Isn’t this city great.
Amin : Yes, what do you feel about the city?
Ari : ________________________. I’ll visit it another time.
2. Kelly : Here a present for you. Happy birthday Andy.
Andy : Oh, thank you. What is it?
Kelly : Just open!
Andy : Wow. a gold watch. _____________________ .
3. Andi : Can I be frank about what I’m really feeling?
Rika : Yeah…
Andi : __________________________________________
Rika : Really? Do you ?
Andi : yes, I do.
4. Dina : Bert, Why do you always send me this love letters, call me any time, come to my house? Why do
you do that?
Bert : _______________________of you Dina. I can forget you. You are always in my mind.
5. Romeo : Juliet, I love you from the bottom of my heart.
Juliet : Oh, Romeo , __________________________________
Romeo : Really?
Juliet : Yes

10. 9
A.3.3. Expression of Pleasure.
Activity 17
Observe this picture. Answer the question.
Activity 18.
Learn these expressions
Neutral expression
I’m glad
I’m glad you like it
I’m glad it’s done
I’m glad the…..runs well
I’m very pleased with …
I’m very delighted about…
Informal expression
Great
Terrific
Fantastic
That’s great
That’s terrific
Formal expression
It gives me a great pleasure
I am delighted to hear that
Activity 19.
Write a transactional or interpersonal dialogue based on the following situation.
1. You meet with your old friend. He is a top manager in a multinational company. You are glad to know it.
Your friend : ____________________________________________________________________
You : ____________________________________________________________________
Your friend : ____________________________________________________________________
You : ____________________________________________________________________
Your friend : ____________________________________________________________________
You : ____________________________________________________________________
2. Your friend just came from Australia. He told you that his travel is fascinating and you glad to hear that.
You : ____________________________________________________________________
Your friend : ____________________________________________________________________
You : ____________________________________________________________________
Your friend : ____________________________________________________________________
You : ____________________________________________________________________
Your friend : ____________________________________________________________________
3. You are following a casting for a new soap commercial. One day the advertising agency calls you that you
are accepted as the commercial star. You are very glad to hear the phone.
You : ____________________________________________________________________
Adv officer : ____________________________________________________________________
You : ____________________________________________________________________
Adv officer : ____________________________________________________________________
You : ____________________________________________________________________
Adv officer : ____________________________________________________________________
You : ____________________________________________________________________
Adv officer : ____________________________________________________________________
My flight from
Canberra ran well. I’m
glad it’s done
Good for you!
The pilot is expressing his feeling of ______________________

11. 10
B. Modelling Text of Field
Activity 20
Read the following description of a city. Divide it into paragraphs.
Title Yogyakarta
Identification
Yogyakarta is one of the nicest places I have ever visited. It is a city
in south of Java Island. It is a popular holiday resort for people who like
cultural and historical sites.
Yogyakarta is a small city but there are lots of different things to see.
There are many temples in the province, such as Prambanan, Kalasan and
Sambi Sari. There are also two palaces that we must not miss,
Hamengkubuwono and Paku Alam palace.
Description
Yogyakarta is a small city but there are lots of different things to see.
There are many temples in the province, such as Prambanan, Kalasan and
Sambi Sari. There are also two palaces that we must not miss,
Hamengkubuwono and Paku Alam palace.
Yogyakarta is a tropical city. There are lots of palm trees and other
tropical fruit trees. There are also beautiful beaches, such as Parangtritis,
Krakal, Kukup, Glagah. It is not difficult to get around the city at the day
because taxis and buses are easily found.
Unfortunately, there is no bus in the evening. The only way to see
the nightlife of the city is by taxi, but it is rare at night. I like Yogyakarta
because it's a beautiful and peaceful city. I would like to visit it again one
day.
a. Discuss these questions
1. What does the writer to describe?
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. What does the first paragraph tell the reader about?
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. In what paragraphs are the terms in Yogyakarta mentioned?
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. What does it’ (pr. 1 the 2nd sentences) refer to?
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. How are the beaches in Yogyakarta?
______________________________________________________________________________________
6. What does the writer think of Yogyakarta.
______________________________________________________________________________________
b. Now let’s study the text more closely.
1. Does the writer start with the identification?
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Does the text describe parts qualities, and characteristics of Yogyakarta?
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Is the text in simple present tense?
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Which of these is the purpose of the text?
a. to describe a particular place
b. to describe the way things are
C. Joint Construction
Activity 21
THAILAND
Thailand is an ASEAN country. It has been trying to have good relations with its neighbours and other
countries in the world. It does not allow other countries to interfere with its domestic affairs and it refuses foreign
military bases to be installed in the country.
Thailand is an area of 514 square kilometers. It is equal to one third of the size of the South-east Asian
Peninsula. Thailand has been the rice barn of South-east Asia. Rice is one of the main exports of the country
besides other farming products. Ninety percent of the population in Thailand are Buddhists.
Thailand, one of the Kingdoms in South-east Asia, means free country. This is because Thailand is the
only country in South-east Asia which has never been occupied by the European.

12. 11
Thailand is ruled by a king. The people have great respect for their king because firstly, the kingdom is
the oldest institution in Thailand. Secondly, most of the Kings have succeeded in leading their people and country
towards prosperity. Moreover, the King is the protector of Buddhism, the national religion, and therefore, the king
can do no wrong.
Thailand is also called a country of thousand pagodas. In Bangkok, the capital city, there are around 400
beautiful pagodas.
a. True or false? Show in what paragraph the correct statement is written.
1. … Thailand lets other countries interfere with its domestic affairs.(paragraph …)
2. … The European has ever occupied Thailand. ( … )
3. … Minority of the people in Thailand are Buddhists. ( … )
4. … The King has an important role in leading his country. ( … )
5. … Bangkok is called a country of thousand pagodas. ( … )
b. Work in groups. Finds the text structure of the test?
Title
Identification
………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………..
Description
………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………..
c. Language Features
Find out a specific thing / participant describe in the text
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………
Find out attributive and identifying process
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………
Find out sentences written in simple present
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………
D. Independent Construction of Text
Activity 22
Make a short description( choose one of the following items)
1. Report to the police that
a. Your friend is missing when you are camping
b. Your motorcycle is missing when you are shopping
c. Your pet is missing
2. Act as if you are a guide, tell to the tourists
a. One of the tourist resorts in your town
b. One of the historical buildings in Central Java
Name : ________________________ Student Number: ________________________
No. Aspects of scoring Scoring
Low (45-59) Average (60-75) Good (76-100)
1. Pronunciation
2. Intonation
3. Stress
4. Gestures
Total
Total Score

13. 12
UNIT 2
The Place Is Exiting !
(Written description)
 Learning outcomes
 Reading a description text about a particular place or thing.
 Writing a descriptive text about a particular place or thing.
In this unit you learned how to describe a persons physical features, In this lesson, you will learn new to write a
description of particular thing or place e.g a city, a place of interest or a country.
A. Building Knowledge of Field
A.1.Recognizing places around you
Activity 1
Names things in the school
 In pairs, make a list of things that you can use.
Fine in your school and their characteristic.
 Look at the example.
Thing in/at the school
1. yard
2. the building
3. ………………………………………
4. ……………………………………..
5. …………………………………….
6. …………………………………….
7. ……………………………………
8. …………………………………….
9. …………………………………….
10. …………………………………….
Characteristic
Wide,
Big, beautiful
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
Activity 2
Naming and qualifying places
 Go out and identify places around your school and mention some characteristic that place have.
 Look at the example
Place
a mosque
a traditional market
……………………..
……………………..
……………………..
……………………..
……………………..
……………………..
……………………..
Characteristics
big, tall, clean
crowded
……………………..
……………………..
……………………..
……………………..
……………………..
……………………..
……………………..
Gambar Sekolah

