Modul b.inggris kls xii ktsp

MODUL BAHASA INGGRIS
KELAS XII KTSP

3
UNIT 1
ONCE UPON A TIME ……
(Spoken Narrative)
A. Building Knowledge of Field
1. Listening
Activity 1.
Listen to your teacher reading this story, then fill in the blank with the words you heard.
Long ago, in the ……..(1), there lived a very beautiful princess, snow white. The Queen was her
………..(2). She was very jealous of her beauty. So she wanted her to die.
Snow White knew about her …….(3) plan. She escaped into a forest. There she made a friend with
seven …….(4).
The Queen turned into a ……..(5). Snow White did not realize it. The witch gave her ……(6) apple.
As a result, Snow White was put into sleep for years.
……….(7), in the end, Prince Charming ……..(8) her with a kiss. They lived together happily ever
after.
(Free adaptation from Grimms’ fairy tale)
The answers
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
4. ____________________
5. ____________________
6. ____________________
7. ____________________
8. ____________________
Activity 2.
Your teacher will read the story once more, then answer these questions.
1. Who is the main character of the story?
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Where did the story happen?
__________________________________________________________________________
3. When did the story happen?
__________________________________________________________________________
4. What problem faced by the main character?
__________________________________________________________________________
5. Can she solved the problem? How?
__________________________________________________________________________
6. How is the ending of the story, sad or happy ending?
__________________________________________________________________________
7. What kind of story is it?
__________________________________________________________________________
Activity 3.
Here are words taken from the answer of the listening section in activity 1. Use them to complete the
sentences.
1. Peter pan is popular children story. It is told the he lives in ……… .
2. When she wants to go somewhere, the …….uses her magic broom to fly to the destination.
3. Cinderella was sad knowing that she didn’t ……….. an invitation to the ball in the palace.
4. Cinderella’s ……….is a cruel and bad tempered. She always ordered Cinderella to do a lot of works.
5. The ……….helped snow white and took care of her in their home in the wood.
Fortunately receive neverland stepmother
Evil witch poisoned dwarfs

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6. The lion was caught in a cage by some hunters. …………., the mice helped him by cutting off the
rope tied the cage.
7. To carry out his ……..mind, the witch uses her black magic to kill the Prince.
8. The King died because he drank a …………..juice from his enemy.
Activity 4.
Since grade X, you have heard and read many kind of stories, right? So to warm up your mind, match the
kind of the story and its main characters.
Answer No. Kinds of stories No. Main Character(s)
______ 1. Fable A. Cinderella
______ 2. Fairy tales B. Malin Kundang
______ 3. Legend C. The grasshopper and the ants
______ 4. Myth D. Zeus and demeter
______ 5. Folktales E. Roro Jonggrang
2. Speaking (Speech Function)
a. Giving suggestion
Activity 5.
In pair, read the following transactional dialogue before the class.
Maya : Hi, Mira. What are you doing?
Mira : Oh, Uhm. I am reading some stories. You know, Mr. Agus Wuryanto asked us to submit the
Story before we tell it to the class.
Maya : Oh ya, I see. By the way. Have you got the right one?
Mira : Actually, I still confuse what kinds of stories I will choose; fable, fairy tales, legend or what…
Maya : I’d like to suggest that you’d better to choose “fable”. It is short, simple and easy to
understand.
Mira : It sounds like a good idea. Ok , I’ll choose “fable”. Indonesian fable “ The Deer and the
Crocodiles”. Thanks for your suggestion.
Maya : you are welcome.
Activity 6.
In pair, answer these questions.
1. Who are they?
___________________________________________________________________
2. What are they talking about?
___________________________________________________________________
3. What was confused by Mira?
___________________________________________________________________
4. Did she get the solution?
___________________________________________________________________
5. Who gave the solution?
___________________________________________________________________
6. What did Maya say to Mira?
___________________________________________________________________
7. Can give more example about the expression of giving suggestion?
___________________________________________________________________
Activity 7.
Learn these expression.
Expression of giving suggestions Responses
I think it is better if….
I suggest you …..
I’d like to suggest that…
It is better for you to…
For sure, it is better to….
I think it’s a good idea
It sounds like a good suggestion
Your suggestion is right.
Thanks for your suggestion
It is clear now. Thank you
Thanks for your suggestion

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Activity 8.
Write transactional/interpersonal dialogue containing expression of giving and responding suggestion based
on the following situation.
1. You and your friend are in an education exhibition. You confuse what university you will apply after
graduating from high school. Your friend gives his/her suggestion.
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
2. You and your family are in a book store. All books displayed are interesting. You confuse. Some of
your family member give you his/her suggestion.
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
3. You are in sport shop. You want to buy new basket ball shoes. There are two brand; Nike and
Adidas. The shop attendant suggest what brand is better in quality and price.
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
b. Complaining
Activity 9.
Observe this picture. Then answer the questions
1. What are these people doing?
________________________________________
2. What are they looking at?
________________________________________
3. Why is the old grandma complaining ?
________________________________________
4. What does the man in the cap response to the old
grandma?
________________________________________
Activity 10.
Learn these expression
Expression of complaint Responses
This situation makes me sick
This is crazy. I can’t stand anymore….
I can’t hold it more time…
It is hot here…..
It is cold here
I am lack of ……
Hang on
Be patient
Hold on. It just need a little time more..
Get some cold drink
Get some jackets
Activity 11.
Complete the dialogue with suitable expression of complaint and its responses.
1. Mira : …………………….. I feel so hot.
Andi : Take a bath then.
The Bus for eight
o’clock is late again.
This is crazy. I have
to complain to the
bus operator
Be patient. It is
better for you to
take a taxi if you
are in a hurry,
grandma!

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2. Bona : My wound is so painful . ……………………..
Desi : hold on. The ambulance will come here soon.
3. Soldier 1 : …………. We are surrounded. The enemies are everywhere. There is no way out.
Soldier 2. : Hang on. The support troops will be dropped soon.
4. Sailor 1 : The sea wave is so hard and high. I got stomached. This situation makes me sick.
Sailor 2 : …………………….
5. Passenger 1 : Our plane is shaking hard. We are in the middle of turbulence . This is crazy.
Passenger 2 : ……………. The airport is just 5 miles more. It means it just need 10 minutes to land.
3. Grammar Function
a. Review on Past Tenses
c. Possibility /impossibility
Activity 6.
Observe this picture.
Activity 7.
Study the expression of possibility and impossibility below.
Expression of possibility Expression of impossibility
There is a chance
There is more chance for…..to ..
There is a good chance for….to…
It is possible for…………
There is no chance
There is less chance for …to..
There is a little chance for….to …
It is impossible for…..
Activity 8.
Make a suitable expression based on the following situation.
Example : X : Budi will have an English test tomorrow. I saw him watching TV along the night.
Y : I think There is a little chance for Budi to pass his test
1. X : My Grandma has lung cancer. She has stopped smoking cigarette for a year.
Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. X : My uncle plans to build a new ranch. He works hard and gets a lot of money.
Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. X : I heard that Sinta loves Darma. But Darma is Reni’s boy friend.
Y : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. X : Our school adventure team is on their way to Everest peak. There is a big storm in the region
Would it be
possible for me
to get fish?
Yeah, sure. My fishing
rod is being eaten by
fish!. I try to pull it
now

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Y : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. X : Budi is over weight. He does physical exercise to lessen his bodyweight everyday.
Y : ………………………………………….…………………………………………………………..
B. Modelling of Text
Activity 12.
Read the following interpersonal dialogue between teacher and students.
The teacher : Good morning students!
The students : Good morning, madam!
The teacher : Today, we will learn about narrative text. Please open your workbook on page 5. Read
The story titled “ The missing John”.
(ten minutes later……)
The teacher : Have you finished?
The students : Yes, We have madam.
The teacher : Ok , let discuss now. This story is about John. Who is he, students, does anybody
know?
The student : He is new kid in town
The teacher :Yes it is said in the story that john is a new kid in town. What does that mean?
The student : It means new comer, madam.
The Teacher : Right, kid means child; so he is a new child, a new comer in the town. OK, everybody
say "new comer… new comer"
The students : New comer
The teacher : Do you know about his personality? What is he like? Is he a cheerful boy, or gloomy
boy?
The student : Gloomy , madam
The teacher : How do you know that?
The student : In the passage, madam. It is written . John slumped in the armchair, his
arms crossed and his face with a gloomy frown.
The teacher : OK, now, what happened to him one day?
The student : He was sitting in his armchair one day, day dreaming, when he suddenly saw a big
hollow in the tree outside his house. This tree looked very scary, with thin roots, and
branches that looked like claws. This tree also has thorns all over it.
The teacher : And then?
The student : John felt as if the tree was calling him, and unconsciously he went out towards the
tree. He had tried to turn away, but he couldn't. After that john was never seen
again, but nobody missed him because he was such a gloomy and unfriendly kid.
The teacher : Now, what do you think of this story? Is it happy-ending or sad-ending story?
The students : Sad-ending story, madam!
Activity 13.
Now, answer these questions.
1. Who are they?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What do they discuss about?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Who is the main character told in the story?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. How is the ending of the story?
___________________________________________________________________________
Activity 14.
Read this story. Don’t forget the understand the generic structure and language features of this Narrative
story.
Title: The Missing John Language Features
Orientation
- who
- where
- when
John slumped in the armchair, his
arms crossed and his face with a
gloomy frown. He was a new kid in
town, but no-one knew he was even
1. Simple past tense
- slumped, crossed, sat
2. Action verbs
- slumped, sat, tried

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there. John didn't like anybody and
they didn't like him. All day he sat in
the armchair, staring out the
window.
3. Linking verbs
- was, seemed, like
4. Connectives of time
- then
Complication
A Crisis arises
Through the window he saw a
gigantic hollow tree in a vacant lot.
The tree seemed to call him. He
stood slowly up, then started to walk
toward the tree. Its branches were
very thin and its roots dug into the
ground like claws. The tree had
thorns all over it. John tried to turn
away from the tree but he couldn't.
A mysterious force was pulling him
into hollow.
Resolution
The crisis is resolved
John never reappeared … but no-
one noticed or cared.
(taken from: Contoh Materi KBK B.Inggris: Penataran Guru SMA, M.Yusack, 2004)
Activity 15. Understanding the text structure.
Answer the following questions
1. What does the writer want with the story?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. In which part does the writer identify the main character of the story?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. In which part does the writer identify the time and place where the story happened?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Who are the characters in this story?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Who is the main character?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. When did the story happen?
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Where did this story take place?
___________________________________________________________________________
8. What do you learn from the complication?
___________________________________________________________________________
9. What do you learn from the resolution?
___________________________________________________________________________
10. What moral do you learn from this story?
___________________________________________________________________________
Activity 16.Undestanding the content of the story
Answer these questions.
1. Who is John?
_______________________________________________________________________
2. What did he usually do everyday?
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Where did he usually sit?
_______________________________________________________________________
4. What did he see trough his window?
_______________________________________________________________________
5. How was the description of the tree?
_______________________________________________________________________
6. How did John disappear?
_______________________________________________________________________
7. Do you believe this story?
_______________________________________________________________________