14. 13
Activity 3
Understanding a text
Read the text below and answer the questions !
Read the following description of a city.
Yogyakarta is one of the nicest places I have ever visited. It is a city in south of Java Island. It is a popular
holiday resort for people who like cultural and historical sites. Yogyakarta is a small city but there are lost of
different things to see. There are many temples in the province, such as Prambanan, Kalasan and Sambi sari.
There are also two palaces that we must not miss, Hamengkubuwono and Paku Alam palace. Yogyakarta is a
tropical fruit trees. There are also beautiful beaches, such as Parangtritis, Krakal, Kukup, Glagah, it is not difficult
to get around the city at the day because taxis and buses are easily found. Unfortunately, there is no bus in the
evening. The only way to see the night life of the city is bu taxi, but is are at night. I like Yogyakarta because it’s a
beautiful and peaceful city. I would like to visit it again one day.
Answer the question !
1. Divide this passage into 2 paragraph !
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the main idea of each paragraph ?
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. What adjective does the writer use to describe this city ?
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. What characteristic does Yogyakarta have ?
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. How does the writer describe the place.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 4
Write a short description about the place that you like to go in your holiday based an the writing plan !
Writing plan
Introducing – Give general – What is the name of the place?
information about the place – Where is it located?
– What do you know about the history of the place?
– What makes this place interesting?
– Have you been to this place?
Main part – Describe the place, size – What is this place like?
People, building, famous – Is there anything special about
Sights this place?
– Are there any sights, buildings worth to visit?
– What can people do to have a good time?
Conclusion – Give your opinion about – What do you think of this place?
The place – Is there anything you particularly like/dislike about this place?
Title
__________________________
Introducing
Gambar yokyakarta

15. 14
Main Part
Conclusion
A.2. Grammar Focus
A.2.1. Simple Present Tense
Description text in general uses Simple Present Tense as its main tense. Here is the summary.
A. General pattern
Pattern Time reference
a. Verb pattern
(+) S + V1(-s/-es)
(-) S + do/does not V1
(?) Do/does + S + V
B. To be pattern
(+) S + is/am/are + adjective/adverb/nouns
(-) S+ is/am/are not + adjective/adverb/nouns
(?) Is/Am/Are S + adjective/adverb/nouns
Every….
Always never
Often occasionally
Sometimes seldom
Rarely
Ever
B. Function
1. Expressing habitual actions or customs
2. Expressing general truth
C. Examples
1. The desert is hot and dry.
2. Camels live in the desert.
3. Date tree grows well in the desert
4. We aren’t Arabian but Indonesian.
5. They don’t go to Mecca every year
6. Are you hungry?
7. Does Shinta walk to school everyday.
D. Special Note
If the subject is third singular person (e.g) he, she, it John, Smith, Karen, the earth), we must
add a final –s pr –es to the verb.
1. Add –es if the verb ends in ss, sh, ch, x or z
cross – crosses
crush - crushes
catch - catches
mix - mixes
buzz - buzzes
2. If the verb ends in –y preceded by a consonant , change the –y into I and add -es
cry - cries
fry - fries

16. 15
Activity 5.
Put the verb in the bracket into the correct form.
Do as Example : Ani ….. (drive ) a cab to her school every day.
Ani drives a cab to her school everyday.
1. Sidney … (be) the the capital of New South Wales.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. The People of New South Wales … (work) in their field every morning.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. The city of Melbourne never ….(sleep) at night.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. The Weather in New South Wales ….(not, be) so hot beacause it is located in the southern hemisphere.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. You …. (not, throw) the rubbish to the river. It will pollutate its environment.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. The Ilama (live) Indonesia? No. They live in the South America
________________________________________________________________________________
7. Armand (be ) ill ?. He looks pale.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. Why you (be) thin?
________________________________________________________________________________
A.2.2. Relating verbs
When we describe a thing or place we normally use relating verbs to give information about them.
Example :
Our classroom is big
My hometown has a beautiful beach
Paris looks fantastic at night
Our school is the largest school in our city
Rio De Janeiro is the city in carnival
Prambanan resembles the temple in Cambodia
The largest school in our city is our school
The city of carnival is Rio De Janeiro
The temple in Cambodia resembles Borobudur
Activity 6
Identifying relating verb.
 Read the text below
 Underline the relating verb and answer the questions.
Boomerang is a famous weapon it is used by Australian aboriginal peoples. The boomerang is also
famous for returning to the person who throws it. It is a curved or bent throwing stick used for hunting or
fighting. Also, nowadays, the boomerang is used just for playing. Most boomerang are between 30 and 75
centimeters long, and they can weigh up to 350 grams. An interesting fact is that not all boomerangs come
back. Most boomerang are designed to return, but some are designed not return.
Wood is heated and then shaped into a boomerang. Some shape make the boomerang return, some
shapes make it go straight.
Question :
1. What this is described?
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. The meaning of “a throwing stick is …..
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. How many relating verb on the text. mention about them!
_________________________________________________________________________________
A Jackaroo is an Australian cowboy and a jillaroo is an Australian cowgirl. Jackaroos and jillaroos
work on huge farm called stations. They ride around the station on horses doing many jobs. For example they
check fences and repair them if necessary. They check on the animals and move them from one place to
another when needed. This is called mustering. They also take care of activities such as branding, castrating,
tagging, young calves and sheep searing. Nowadays Jackaroos and jillaroos sometimes drive 4 x 4 jeeps
instead of riding horse to do their jobs.
4. What are jackaroos and jillaroos jobs?
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the meaning of “branding”?
_________________________________________________________________________________