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Activity 17.
Study the following summary.
C. Joint Construction of Text.
Activity 18.
In group of four students, rearrange the story of “ Malin Kundang “ into good and meaningful paragraph.
( ) A Now people call it Batu Simalin Kundang. We can see the stone from Air
Manis, a village on the coast of West Sumatra near Padang.
( ) B Malin Kundang worked hard in a big town and in a short time he became a
rich man. However he completely forgot his poor old mother
( ) C Some years later he sailed to a harbor near his village. When his mother
heard about this news she came to meet him.
( ) D Some days later his ship left the harbor. The sea was calm but when he
reached the open sea there was a great storm. The ship was drowned. Malin
Kundang and his money changed into a stone.
( ) E An old woman and her son lived in a little village. Her son was called Malin
Kundang. They were very poor but they loved each other very much.
( ) F Malin Kundang pretended not to know her. He said, “You are not my mother.
Go away !”
( ) G His mother became very sad and before she went she said, “Oh, Malin
Kundang, you are wicked son. You’ll never be safe now. You and your money will
turn to stone.”
( ) H One day Malin Kundang told his mother that he would go to town and work
there. At first his mother did not allow him but finally she let him go with tears.
(Pengajaran Narrative teks:Bahan Penataran Bahasa Inggris: 2004)
Activity 19.
Finishing rearrange the story above , Put the story in this chart. pay attention to the generic structure of
the narrative
Title
………………………………….
Orientation …………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Complication …………………………………………………………………………………………
Summary:
The text above is organized in Narrative form. The text organization
includes:
1. Orientation : introducing the characters of the story, the time and
the place the story happened. (Who/What, When and
where)
2. Complication : a series of events in which the main character attempts
to solve the problem.
3. Resolution : the ending of the story containing the problem solution

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…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Resolution …………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………
D. Independent Construction of text
Activity 20.
Now, it is time for you to write your own narrative
 Choose a very well known tale, myth, fable or fairy tale in your town
 Make a raw draft first
 Use the generic structure of Narrative
 Consult your teacher before developing your draft into final one.
 Finishing writing the final draft, perform it in front of the class.
Example:
Long ago, there live an old couple by the sea. The old man was a fisherman and his wife was a
weaver. Once, the old man caught a goldfish which could talk. Promising that it will repay him, the goldfish
egged for its release. Without any condition, the fisherman let it go.
When he reached home, he told his wife about the goldfish. She furious on learning that her
husband had been so silly. She showed him a broken wooden pail and told him to ask the gold fish for a
new one. The sea was calm when the fisherman reached there. When the goldfish learnt of his wife’s
request, it asked him return and promised that a new pail would be given to him.
Sure enough, when he arrived home, his wife was using a new pail. However she was not contented
and wanted a new house. The fisherman hurried back to the sea. Again, the gold fish the goldfish granted
his request and told him to return home. Again the fisherman’s wife was not satisfied. She then wanted to be
a wealthy lady. The fisherman returned to the sea for the third time and again his wife’s wish was granted
.She wore beautiful clothes and expensive jewellery.
The fisherman thought that his wife should be satisfied now that she had become rich. However, he
was mistaken. A few days later, his wife commanded him to ask the goldfish to make her a queen. Moreover,
she wanted the goldfish to serve her as well.
Before the trembling fisherman could speak to the gold fish, it asked him to return home to tell his
wife that greed does not pay.
When the fisherman went home, all the riches had disappeared. He saw his wife sitting outside their
hut, holding the broken wooden pail and looking very unhappy.
(Taken from : English Practice: Primary 6.)
Your story telling:
Good morning class. This morning. I’ll tell you a story from Singapore. Who knows where Singapore
is? ……Yes. Good. Singapore closes to Malaysia. Here is my story. Long ago …………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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(Written Narrative)
A. Building knowledge of the field
Activity 1
Exploring your experience
1. Do you often hear stories?
____________________________________________________________
2. What stories do you know well?
____________________________________________________________
3. Do you retell some to your friend?
____________________________________________________________
4. Why do you retell it?
____________________________________________________________
5. Do you enjoy reading narratives?
____________________________________________________________
Activity 2
Find the meaning of these words in your dictionary. Then try to pronounce them correctly!
1. Lived / / = …………………………
2. Care / / = …………………………
3. Storey / / = …………………………
4. Row / / = …………………………
5. Arguing / / = …………………………
6. Shattered / / = …………………………
7. Hiding / / = …………………………
8. Gave / / = …………………………
9. Laugh / / = …………………………
10. Depressed / / = …………………………
11. Awful / / = …………………………
12. Ignored / / = …………………………
13. Came over / / = …………………………
14. Refused / / = …………………………
15. Strength / / = …………………………
B. Modeling of the Text
Activity 3
Read the text. Then answer the questions!
Title ALISON
Orientation
Alison lived in a small broken down flat with her mother and her
mother’s boyfriend, David. Alison was unhappy because her mother and
David didn’t care for her very much.
Complication
A few years ago everything was normal. Alison lived with her mother
and father in a beautiful two-storey house but her mother and father
started quarreling all the time. Sometimes one row would last for weeks.
They had been arguing non stop for three months now and finally they
both agreed to get a divorce. Alison was shattered as she heard these
words while hiding a chair. She didn’t want to get into any fights with her
parents especially her father who she cared for very much and who gave
her everything.

12
Evaluation
Alison and her mother had been living with David for a year and
Alison was never the same. She wouldn’t play or talk to anyone or even
smile or laugh. Alison was always depressed abut what had happened.
Her mother and David were always yelling at her because she was so
unhappy.
Complication
One awful night as Alison was sitting in a chair listening to the radio
(for they couldn’t afford a TV). David asked Alison why she was
unhappy. Alison ignored David and went on listening to the radio. David
jumped up out of his chair and came over to Alison. He had a furious
look on his face. “Why are you unhappy?” he said. Alison looked like she
was going to cry but she held her tears and refused to answer. David
threw Alison against the wall with all his strength.
Alison was in a coma for two weeks. One day she woke up and found
herself in hospital. There beside her sat her father. She rubbed her eyes,
“Am I dreaming?” she asked. “No you’re not Alison. I’ve come to take
you home with me. “Alison’s face lit up bright and happy. It was the first
time she had smiled since her parents had split up.
Resolution
Alison’s father took her home and they were never separated again.
The next month was her birthday and Alison received a beautiful doll-
house along with several other presents and she was very happy.
1. State the generic structure of the text!
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the purpose of the text above?
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Is the text told only using the simple past? If not what other tenses are used?
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. Can you find gerund in the text? Write it!
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Do you find passive voice in the text? Write it!
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. Write any conjunction you can find in the text!
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. What can you learn from the story above?
_________________________________________________________________________________
8. Who is the main character in that story?
__________________________________________________________________________________
9. How was Alison at the beginning of the story?
_________________________________________________________________________________
10. What happened with her then?
_________________________________________________________________________________
11. What is the end of the story?
_________________________________________________________________________________
12. Are you interested in reading the story above? Why?
_________________________________________________________________________________
13. Why does anyone write narrative stories?
_________________________________________________________________________________
Grammar Focus (Past Tenses Review)
1. Simple Past Tense
Used to describe:
 Completed actions that took place at a definite time in the past.
e.g. I was naughty when I was child
 Permanent situations in the past.
e.g. John lived in Ireland for 15 years

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(He doesn’t live there anymore)
 Past habits or repeated actions in the past.
e.g. When I was in Elementary school, I often played in the yard
The verb used is Verb-2. There are either irregular verbs or regular verbs.
Irregular verbs
 Speak – spoke – spoken
 Write – wrote – written
 Teach – taught – taught
 Etc.
Regular verbs
 Help – helped – helped
 Ask – asked – asked
 Etc.
The pattern is: (+) S + V2 + O
(-) S + Didn’t + V1 + O
(?) Did+ S + V1 + O
OR
(+) S + Was/Were + Adverb/Adjective
(-) S + Was/Were + not + Adverb/Adjective
(?) Was/Were + S + Adverb/Adjective
Example :
(+) My mother went to Jakarta yesterday.
(-) My mother didn’t go to Jakarta yesterday.
(?) Did your mother go to Jakarta yesterday?
OR
(+) Alison was absent two days ago.
(-) Alison wasn’t absent two days ago.
(?) Was Alison absent two days ago?
The time expressions used in Simple Past are: yesterday, …ago, last…, etc.
Activity 4
Fill in the blanks by changing the suitable words into Simple Past Tense!
be wish keep meet find
went march lose give lay
1. Armando …… in the museum when the robbery happened.
2. Although the police had offered security, nobody …… to be the witness.
3. The bird was magical that it …… a golden egg.
4. The boy went into the chimney and …… lots of toys.
5. Now matter how hard the lad tried, the stones …… running down pushing him to the ground.
6. Walking up in the morning, he learnt that he …… all of his power.
7. On the way to the jungle, Dharigra ……a gigantic man.
8. That was really the last time I …… him a chance.
9. If you …… a fortune teller, what would you like to predict?
10. The dwarfs …… home in joy and relief.
2. Past Continuous and past perfect tenses
1. General patterns
1. Past
Continuous
Tense
S+ was/were + V-ing
Be: was,were
While S + was/were + V-ing
As S + was/were + V-ing
When S + V2
To express an activity
that is being done in
past time when another
activity occured
2. Past
Perfect
tense
S + had + V3
Be: had been
Before S + V2
When S + V
After ………. , S + V
To express a sequence
of activities in past time,
an activity had been
done when another
activity/event occured

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2. Examples
1. Past Continuous Tense
(+) Andi was cooking fried chicken last night when I arrived at his house
( -) Andi was not cooking fried chicken last night. When I arrived at his house.
( ?) Was Andi cooking fried chicken last night when I arrived at his house ?
2. Past Perfect Tense
(+) Andi had cooked fried chicken before I arrived last night.
( -) Andi had not cooked fried chicken before I arrived last night.
( ?) Had Andi cooked fried chicken before I arrive last night?
(+) Lusia had been pretty
( -) Lusia hadn’t been pretty
( ?) Had Lusia been pretty?
Activity 13.
Put the verb in the bracket into its correct form.
Example : Andi …….(go) to Solo this morning
Andi went to Solo this morning
1. Diana ……(water) the flowers in the garden when I came home.
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Budiman …….(type) his application before he sent to the office.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Hamidah and I ………(play) marbles in the school yard while Andi and Arso were swimming.
____________________________________________________________________________
4. After I ………..(get) my Diploma degree, I would continue to Master degree.
____________________________________________________________________________
5. When the police arrived at my home, the criminals……………(burn) all my property.
____________________________________________________________________________
6. After Linda ………(not, meet) her parents, She went to the church. They were usually there.
____________________________________________________________________________
7. You ….(sleep) when I called you last night?
____________________________________________________________________________
C. Independent Construction of the Text
Activity 5
 Think about a story your group can discuss and tell
 Read one of the following stories in your group and analyze the content and its elements.
You can take the examples of story below and develop it by your own language.
 Malin Kundang
 Sangkuriang
 Timun Mas
 Pinocchio
 Snow White
 Cinderella
Activity 6
Collaborating the ideas of rewriting a story. Do the following steps before you write your own narrative
writing.
1. In groups, discuss the topic you’re going to develop.
2. Collect ideas and organize the information you need.
3. Try to set the schematic structure of the text that you will write together,
4. Revise the plan of the schematic structure of the text.
5. Ask your friends to give their ideas for constructing the text.
6. Write the text together.
7. Give your friends a copy of the text draft.
8. Evaluate the text that you make.
9. Let your friends make their own works.