17. 16
6. Huge has the same meaning with ….
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. What is the meaning of “Castrating ….
_________________________________________________________________________________
8. What this is described?
_________________________________________________________________________________
Emu is a large bird but it cannot fly. They are usually 1.5 to 2 meters tall. They weigh around 36
kilogram but some weigh as much as 50 kilograms. They have three toes on their feet and very long legs.
They can run very, very fast-up to 50 kilometers an hour! Emus eat grass, leaves and small insects. The
female usually lays about 20 eggs. The eggs are large and are a dark green color.
The male Emu sits on the eggs in the large nest until the eggs hatch. He sits on the eggs for around 7-
8 weeks. He does not leave the nest for this time, when the eggs hatch, the male emu looks after the babies
for about six months. The female emu does not care for babies.
9. Mention the facts about the Emu!
_________________________________________________________________________________
10. How the Emu’s eggs?
_________________________________________________________________________________
11. What is the meaning of “hatch”?
_________________________________________________________________________________
12. What does the Emu eat?
_________________________________________________________________________________
A.2.2. Noun Phrases
When writing a description about place or a thing we often noun phrases, i e. nouns that come with other
words, such as an adjectives or other noun.
(adj + noun) or (noun + noun) we use adjectives and nouns to describe or classify some thing.
Consider the following example.
– a beautiful city – the principal office
– a famous place – a soccer field
– fabulous beaches – a meeting room
– and old building – a basketball court
Identifying Noun Phrases
 Read the text below
 Underline the noun phrases and answer the question.
This city is the largest on Sumatra and is a major road hub in the Deli region.
Connections extend by rail to the interior resorts of the Lake Toba area. This
city is the site of the University of North Sumatra (1952), the Islamic University
of North Sumatra (1952), the palace and residence of the sultan of Deli, a
large mosque, and a tobacco-research station. Developing after 1870, the city
had a great increase in industrial production in the 1940s and 1950s.
Question :
1. What city is described:
a. Palembang
b. Medan
c. Banda Aceh
2. Why, do you think, does the writer use phrases?
_________________________________________________________________________________
Forming Noun Phrases
Activity 7
 Use a noun phrase to describe the underlined nouns in the following phrases.
 Number one has been done for you.
1. A garage for two cars : A two car garage
2. A hotel that is rated “Five Stars”. : _______________________________________________
3. A lab to do biology experiment. : _______________________________________________
4. A resort for tourists. : _______________________________________________
5. A stadium that has 100,000 seats. : ______________________________________________
6. A Store with different departments. : _______________________________________________
7. A studio to make photos. : _______________________________________________
Gambar Danau
Toba

18. 17
8. A theatre in the open air. : _______________________________________________
9. An apartment with 40 floors. : _______________________________________________
10. Books from the library : _______________________________________________
Identifying Adjective
Activity 8
Read this text and answer the questions.
If you want to buy leather shoes, slippers, or bags with
extremely low prices, then go to this city. Besides its
inexpensive products, this cool city also has a special food,
“peyem.” Many different flowers are grown in this area, so
that the city is called the city of flower.
Questions :
1. What city is described?
a. Jakarta
b. Bogor
c. Bandung
2. Adjectives used : low, ______,______,______,______.
B. Modelling of Text
Activity 6
Read the following text.
Day attention to the explanation about the structure of the text and the important gram matical and lexical
(vocabulary) items.
Example of description
(a) Real Estate
IDENTIFICATION
IDENTIFICATION
S. present
Adjective
The residence is situated at Lot no. 56
Sunshine Place in the Sallina Quays Estate.
Tucked away in 2 prime cul-de-sac position
with views to Jackson Island over a soon-to-
be-completed lake, the property is almost 45
squares.
It has a large four-car garage (remote doors),
family room, a modern kitchen, five large
bedrooms featuring ensuite and walk-in robe
to main plus built-in robes in all others,
intercom/radio throughout and beautiful
landscaped grounds with any oval-shaped in-
ground pool
specific
participants
simple present
tense and
verbs of being
and having
(b) Extract from Police Report
IDENTIFICATION
DESCRIPTION
Adjective
IDENTIFICATION
DESCRIPTION
Homosexuals drugged and robbed
The offender alternately calls himself Stan or
George;
He is described as being in his early 30s, of
southern European appearance, 180 cm tall
with a solid build.
He often wears a chunky gold bracelet and
has a home-made tattoo with the letters
DMC or similar on an inside forearm.
His accomplice, Mick,
is in his early 30s, of southern European
appearance, 175 cm tall and of slim build.
Sandringham detectives are anxious to
interview either or both of these men. If you
have any information which may assist
specific
participants
simple present
tense and
verbs of being
and having
Gambar bangunan

19. 18
please contact Detective Sergeant Rob
Douglas on 389 7145. Any information will be
treated in confidence.
Identifying the Text’s Structure and Purpose
Activity 7
Label the parts of this text and answer the questions.
Spring Garden Apartement
The Spring Garden Apartement Complex offers you and your family country living
at its best.
Surrounded by beautiful woods and hills, Spring Garden is located ten miles
outside the city but is only minutes from downtown on the freeway.
Unfurnished two-bedroom apartments are available. Each apartment has a
dishwasher, central heating, air conditioning, and a laundry room. Children and pets are
welcome.
In addition, there are tennis and basketball courts, two swimming pools, and a
playground. There are two parking spaces for each apartments.
(Richards, Hull, & Proctor, 1995 : 19)
Questions :
1. What does the writer want with this text?
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Where can you possibly find this kind of text?
____________________________________________________________________________
3. What kind of word are in bold?
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Circle the relating verbs.
____________________________________________________________________________
B. Joint Construction of Text
Activity 8
In Group of four , complete the following description about our contry.
A great nation of Indonesia
Indonesia is a great country.
This country is archipelagic. It has lots of islands. The country’s territory is very wide. It covers
1,904,443 sq km. ____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

20. 19
D. Independent Construction of Text
Activity 9
Writing a descriptive text independently.
Writing your own descriptive text
Write about the description of the city, town, sub district or village where you are living. Use the guidelines
provided.
Title:
(Give an interesting title for
example “Karanganyar Town,
A peaceful place”)
___________________________
Identification
(Write the name of your city,
town or village with a brief
description
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Description
(Describe parts, quality, and
characteristic of your place)
a. geographical condition
b. important landmark
c. place of interest
d. number of population
e. economic condition
f. lifestyle
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

21. 20
UJI KOMPETENSI
A. Choose the correct answer!
Text 1.
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital of the Republic of Indonesia. It has a population of six million, the largest of any
urban center in the southeast Asia. It is located on the alluvial plain of Ciliwung River in northwestern Java. The
city is coextensive with its metropolitan area, Jakarta Raya and forming a special capital region. The city has
expanded from the Kota, or Old city and now includes the modern port of Tanjung Priok.
The majority of the city's residents are Moslem from west, central and east Java. In the last 30
years, heavy immigration, primarily from the densely populated areas of Java, has encountered for much of
the rapid growth. Jakarta is the major industrial and commercial center in Indonesia with textiles and food
processing among its more important industries.
Jakarta's port is the nation's center of Indonesia. The Museum of Indonesia Culture, houses both domestic
and overseas flights.
Jakarta is also the cultural center of Indonesia. The Museum of Indonesia culture houses both
ancient and modern works art.
The University of Indonesia and nine private universities are located here.
Jakarta was settled as a trading center b Hindus and Buddhist from India about 15th century. The
Portuguese dominated the area in the 14th century, but they were ousted by the Sultan of Bantam in 152'7.
He named the city Jayakarta, meaning ." glorious fortress ".
to ?
1. What does the text above belong to ?
a. report
b. description
c. narrative
d. exposition
e. explanation
2. What tense does the text above mostly use ?
a. present tense
b. present continuous tense
c. past tense
d. present perfect tense
e. present future tense
3. Where is Jakarta located ?
a. in the metropolitan area
b. Tanjung Priok
c. the Kota or Old city
d. on the alluvial plain of Ciliwung River
e. in northwestern Java
4. The majority of the City's residents are Moslem ... ( pr. 2, first sentence ). The word " residents "
has the same meaning with …
a. citizens
b. people
c. persons
d. population
e. human
5. Which of the following statements is not true ?
a. The port of Tanjung Priok belongs to the city now.
b. Jakarta is the largest urban center in South east Asia
c. Jakarta is the major industrial and commercial center
d. Sultan of Bantam ousted Hindus and Buddhist
e. Most of residents are Moslems from west, central and east Java
6. When did Jakarta begin as a trading center ?
a. in 1527
b. in the 14th century
c. in the 5th century
d. in the 15th century
e. in 1945
7. The Portuguese dominated the area in the 14th century, but were ousted by Sultan of Bantam in
1527. The word " they " refers to ... .
a. Hindus
b. Buddhists
c. Dutch
d. Portuguese
e. Moslems
Text 2
NEW YORK
New York is America’s largest city. Many people call it the heart of America. Its skyline is known
everywhere in the world. Broadway and Times Square have been seen by more visitors than any other
places in the country.
New York Broadway is the theatre capitol of nation. Its dramas, comedies, musicals and reviews
are seen all over the world. Radio City Music hall, with its famous shows and live choir, is one of city’s
most popular attractions.
Soho which is often visited by visitors is the city’s current art centre. Its bars, restaurants and
galleries are among the favourite meeting places for the art world’s elite. Chinatowns will be a rewarding
stop on the visits. Its exotic market, its unusual shops, its beautiful art, and its wonderful restaurants
make it difficult to leave.
In New York, there are some of the world’s greatest museums and cultural centres: the Julliard
School of Music: the Metropolitan Museum of Art: the Guggenheim Museum, built by Frank Lloyd Wright.

22. 21
New York is also one of the world’s great seaports. The visitors can spend a very exciting day walking
the New York waterfront. Take a ride to Staten Island. Take photographs of the city’s many bridges,
especially the Brooklyn Bridge. Visit Central park and watch street performers.
Manhattan, the heart of New York is a never-ending circus. Visit Wall Street and the Diamond
district. Spend hours of windows shopping at its thousand stores and shops. There are branches of the
world finest stores in the street of Manhattan. New York is a shopper’s paradise. But, New York is a
much more than shopping. It is a city of landmark: Rockefeller Centre with its beautiful art deco
architecture: Grand Central Terminal: the New York Stock Exchange.
Millions of people are fascinated every night by Manhattan’s display of flashing neon signs. The
Empire State building is among the city’s best-known landmarks. City skyscrapers and architectural
panoramas will be seen everywhere.
There are still many other beautiful places in New York. New York famous zoo and the city’s
many urban parks are often visited by many people. In Manhattan, there are beautiful sculptures by
world-famous artist, fountain, monuments, churches and cathedrals. The United Nations building where
many diplomats are seen is a famous building in the world. The Statue of Liberty, the gift from the people
of French, has become America’s most famous symbol.
8. The text above belongs to
a. report
b. description
c. exposition
d. narrative
e. explanation
9. The first sentences functions as
a. general
classification
b. identification
c. orientation
d. abstract
e. setting the scenes
10. “It’s” in paragraph 2 line 2 refers to …
a. the heart of America
b. New York Broadway
c. Times Square
d. America’s largest
city
e. New York
11. Why is New York said to be the theatre capital of America?
a. Because New York is the largest city
b. The world’s greatest museums and cultures can be found in New York
c. Because there is Radio City Music Hall
d. People all over the world can enjoy its dramas, comedies, musicals and review
e. New York is the heart of city in America
12. Everywhere you look, you will see excite city skyscrapers and architectural panoramas. The
underlined word has the same meaning with …
a. tall building
b. land markers
c. panorama
d. attractions
e. sculpture
13. New York Broadway is the theatre capital of the nation. The world “is” belongs to …
a. mental process
b. material process
c. relational process
d. connections
e. perception process
14. Which one of the following statements is not correct ?
a. Soho is the city’s current art scene centre
b. The metropolitan Museum of Art is one of the world’s greatest
c. New York is one of the world’s great seaport
d. More visitors have seen Broadway and Times Square than any other places in the country
e. Americans build Liberty by themselves
15. My brother bought …
a. four kitchen aluminum multi-purpose utensils
b. four aluminum kitchen multi-purpose utensils
c. four multi-purpose aluminum kitchen utensils
d. four utensils multi-purpose aluminum kitchen
e. four multi-purpose aluminum utensils kitchen
16. She’s got blonde …
a. skin
b. hands
c. shoulders
d. hair
e. lips
17. Tom has very broad …
a. skin b. hands c. shoulders

23. 22
d. hair e. lips
18. She is beautiful but her younger sister is really quite …
a. ugly
b. pretty
c. bad
d. handsome
e. nice
19. Borobudur a gigantic Buddhist shine, is situated 42 kilometers north-west of Yogyakerta. The
underlined words means …
a. nice
b. huge
c. tall
d. large
e. wonderful
Complete the gaps in the police poster!
20.
a. light straight
b. dark curly
c. long straight
d. long curly
e. dark wavy
21.
a. slim
b. stocky
c. thin
d. broad
e. well
22.
a. round
b. thin
c. oval
d. good
e. square
23. X : What do you think of autumn in London?
Y : I think autumn in London is chilly and damp with rain and drizzle
The underlined expression shows …
a. asking someone opinion
b. asking someone comment
c. asking someone for information
d. asking agreement
e. asking certainty
24. X : There’s a good wind today. I think it’s good to sail.
Y : Yeah, it’s a good idea.
The underlined expression shows …
a. giving opinion
b. giving agreement
c. disappointment
d. attention
e. necessity
25. X : Did you enjoy visiting the museum?
Y : Yes, I did. I admired …
a. an old interesting French painting
b. an interesting old French painting
c. an old French interesting painting
d. a painting old interesting French
e. a French interesting painting old
B. Write the correct order in which the sentences should come in the paragraph!
1. The White House is a very large building.
2. His official home is called the White House.
3. Some of the rooms are open to the public.
4. The President of the United States lives and works in a special residence.
5. It contains receptionist rooms, offices, and rooms in which the President’s family lives.
The correct order : …….. , …….. , …….. , …….. , …….. .
WANTED FOR
ROBBERY
Sandra King
Height 5ft 4
(20)… hair
(21) … build
(22) … - faced

24. 23
UNIT 3
Let me tell you a story, ….
(Spoken Narrative)
A. Building Knowledge of text
A.1. Vocabulary
Activity 1.
Fill in the blank with the word/words from the box below.
Hidden Treasure
Once upon a time, a farmer had three sons. The farmer was rich and had many fields.
When the farmer was ………(1), he called his three sons to him. "I have left you …….(2) which will make
you rich", he told them. "But you must ……..(3) in all our fields to find the place where the treasure was
buried".
After the old man died, his three …….(4) sons went out into the fields. They began to dig. "I'll dig the first
to find the place where the treasure was ……..(5)", cried the eldest one. " That's the field where our father put
the treasure", said another son.
The three sons dug all the fields for several years, but they ……(6) no treasure.
………(7) , many plants grew in the fields because the sons had dug. The ……(8) made them very rich.
Activity 2.
Answer these questions based on the oral text!
1. Who are the main characters?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. When did the story take place?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What did the three sons have to do?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What made the three sons rich?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Activity 3
Change the verbs into past tense!
A. Today I …. Yesterday I ….
1. begin ….
2. come ….
3. see ….
4. buy ….
5. look ….
B. Today she …. Yesterday she ….
1. cries ….
2. plays ….
3. washes ….
4. Sleeps ….
5. Has ….
Activity 4
Write down the words belong to linking verbs!
1. Is 4. ….
2. …. 5. ….
3. …. 6. ….
A.2. Grammar Focus
A.2.1. Indirect speech Affirmative (Pernyataan Tidak Langsung)
To change a direct sentence into indirect one, there are some basic changes that must be considered.
1. Changes of Tenses
The tense of the direct sentence changes if the reporting verb of the direct tense is in the past form, the
tenses in the indirect speech change
Direct Speech Indirect speech
1. Simple present tense Simple past tense
Ira said, “ I like the show” Ira said that she liked the show
2. Simple future tense Past future tense
Ira said, “ I will go to Solo” Ira said that she would go to Solo
However dying vegetables dig dug
Treasure found lazy buried laziness