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Activity 7
Retelling the story
1. Study the following clues in your group.
2. Arrange and develop the clues into the stories. Example: of (one of them).
3. Ask your friends to retell them in front of your group.
D. Joint Construction of the Text
Activity 8
Rearrange the story of Aladdin into good and meaningful paragraph!
A. One day after his father’s death, he met a magician who passed as his uncle and persuaded Aladdin to
retrieve a wonderful lamp from hidden care. When Aladdin failed to give the lamp to the magician before
emerging from the cave, the magician become enraged and sealed the cave, leaving Aladdin to die.
B. Once upon a time, there was a lazy son of poor Chinese tailor, known as Aladdin.
C. Free of these enemies Aladdin lived a long, happy life and succeeded the sultan to the throne.
D. In his misery, Aladdin wept and wrung his hands, realizing a genie from a ring the magician had given
him. The genie freed Aladdin who soon discovered that the lamp also produced powerful genies when
robbed. They granted Aladdin’s every wish, and he eventually become immensely wealth and married
the daughter of the sultan. The magician returned to steal the lamp, but was defeated as was his evil
brother who also tried to gain the lamp.
Activity 9
Answer the following question!
1. What is the main idea of the text above?
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Mention some supporting ideas of the text!
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the orientation of the text?
________________________________________________________________________________
4. Mention the sentences which reflect the complications!
________________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the resolution of the text?
________________________________________________________________________________
Uji Kognitif 1.
Choose the correct answer by crossing A,B,C,D or E
Text 1.
The Golden Swan
……..
One night, as the poor widow was sleeping restlessly, she heard her husband’s voice. “I have come
back to help you, “ the voice said. The widow sat up and looked around. She knew she was dreaming, and in
her dream she went outside. A large swan spoke to her with the Chief Hunter’s voice. “ I know how hard it is
for you , “ the Swan said in the Chief Hunter ‘s voice. The Widow was happy to hear her husband’s voice,
yet sad because she knew that it was a dream.
The words stuck her throat so she could not speak. The Swan stood in the moonlight and said, “ I
wish I could be here with you.” Then it came closer. She could see that many of its feathers were made of
gold. In the moonlight it seemed to be a golden swan. The golden swan said, “ Put your hand out and take
one of my golden feathers. Use the money for yourself and the children. Go on, I will return whenever You
need more. Pull a feather out of my wing. The Golden Swan said in the voice of the chief hunter, “Go to
sleep now. In the morning you will know this was a special dream.” So the widow put the feather beside her
bed and went back to sleep. She slept so well and so deeply it was as if her husband were still alive. When
she woke up, she remembered the dream and looked for the golden feather. There in its place was money
and gold. The woman was very happy and later she went to the village and bought food and clothing. She
was careful not to spend too much.
01. Rendry : What is the type of the story about “Golden Swan” ?
Meidra : It is …………..
A. a folk tale

16
B. a short story
C. a novel
D. a fairy tale
E. a legend
02. Rinaya : What is the story above about ?
Taniya : It told about…………….
A. a widow and her children who were hungry and need some food
B. a widow and her swan which has some golden eggs
C. a widow and her dreams about getting money
D. a widow and her dream about her husband who became a golden swan
E. a widow and her ex-husband who want to help her by giving his golden swan
03. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A. The widow’s imagination
B. How the widow helped her husband
C. The widow’s hope
D. How the former widow’s husband tried to help his wife
E. How the golden swan tried to fly with it golden feathers
04. Go on, I will return whenever….. . (Pr.2 line 4). What the word “I” refers to……………
A. The chief hunter
B. the swan
C. the dream
D. The widow
E. the feather
05. She was careful not to spend too much. The phrase “not to spend too much” has the synonym with the
word…..
A. Economical
B. Economics
C. Greedy
D. Economize
E. have much money
Text 2.
The Fish that Learned to Walk
Once there was an Indian who had a pet fish named Tommy, which he kept in a barrel. But the fish
got pretty big and the Indian had to change the water a good deal to keep him alive. He was too lazy to do
that, and he thought he would teach the fish to live without water. So he did. He began by taking Tommy
out of the barrel for a few minutes at a time, pretty often, and then he took him out oftener and kept him out
longer, and after a time Tommy got so he could stay out a good while if he was in the wet grass.
Then the Indian found he could leave him in the wet grass all night, and pretty soon that fish could
live in the shade whether the grass was wet or not. By that time he had got pretty tame, too, and he used
to follow the Indian around a good deal, and when a the Indian went out to dig worms for him to eat.
Tommy went along too and got some for himself. The Indian thought everything of that fish, and when
Tommy got so he didn’t need any water at all, but could go anywhere—down the dusty road and stay
all day out in the hot sun—you never saw the Indian without his fish. Some people wanted to buy Tommy,
but the Indian said he wouldn’t sell a fish like that for any money. You’d see him coming to town with
Tommy following along the road behind, just like a dog, only of course he traveled a good deal like a
snake, and almost as fast.
Well, it was pretty sad that the way that Indian lost his fish, and it was unusual too. He started for
town one day with Tommy coming along behind as usual. There was a bridge in the road and the Indian
came to it where he saw there was a hole in it, but he went on over it without thinking. A little later he
looked round for Tommy and Tommy wasn’t there. He went back a way and called, but he couldn’t see
anything of his pet. Then he came to the bridge and saw the hole, and he thought right away that maybe
his fish had got in there. So, he went to the hole and looked down, and sure enough, there was Tommy,
floating on the water, bottom-side up. He’d fallen through that hole into the river and drowned.
06. Melissa : Who is Tommy ?
Freddy : I think Tommy is…….
A. The Indian’s name
B. The Indian’s fish
C. The Indian’s friend