25. 24
3. Present perfect tense Past perfect tense
Ira said, “ I have finished my work” Ira said that she had finished her work
4. Simple past tense Past perfect tense
Ira said, “ I went out with my father” Ira said that she had gone out with her father
Note: If the reporting verb doesn’t not in past form so the indirect speech tense doesn’t change
Example: Maria says, “ I will cook fried chicken tonight”.
Maria says that she will cook fried chicken the following night
2. Changes of Pronouns
Direct Speech Indirect speech
1. Simple present tense Simple past tense
Ira said, “ I like the show” Ira said that she liked the show
2. Present perfect tense Past perfect tense
Ira said, “ I have finished my work” Ira said that she had finished her work
3. Changes in the adverb of times
In direct speech In Indirect speech
1. Now
2. next (month)
3. tomorrow
4. last (week)
5. yesterday
6. today
7. tonight
8. an hour ago
9. three hours ago
1. then /at that time
2. the following (month)
3. The following day
4. The previous (week)
5. The previous day
6. That day
7. That night
8. The previous hour
9. Three hours before
Examples:
Doni said , “ My father will spend his holiday in Langkawi Island next week”
Doni said that his father would spend his holiday in Langkawi Island the following week.
Rina said, “ I came to Slank concert last week
Rina said that she had come to Slank concert the previous week.
Activity 5
Change the sentences below into indirect speech.
Example: Dina said, “ My sister need new shoes”
Dina said that her sister needed new shoes
1. Damian said, “ I will meet you at school yard”
Damian said …………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Dian and Ana say, “ We are going to take the trip tomorrow”
Dian and Ana say ………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Gabrielle said, “ I am the most beautiful girl in the world”
Gabrielle said …………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Diane said to me, “ I was in London when you married”
Diane said to me ……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Father said, “ I have cultivated this farm for ten years”
Father said …………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Kelly said, “ My purse lost in my journey yesterday”
Kelly said ………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Marian and Anto said , “ We have been in this resort for a month”.
Marian and Anto said ………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Adrian told her sister, “ You must leave the building now. It will explode”
Adrian told her sister …………………………………………………………………………………
9. Mother told me, “ You can take a nap if you feel tired”
Mother told me ………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Kerry said, “ My father eats three slices of breads in his breakfast”
Kerry said ………………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Indirect speech Interrogative (Pertanyaan Tidak Langsung)
To change a direct sentence into indirect one, there are some basic changes that must be considered.
1. Changes of Tenses
2. Changes of Pronouns
3. Changes in the adverb of times
See the complete explanation in previous page

26. 25
4. Changes of sentenced format (as in interrogative form)
There are two formats in making interrogative indirect speech.
a. Yes/no question (kalimat tanya yang bisa di jawa dengan Yes atau No). For this form we must add
conjunction “If” or ” Whether” and change the interrogative form into affirmative one.
No. Direct speech Indirect speech
1. Dani asked me, “Do you know me” Dani asked me if I knew him.
2. Dany asked me, “Are you ill” Dani asked me if I were ill
3. Dany asked me, “Can you help me” Dani asked me whether I could help him
b. Pronominal question ( kalimat tanya yang mengunakan kata tanya – Wh-questions)
For this form we use the Wh question as conjunction then we change the interrogative form into
affirmative one.
No. Direct speech Indirect speech
1. Dani asked me, “Where do you live” Dani asked me where I lived
2. Dany asked me, “Who is he” Dani asked me Who he was
3. Dany asked me, “When will you arrive” Dani asked me when I would arrive
4. Dany asked me, “Why did Ani go out” Dani asked me why Ani went out
5. Dany asked me, “How old are you” Dani asked me How old I was
Activity 6
Change these sentence into indirect speech
Example : Michael asked Dina : “ Can you take me home?”
Michael asked Dody if She could take him home.
1. Dono asked me, “ will you meet me at café tonight?”
Damian asked me……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Dian and Ana asked Mr. John , “ Can you explain us about TOEFL test?”
Dian and Ana asked Mr. John…………………………………………………………………………
3. Gaby asked the man , “ Are you the man who helped me last night?”
Gaby asked the man.…………………………………………………………………………………
4. Diane asked me, “ were you in London when I married?”
Diane asked me ………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Father asked Dina, “ Have you cultivated this farm ?”
Father asked Dina……………………………………………………………………………………
6. Kelly asked my mother, “ Did your son take my purse yesterday?”
Kelly asked my mother………………………………………………………………………………
7. Marian and Anto asked me , “ Where have you been ?”.
Marian and Anto asked me……………………………………………………………………………..
8. Adrian asked her sister, “ Why must we leave the building now.? ”
Adrian asked her sister …………………………………………………………………………………
9. Mother asked me, “ How did you feel after taking a nap ?”
Mother asked me ………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Kerry asked, “ Who is he”
Kerry asked..……………………………………………………………………………………………
A.3. Language Expression
A.3.1. Expression of Sorrow
Activity 7.
In pairs. read aloud the following dialogue.
Andina : Hei, … Dini. What’s wrong with you. You look so sad.
Andini : Please, leave me alone.
Andina : What’s the problem? Tell me.
Andini : I can’t tell my pain and sorrow in words.
Andina : Oh, I guess. It must be about Andika. Am I right?
Andini : Yes. He broke my heart again.
Andina : Please. Come on girl. Don’t take it into your heart. There is not only one guys, right?
Andini : Yes, you are right. But I love him so much.
Andina : OK. Let’s go to Tawangmangu and make some refreshing there. It will open your mind and heart.
Andini : OK. Let’s go.
Question
The underlined utterances express Andini’s ____________________