17
D. The Indian’s barrel
E. all are correct
07. Pinkan : What is the main idea of the second paragraph ?
Lindri : It talks about……………..
A. How the Indian trained the fish to live out of water.
B. How the Indian trained the fish to walk out of water
C. How the Indian trained the fish to dig for worm
D. How the Indian trained the fish be tamed so he can sell it
E. The fish can run like snake
08. ……, and the Indian came to it where he saw……(Pr.3 line 3) . The word “it” refers to…
A. the Indian
B. the grass
C. great deal
D. the pet fish
E. the bridge
09. The following information are false, except……………
A. Tommy is the Indian’s friend
B. Tommy can walk like a human by using legs
C. The Indian will sell the fish if someone wants to buy it in highly price
D. Tommy died caused of hot sun
E. Tommy fell down to the river through a hole on the bridge
10. Devina : What is the cause of the Tommy’s death?
Lelina : He died because he……….
A. drowned in the hole
B. drowned in the water
C. fallen in the hot road
D. fallen down to the hole
E. following the Indian
11. ………..only of course he traveled a good deal like a snake (prg 2). The word “he” refers to….
A. The Indian
B. Tommy
C. Snake
D. Dog
E. Some people
12. Aminah : I got headache.
Andika : I think it is better if you visit a doctor.
From the dialogue above we know that the second speaker is …
A. giving apology
B. giving explanation
C. giving suggestion
D. asking suggestion
E. asking apology
13. Budiman : Who is in charge here.
The officer : It is me, Sir. What can I do for you?
Budiman : My room is so dirty. I can’t use it.
The officer : We are sorry sir, I’ll send the janitor soon.
From the dialogue we can conclude that Mr. Budiman is telling his…
A. complaint
B. apology
C. regret
D. agreement
E. refusal

18
14. Sarju : We have to arrive at Bandung at 5 o’clock. Is there any chance for us to get there on
time.
Melia : it’s four o’clock now. It need 45 minutes to get there. So I think there is …………to get
there on time.
A. a little chance’
B. no chance
C. less chance
D. any chance
E. a more chance
15. Melia : Budi, I can’t use my computer. It is broken. Can you fix it
Budi : ………………. I am majoring in computer science .
A. I don’t think so
B. I have no capability
C. I am capable
D. I doesn’t have any capability
E. I am incapable
16. Melia : I ………to school before you were born
Edy : you must be strong and healthy, then.
A. rides my bike
B. rode my bike
C. ride my bike
D. has ridden my bike
E. had ridden my bike
17. Budi : …….Andi ………milk yesterday?
Nia : Yes, He did
A. do, drink
B. does, drink
C. do, drinks
D. does, drinks
E. did, drink
18. Budi : Your bag is here.
Ami :What did she say to me?
Lia : She said to you …..
A. my bag is here’
B. my bag was here
C. your bag is there
D. your bag was there
E. your bag was here
19. Budi : Where did Andi go?
Linda : What did he say?
Ami : He asked ….
A. where did Andi go
B. where Andi did go
C. where Andi had gone
D. where Andi was gone
E. where Andi goes
20. Budi : Don’t drink my coffee
Sari : What did he say?
Arina : He order you…
A. don’t drink my coffee
B. not to drink your coffee
C. not to drink my coffee
D. not to drink his coffee
E. not to drink her coffee