27. 26
Activity 8.
Learn the following expressions
Activity 9.
In pairs. Write an interpersonal dialogue based on the situation given.
01. You are falling in love with a girl. But she refuse you. One of your friends
knows your sorrow
Your friend : Hey, why do you look so sad? I know, it must be about Rika. She refused you, didn’t she?
You : ______________________________________________________________________
Your friend : ______________________________________________________________________
You : ______________________________________________________________________
Your friend : ______________________________________________________________________
(continue by your self)
02. Your friend has just broken up with her girlfriend. He is sad now. He is sharing her sorrow with you.
You : ______________________________________________________________________
Your friend : Well, I broke up with Siti yesterday.
You : ______________________________________________________________________
Your friend : ______________________________________________________________________
You : ______________________________________________________________________
Your friend : ______________________________________________________________________
(continue by your self)
03. Your friend’s grandmother has just passed away. She is sad now. She sharing her sorrow with you.
You : ______________________________________________________________________
Your friend : Well, my grandma died last week. I can’t forget her until this time. She was a good women.
You : ______________________________________________________________________
Your friend : ______________________________________________________________________
You : ______________________________________________________________________
Your friend : ______________________________________________________________________
(continue by your self)
A.3.2. Expression of Anxiety
Activity 10
Observe the picture, then answer the question.
Kelly Catherine
From the dialogue above we know that Catherine expresses her ________
Activity 11.
Observe these expression
 Please, leave me alone.
 I can’t tell my pain and sorrow in words
 It brought me a lot of miseries
 My heart is so burdened
 I’m so sad to hear this
 I’m feeling bad at this time being
 I regret having to do this
It’s 11.00 pm now.
Father hasn’t come
yet.
Usually he always
comes on time at
08.00 pm. I’m afraid
something happen
with him.
 I’m worried about…
 I’m afraid …..
 I’m scared …
 I’m really in a flap about…
 I’m anxious about…
 I fear that …..
 I am very concerned about ..

28. 27
Activity 12.
In pairs. Write an interpersonal dialogue based on the situation given.
02. Your little sister has been playing outside since this morning. It is 05.00
pm but she hasn’t come yet.
You and your mother start to worry.
Your mother: It’s getting dark but your little sister hasn’t come home yet. I am worried about her.
You : ______________________________________________________________________
Your mother: ______________________________________________________________________
You : ______________________________________________________________________
Your mother: ______________________________________________________________________
(continue by your self)
02. Your friend borrowed your motorcycle. He promised to come back soon. It has been 10 hours but he
hasn’t arrived yed. You are worry about him.
You : ______________________________________________________________________
Your friend : ______________________________________________________________________
You : ______________________________________________________________________
Your friend : ______________________________________________________________________
You : ______________________________________________________________________
Your friend : ______________________________________________________________________
(continue by your self)
B. Modelling of Text.
Activity 13
Answer the following questions!
1. Have you ever read a short story or novel?
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Is it interesting or not?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. What does it actually tell about?
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Why do most teenagers like reading short stories or novel?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 14.
Read the following Short Story
The Broken Promise
Ita saw a mother –hen quickly gathering its chicks under its wings. Then, Ita looked up and saw a hawk
flying high up in the sky. Ita asked her grand mother, “ Why don’t the hen leave chicken alone?”
Ita’s grandmother told her the following story:
Once upon a time, a hawk fell in love with a hen. The hawk flew down from the sky and asked the hen, “Will you
marry me?”
The hen loved the brave, strong hawk and wished to marry him. But he said, “ I cannot fly as high as you
can. If you give me time, I may learn to fly as high as you. Then we can fly together”.
The hawk agreed. Before he went away, he gave the hen a ring. “ This is to show that you have promised to
marry me, “ said the hawk.
It so happened that the hen that the hen had already promised to marry a rooster. So, when the rooster
saw the ring, he became very angry. “throw that ring away at once!” shouted the rooster. The hen was so
frightened at the rooster’s anger that she threw away the ring immediately.
When the hawk came a few month later, the hen told him the truth. The hawk was so furious that he cursed
the hen, “Why didn’t you tell me earlier ? Now, you’ll always scratching the earth, and I’ll always be flying above
to catch your children,” said the hawk.
“ The curse seems to have come true, doesn’t it? “ Ita’s grandmother said.
(Adapted from Look Ahead 2: Eudia Grace, 2005: 42)
Questions
1. What does the story tell about?
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why did the mother-hen quickly gather its chicks under its wings?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. What did the hawk say after flying down the sky?
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. What characteristics of the hawk did the hen like?
__________________________________________________________________________________

29. 28
5. Why did the hawk give the hen a ring ?
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. Why was a roster angry?
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. What did the hawk do to show his anger?
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. Why did the hawk curse the hen?
__________________________________________________________________________________
9. What is meant by the sentence” The curse seems to have come true”?
__________________________________________________________________________________
10. The word “furious” is closest in meaning to ….
__________________________________________________________________________________
11. Complete the table based on the story above!
No. Adjectives Verbs Noun
1. strong
2. lengthen
3. Success
4. Anger
5. free
Activity 15
Read the text and answer the questions
RORO JONGGRANG
( The legend of Prambanan Temple)
The war between Pengging and Prambanan raged in the battlefield. The commander of Pengging was
Prince Bandung Bandawasa and the commander of Prambanan was King Baka, a big giant. The King of
Prambanan was killed, and the war was over. His wife, Roro Jonggrang, a very beautiful queen was safe.
Bandung Bandawasa fell in love with Roro Jonggrang and proposed her to be his wife. Roro Jonggrang
refused his proposal because she thought it would be better if he proposed her daughter, Nawangsih. But
Bandung insisted to marry her. Roro Jonggrang asked him a marriage settlement. She would accept him as her
husband if Bandung could make a magnificent temple with a thousand beautiful statues around it and finished
them in one night before the sun shone.
He agreed her and prayed for help to Gods. When the night fell a big work began. In the field there was a
noise of carving and arranging stones, but no one could see what happened.
Bandung Bandawasa almost finished his temples, but Roro Jonggrang cheated him. She asked villagers to
burn paddi plants in the East, so the women grinded the rice and the cocks crowed. It signed that the sun
shone. Bandung knew about this and became angry. He revenged her and made her a statue.
Bandung Bandawasa was deeply in love with Roro Jonggrang. So he was very disappointed seeing Roro
Jonggrang became a statue. He saw the statue from a certain distance, and the statue waved him and smiled.
Bandung Bandawasa called her aloud, “ Jonggrang, don’t leave me!”. He came closer to her but it was a stone.
He did it again and again. Bandung broke his heart and came home to Pengging. And Jongrang ran away from
Bandung Bandawasa to a certain village.
Bandung’s father, the king of Pengging asked about the war. But Bandung just smiled and called Roro
Jonggrang, “Oh, Jonggrang, will you marry me?”. His father asked him again about the war, but Bandung did not
care his father’s order. His father became very angry and said, “Bandung , you are the commander of Pengging,
but you acted as if you were a dog". Suddenly, Bandung became a dog.
The dog ran away to the village. However, in the village the dog met a women who was weaving clothes.
The woman was in trouble with the spin (mata pintal benang). She said, “Whoever could help with my spin, he
would be my husband.” No one could help her but the dog.
Answer the following questions based on the story.
1. When did the story occur?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Where did the story happen?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3 Mention the characters involved in the story?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Who won the fight ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Did Bandung Bondowoso fall in love with Roro Jonggrang ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