19
UNIT 2
WHAT CAUSES WEATHER?
A. SPOKEN EXPLANATION
1. Building Knowledge of Field
Task 1.
Answer the following questions!
1. What do you know about weather?
___________________________
2. What is the weather like outside?
___________________________
3. How many seasons are there in our country?
What are they? How long does each season
last?
___________________________
4. How many seasons are there in Europe? What
are they? How long does each season last?
___________________________
5. Tell me the process how rain is formed?
___________________________
Task 2.
Complete the missing words by listening to your teacher reading the whole text!
WHAT CAUSES WEATHER?
Weather is the (1) _______________ condition of the atmosphere at a (2) _______________ time. It
includes temperature, air (3) _______________ and water content.
Weather is produced when air (4) _______________ from place to place. This moving air is (5)
_______________ as wind. Winds are caused by (6) _______________ air rising and cooler moving in to
(7) _______________ it. Warm air is usually (8) _______________ than cool air; therefore, it (9)
_______________ low air pressure. Cool air is (10) _______________ and creates high (11)
_______________ pressure.
Usually we have (12) _______________ weather when the air pressure is high and ( 13) _______________
, rain or (14) _______________ when the air pressure (15) _______________ .
Task 3.
Use the word you’ve got to complete the sentences!
1. It is stuffy in this room. Let’s go out to have some fresh __________ .
2. There was too much rain water in the last wet season. The __________ of the water caused the
dam to burst.
3. It is a __________ impossibility to be in two places at once.
4. There are several reasonable priced dresses here. Is there any __________ colour you would
prefer?
5. The government always __________ more job opportunities for young people to overcome
unemployment.
6. While dancing, Paramita __________ her body very gracefully.
7. Everyone knows that iron is __________ than wood.
8. The manager bought new machines to __________ the old ones.
9. The man has lost a lot of weight because of his illness. He is ten kilos __________ than he used to.
10. Julia Robert is a well- __________ actress in America.
11. Her voice usually __________ to a whisper when she tells a secret to someone else.
12. Put your __________ clothes before you go out to play in the snow.
13. Do you know how __________ Mt. Everest is?
14. I had a traffic jam four hours yesterday; but mother was feeling __________ when I got home.
15. We often have a heavy fall of __________ in winter.
Gambar hujan turun

20
Task 4.
Match the phenomena with the explanation.
A Eclipse 1.
It occurs when water is contaminated by such substances as human and
other animal wastes, toxic (poisonous) Chemical, metals, and oils.
B Earthquake 2.
It occurs when wastes dirty the air. People produce most of the wastes
that cause air pollution.
C Flood
3. It is a shaking of a ground cause by the sudden breaking and shifting of
large sections of the earth’s rocky outer shell.
D Air Pollution 4. It is a body of water that covers normally dry land.
E Water Pollution 5.
It occurs when the shadow of one object in space falls on another object
or when one object moves in front of another to block its light.
2. Speech Function
2.1. Giving order
Task 5.
Read These conversations and answer the question!
a. Situations : Mr. Thomson and his secretary are talking at his office.
Mr. Thomson : I’d like to have a meeting in our new office tomorrow. I’ll be there for some days.
Secretary : What shall I do, Sir?
Mr. Thomson : Send a message that I’ll arrive at about nine.
Secretary : At your service, Sir. How about Mr. Alex, will he come with you?
Mr. Thomson : Well, I suggest him to join since I need someone to accompany me.
Secretary : That’s good suggestion, Sir.
Mr. Thomson : Katty, don’t forget to make notes about all, call for me and everything that has
happened during I am away.
Secretary : I’ll remember it, Sir.
Mr. Thomson : Good.
1. Where does the conversation take place?
_____________________________________________________
2. Who gives orders to someone else?
_____________________________________________________
3. Where will Mr. Thomson go?
_____________________________________________________
4. What time will Mr. Thomson arrive at the new office?
_____________________________________________________
5. Who is going to accompany Mr. Thomson?
_____________________________________________________
6. What is the name of the secretary?
_____________________________________________________
b. Situation : In the classroom, Mr. Smith an English teacher is telling his students about the result of
the test.
Teacher : Hi, class. I want to tell you about the result of the test.
Student : Yes, Sir.
Teacher : In general, the result is good. But I want Andrew and Daniel come to me.
Andrew and
Daniel : Yes, Sir.
Teacher : I found the mistake in your tests are exactly the same. I assumed both of you
cheated from one another. Did you do it Daniel?
Daniel : No, that not true.
Teacher : So, who cheated then?
Daniel : You’d better ask Andrew, Sir?
Teacher : Andrew?
Andrew : Sorry, Sir. I did it because I didn’t prepare for the test.
Teacher : That’s good, you admitted that. Don’t do it again next time.
Andrew : OK, Sir.

21
1. What does Mr. Smith want to do in the classroom?
________________________________________________________
2. Why does Mr. Smith want to see Andrew and Daniel?
________________________________________________________
3. Who cheated in the test?
_________________________________________________________
4. Why did he do it?
_________________________________________________________
5. What does the teacher suggest him?
_________________________________________________________
3. Grammar Focus
A. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Task 6
Learn this explanation
a. General pattern.
Pattern Time Signal
Verb pattern :
(+) S + V1 / S + V1 + s/es
(-) S + do/does + not + V1
(?) Do/does + S + V1
To be pattern
(+) S + is/am/are + adj./adv./noun
(-) S + is/am/are + not+adj./adv./noun
(?) Is/Am/Are S adj./adv./noun
- everyday
- every hour
- every month
- every year
- every Sunday, etc.
_________________
Frequency words
_________________
- always, often
- usually, generally
- sometimes
- rarely, seldom
- never
B. Function
I. Expressing habitual action or customs
1. I go to school on foot
2. Mother cooks the meal every morning
3. Hermawan is always present at school
4. I am Seldom ill
II. Expressing general truth
1. The sun rises in the East and sets in the West
2. A cow eats grass
3. Ice melts in water
C. Special Note
I He
You + V I She + V I + s/es
We It
they
I + am He
You She + is
We + are It
they