30. 29
6. Did she finally accept his love? Why?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. What did she ask Bandung Bondowoso to do ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1. Did Bandung succeed in completing 1.000 statues as Roro Jonggrang requested ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. What did Roro Jonggrang do to cancel Bandung‘s work ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. What did Bandung do after knowing her trickery ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. What do you feel after listening the story ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. What is the moral message from the story
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
C. Joint Construction of the text
Activity 16
In Pair, rearrange the story of “ Malin Kundang “ into good and meaningful paragraph.
( ) A Some days later his ship left the harbor. The sea was calm but when he reached
the open sea there was a great storm. The ship was drowned. Malin Kundang and his
money changed into a stone.
( ) B One day Malin Kundang told his mother that he would go to town and work there.
At first his mother did not allow him but finally she let him go with tears.
( ) C Some years later he sailed to a harbor near his village. When his mother heard
about this news she came to meet him. Malin Kundang pretended not to know her. He
said, “You are not my mother. Go away !” His mother became very sad and before she
went she said, “Oh, Malin Kundang, you are wicked son. You’ll never be safe now. You
and your money will turn to stone.”
( ) D Now people call it Batu Simalin Kundang. We can see the stone from Air Manis, a
village on the coast of West Sumatra near Padang.
( ) E An old woman and her son lived in a little village. Her son was called Malin
Kundang. They were very poor but they loved each other very much.
( ) F Malin Kundang worked hard in a big town and in a short time he became a rich
man. However he completely forgot his poor old mother.
Adapted from active reader 2A
Finishing rearrange the story above , pay attention to the generic structure of the narrative
Title Malin Kundang
Orientation An old woman and her son lived in a little village. Her son was called Malin
Kundang. They were very poor but they loved each other very much.
Complication One day,……..
Resolution Malin Kundang worked hard…

31. 30
D. Independent Construction of text
Activity 17
Now, it is time for you to write your own narrative
 Choose a very well known tale, myth, fable or fairy tale in your town
 Make a raw draft first
 Use the generic structure of Narrative
 Consult your teacher before developing your draft into final one.
 Finishing writing the final draft, perform it in front of the class.
Example:
Your story telling:
Good morning class. This morning. I’ll tell you a story from North Sumatera. Have you ever heard about the
Danau Toba ? . Here is my story. Long ago ……………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Name : ________________________ Student Number: ________________________
No. Aspects of scoring Scoring
Low (45-59) Average (60-75) Good (76-100)
1. Pronunciation
2. Intonation
3. Stress
4. Gestures
Total
Total Score

32. 31
UNIT 4
LETS WRITE A STORY………..
WRITTEN CYCLE
A. Building knowledge of field
A.1. Exploring your experience
Activity 1
Answer the following questions.
1. What kind of a narrative do you enjoy most ?
 folktale  science fiction
 factual story  others
2. How do we know that a text is a narrative ?
A.2.Enjoying a narrative
Activity 2
Read the story below and answer the questions.
CINDERELLA
Once upon a time there was a young girl named Cinderella who lived with, her stepmother and two
stepsisters.
Cinderella’s stepmother and stepsisters were conceited and bad tempered. They treated
Cinderella very badly. Her stepmother made Cinderella do the hardest work in the house, such as
scrubbing the floor and cleaning the pots and pans. She gave Cinderella an old ragged dress to wear.
The two stepsisters, on the other hand, did no work about the house, and their mother gave them many
handsome dresses to wear.
One day the two stepsisters received an invitation to a ball that the king’s son was going to give
at the palace. They were excited about this and spent so much time choosing the dresses they would
wear. At last the day of the ball came, and away went the sisters to it. Cinderella could not help crying
after they had left.
“Why are you crying, Cinderella ?” a voice asked. She looked up and saw her fairy godmother
standing beside her. “Because I want so much to go to the ball,” said Cinderella. “Well,” said her
godmother, “you’ve been such a cheerful, uncomplaining, hardworking girl that. I am going to see that
you do go to the ball”.
Magically, the fairy godmother changed a pumpkin into a fine coach and mice into a coachman
and two footmen. Her godmother tapped Cinderella’s ragged dress with her wand, and it became a
beautiful ball gown. Then she gave her a pair of pretty glass slippers. “Now, Cinderella,” she said, “you
must leave before midnight.” Then, away she drove in her beautiful coach.
Cinderella was having a wonderfully good time. She danced again and again with the king’s son.
Suddenly, the clock began to strike twelve. She ran towards the door as quickly as she could. In her
hurry, one of her glass slippers came off and was left behind.
A few days later the king’s son proclaimed he would marry the girl whose foot fitted the glass
slipper. The king’s page came to Cinderella’s house. Her stepsisters tried on the slipper but it was too
small for them no mather how hard they squeezed their toes into it. The king’s page let Cinderella try on
the slipper. She stuck out her foot, and the page slipped the slipper on. It fitted perfectly.
Finally, she was driven to the palace. The king’s son was overjoyed to see her again. They were
married and lived happily ever after.
Question
1. Do you enjoy reading the story ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. Do you think this is a well-written story ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. Is it sad ending or happy ending story ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. Who are the characters in this story ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. Who is the main character ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. Did the main character find a problem in this story ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
7. Which sentence in the text shows the problem ?
_____________________________________________________________________________

33. 32
8. Was the problem resolved ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
9. Which sentence (s) in the text shows how the problem resolved ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
10. If you were the prince in this story would you marry Cinderella ? Why or why not ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
A.2. Grammar Focus
A.2.1. Using Past Tense
A. General Pattern
No. Name of tense Pattern Time references
1. Past Tense a. Verb pattern
(+) S + V2
(-) S + did not + V1
(?) Did + S + V1 ?
b. Be pattern
(+) S + was/were + Noun/Ajd/Adv
(-) S + was/were not + Noun /adj/adv
(?) Was/were + S + Noun/adj/adv ?
Yesterday
Last…..
……ago
this morning
in…….(past years)
B. Example
a. Verb pattern
(+) Andi went to Solo last night.
(-) Andi didn’t go to Solo last night.
(?) Did Andi go to solo last night?
b. Be pattern
(+) Rina was here yesterday?
(-) Rina wasn’t here yesterday.
(?) Was Rina here yesterday?
C. Function
To show a single event done in the past.
Activity 3
Use the correct verbs forms
Number I has been done for you. Work in pairs.
There once (1) was (is) a prince who wanted to marry a princess, but it (2) _____ (have) to be a
real princerss. So he (3) _____ (go) all over the world looking for a real princess. Everywhere he (4) ____
(meet) young ladies who told him they (5) ____ (are) real princess, but he could never be completely sure
that this was true. There was always something about them that (6) ____ (not see) quite right. And so,
after a long time, the prince (7) ____ (go) back home to his parents and was very sad.
One evening there was a terrible storm. It (8) ____ (rain) heavily and there was thunder and
lighting in the skiy above the royal castle. Then there was a knock at the castle gate. The old King (9)
____ (go out) to see who it (10) ___ (can) be.
A princess was standing out side the gate. The rain (11) ____ (run) down over her hair and
clothes and into her shoes. She (12) ____ (tell) the king that she was a real princess, and he (13) ____
(ask) her to come inside.
Well, said to the old queen, “we”ll soon find out if that is true”. She went into the quest bedroom
and took the mattress and blanket off the bed. Then she put a little green pea on the bed. She put twenty
mattress on top of the pea, and then twenty blankets on top of the mattress. This (14) ___ (is) where the
princess was going to spend the night.
The next morning the queen asked the princess how she had (15) ___ (sleep). Oh, it was terrible
I answered the princess. I (16) ___ (not close) my eyes all night. I don’t know what was in my bed, but I
lay on something hard, and now I am black and blue all over. It was quite trrible night.
Now, the king, the queen and the prince could be sure that this was a real princess. She had (17)
____ (feel) little pea through twenty mattresses and twenty blankts. Only a real princess will be able to do
that.
So the princess (18) ____ (marry) the princess, and the pea was put in a museum for everyone
to see. And, unless someone has (19) ___ (take) it, it is still there today.
Read the story above again and discuss these question !
1. What is the story about ?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Why did the prince go all over the world ?
_______________________________________________________________________________

34. 33
3. Why did the old king go out at the evening ?
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. How did the queen test the princess that she was the real princess ?
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Does the princess a real princess ?
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. What is the meaning of “black and blue” in par. 5 ?
_______________________________________________________________________________
A.2.2. Conjunction
Conjunctions are words which join words or groups of words. There are two principle types of conjunctions:
coordinate and subordinate
1. A coordinate conjunction joins words or groups of words of equal value
They are and, but, or, nor, for etc.
Example : The students must buy bag and uniform for going to school
My aunt likes western music but my mother likes Javanese.
The bowl could be on the cupboard or in the table
We must clean the river from pollutants so water can be drunk
2. A subordinate conjunction join a dependent clause with an independent clause. They are when, while,
where, since, because, if, unless, until, although, as soon as etc.
Exmple: My father doesn’t go to his office because he is ill
The employee keeps working although his body is weak
Activity 4
Fill in the blanks with the suitable conjunctions
1. You can choose basket ______________football as your favourite sport.
2. ____________it doesn’t rain this evening, I will go out.
3. My mother was sleeping in the living room _________I came home last night.
4. My aunt lives by herself at village_____________she feels happy.
5. You must take some exercise ____________you’ll be fatter and fatter
6. I’ll visit my grandma at hospital _________ I finish doing my homework .
Completing Story
Activity 5
Fill in the missing words with the words in the box.
NOLBU AND HYUNGBU
( The Story of Two Brothers )
Once there were two brothers. Although Nolbu, the older one, was rich and greedy, Hyungbu, the
younger brother, was poor and generous.
(1) __________ when Hyungbu’s seven children were starving, he went to his brother to ask for rice to feed
them. (2) __________when Hyungbu’s sister in law saw him, she did not want to give him any rice. (3)
___________she hit him on the cheek with the rice scoop. Hyungbu’s was so hungry that he ate the little bit of
rice on his face. Then he turned the other cheek and told her to hit him again. (4) _________she hit him with a
clean scoop. On his way home, Hyungbu found a swallow whose leg was broken. He took care of it until it was
well, and then he lety it fly away. When spring came, the swallow grought Hyungbu a gourd seed to plant. In the
fall, after he harvested the gourds, Hyungbu opened one of them. Gold coins poured out! (5) _________he
became a rich man. Nolbu was jealous because his younger brother now had a big house with a beautiful garden.
He wanted to know how Hyungbu became so rich. (6) ____________Hyungbu told him exactly what had
happened. On the way home from Hyungbu’s house, Nolbu found a swallow. He broke its leg and then cared for
it. After it got betteer, he let it fly away. The following year, the swallow brought him a gourd seed. Nolbu did just
what Hyungbu had done. But in the autumn, when Nolbu opened his gourd, there was no gold. Instead, dirty
water poured out of it. The water flooded his bouse and farm. (7) __________he was a poor man with no food
and no roof over his head! Nolbu didn’t know what to do. He begged Hyungbu for help, and of course his kind
brother said yes. Then Nolbu understood his own faults. He made up his mind to be a better person. He. His
brother, and their families lived together happily (8)______________________.
a. but e. one day h. then
b. for the rest of their lives f. never i. so
c. however g. suddenly j. this time
d. instead

35. 34
B. Modeling of Text
B.1. Identifying the structure of a narrative
Activity 6
Read the text below. Pay attention to the structure of the text and language feature
Understanding the text structure
In pairs, answer the following overtions/
1. What does the writer want with the story ?
a. to entertain the readers
b. to tell the readers about his/her personal experience
c. to explain about how to do something
2. In which part does the writer identity the main character of the story and the time and place where the story
happened ?
a. orientation
b. complication
c. resolution
3. Who are the characters in this story ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. Who is the main character ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. When did this story happen ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. Where did this story take place ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
7. What do you learn from the complication ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
8. What do you learn from the resolution ?
_____________________________________________________________________________
B.2. Identifying the language features.
Activity 7
In pairs, discuss the questions below.
1. The story tells us about happenings. The happenings are shown in ….
a. Action verbs
b. Saying verbs
c. Thinking verbs
2. Why are the action verbs in past tense ?
____________________________________________________________________________
3. The fellings of the characters, are shown in ….
a. Action verbs
b. Saying verbs
c. Felling verbs
THE LEGEND OF
PRAMBANAN TEMPLE
One day, there was a beautiful girl. Her name was Roro
Jonggrang. Her beauty was so famous around the country. Every
man wanted to marry her. One of them was Bandung
Bondowoso. He was young man with a supranatural power. Roro
Jonggrang a greed to marry him with one condition : he had to
build one thousand temples during one night.
Helped by the devils, Bandung Bondowoso to build the
temple. Passing the midnight, his work was nearly finished. Roro
Jonggrang woke the girls in the village up and ordered them to
grind the. Rice the sound made the roosters crow. The thought
that it had been already down.
Bandung Bondowoso got furstrated because he failed to
complete the temple. Because of his anger. He cursed Roro
Jonggrang to be a statue. This statue completed the number of
temples, that was one thousand temples, like what was requested
by Roro Jonggrang.
Text
Structure
Language
Feature
Orientation
(when, who,
where)
Complication
(A crisis
arises)
Resolution
(The crisis is
resolved)
Action Verb
(in Italie)
Saying verbs
(ex : said, replied,
answered, etc)
Feeling Verb
(in bold)
Time conjunction
and connective
(underlined)

36. 35
B.3.Identifying the structure of the text.
Activity 8
Label the parts of this story with orientation, complication or resolution.
THE LEGEND OF LAKE TOBA
Once, there was a handsome man. His name was Batara Guru Sahala. One
day, he caught a fish. He was surprised to find that the fish could talk. It begged
Sahala to set it free.
As soon as the fish was free, if charged into a woman. She said that he had
to keep the scret that she was once a fish. Sahala promised that he would not tell
anyone about it.
They were married happily and had two daughters, one day, Sahala got very
angry to his daughters of a fish. The children went home and told their mother about
it. Their mother was annoyed, because Sahala broke his promise.
Then the earth began to shake and volcanoes started to erupt. The earth
formed a big hole. People believed that the hole became a lake. Then this lake is
called lake Toba.
C. Joint Construction of Text
Activity 9
Writing an orientation
In pairs, use the following key words/phrase to write on orientation of a narrative.
Remember to use simple past tense.
Look at the example.
No Key Wors / Phrases Orientation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
a long time ago
old man
patient
once
a bad king
kingdom
in the old days
ants
cicada
friends
once upon a time
an old couple
mount Tengger
long ago
a widow
a small village
one day
a farmer and his son
sell their donkey
long ago
a stork and a wolf
the countryside
once upon a time
a tortoise and a hare
a race
once upon a time
a poor family
one son
A long time ago, there was an old man who was
very patient.
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________