22
D. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms
1. They ___________( tell ) me when they ____________( get ) home every afternoon. They
___________ ( have ) some food and then ___________ ( change ) their clothes, they never
____________ ( eat ) or ____________ ( drink ) anything while they ____________ ( be ) at the
office, unless the hot weather ____________ ( make ) them thirsty.
2. The boy ____________ ( say ) that he always ____________ ( listen ) carefully, but ____________ (
do not ) always understand his teacher because they ____________ ( speak ) too quickly and
____________ ( choose ) very difficult words.
3. The children ____________ ( walk ) to school every morning and ____________ ( look ) for their
friends on the way, when they ____________ ( see ) them, they ____________ ( run ) to them and
____________ ( laugh ) and ____________ ( play ) and ____________ ( enjoy ) themselves until
the school bell ____________ ( ring )
4. The man ____________ ( go ) to work by train everyday. He ____________ ( stay ) in the train for
half an hour and ____________ ( sit ) or ____________ ( stand ) there and ____________ ( read )
his newspaper. He ____________ ( try ) to read all the news during the journey and in that way, he
____________ ( know ) a lot about the topics of the day.
5. Peter always ____________ ( come ) to school early. He ____________ ( be ) very diligent, so he
____________ ( be ) clever, but he ____________ ( not be ) selfish. His friends ____________ ( like
) him because he ____________ ( be ) helpful, as well.
B. NOUN PHRASE
Task 7
The phrase is called noun phrase. In Indonesia “ noun Phrase “ is “ sekelompok kata yang mempunyai
satu unit pengertian dan secara keseluruhan berfungsi sebagai kata benda. “ here is the order pattern.
Determiner
DescriptiveAdjective
Size
Age/Temperature
Participle
Shape
Colour
Origin/Location
Material
HeadWord
Articles
Possesives
Demonstratives
Ordinal
CardinalEnumerator
a/an
the
my
your
her
his
our
their
this
that
first
second
third
only
some
two
three
another
several
a lot of
happy
fine
beautiful
pretty
ugly
handsome
clever
etc
big
small
little
short
tall
wide
narrow
etc
old
young
new
cold
hot
warm
modern
etc
boring
bored
frying
fried
etc
round
square
oblong
etc
red
yellow
green
blue
brown
etc
African
English
French
Chinese
Greek
Indian
etc
iron
stone
paper
brick
wood
gold
etc
car
book
painting
dress
etc
Answer the following questions. Put the adjectives in the correct order !
1. A : He bought a book. The book is red. It is interesting. It is small. What did he buy ?
B : He bought a small interesting red book
2. A : she has three children. They are tall. They are fat. Which children are hers ?
B : ____________________________________ are hers.
3. A : Sutomo has a house. It is made of wood. It is beautiful. It is new. What does Sutomo have ?
B : ________________________________________________
4. A : Siti is carrying an umbrella. It is beautiful. It is red. It is made of cloth. What is Siti carrying ?
B : ________________________________________________
5. A : My parents bought a car. It is an apple green. It is new. It is small. What did my parents buy ?
B : ________________________________________________
6. A : Mr. and Mrs. Kandow have two sons. They are naughty. They are short. What do Mr. and Mrs.
Kandow have ?

23
B : ________________________________________________
7. A : He can’t drive the car. It is old. It is broken. It is grey. What can’t he drive ?
B : ________________________________________________
8. A : The child is playing with a doll. It is made of rubber. It is small it is nice. What is the child
playing with ?
B : ________________________________________________
9. A : He wrote many novels. They are new. They are interesting. What did he write ?
B : ________________________________________________
10. A : The girl won the beauty contest. She is beautiful. She is tall. Who won the beauty contest ?
B : ________________________________________________
11. A : Tommy is playing with a ball. It is red. It is round. It is big. What is Tommy playing with ?
B : ________________________________________________
12. A : The girl comes from Australia. She is pretty. She is young. She is slim. Which girl comes from
Australia ?
B : ________________________________________________
13. A :The man is a writer. He is productive. He is young. What is the man ?
B : ________________________________________________
14. A : Martin is a film star. He is handsome. He is tall. He is will-built( = tegap ).
B : ________________________________________________
15. A :He threw away the shoes. They are worn-out ( = rusak ). They are old. They are brown. What
did he throw away ?
B : ________________________________________________
C. Nouns and Abstract Nouns
Task 8
We found some nouns such as desert, tree, earth and spring. Those are called proper nouns,
means that we can see the shape and the form of the nouns.
Besides, we also found word such as environment, vegetation, temperature and dehydration. Those
are called abstract nouns, means those words belong to nouns but they are unreal. It is a kind of concept
that out of our sense to detect. Here is the pattern to arrange abstract noun.
No. Figure of Speech Suffixes Final Formation
1. Verbs
Act
Elect
Direct
- ion
Action
Election
Direction
2. Verbs
Advertise
Pay
Argue
- ment
Advertisement
Payment
Argument
3. Adjectives
Complex
Curious
- ity
Complexity
Curiosity
4. Adjectives
Tender
Ugly
- ness
Tenderness
Ugliness
5. Nouns
Owner
Member
- ship
Ownership
Membership
6. Nouns
Mother
Child
- hood
Motherhood
Childhood
7. Nouns / adjectives
King
Free
- dom
Kingdom
freedom

24
Change the words into abstract nouns by using the appreciated suffixes !
No. Root Words Abstract Nouns No. Root Words Abstract Nouns
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Collect
Happy
Employ
Friend
Baby
Sensitive
Educate
Partner
Wise
clear
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Object
Relation
Woman
Active
Punish
Dark
Intent
Kind
Priest
entertain
Task 9
Complete the sentences by using the abstract nouns you made in task 8.
Example : The man is a priest. When did he enter the ____________
The man is a priest. When did he enter the priesthood
1. The ____________ for the criminal was ten years in prison.
2. The boy entered a vocational school to get his secondary ____________.
3. I am filled with wonder at the ____________ of giving a child so much money.
4. When she turned off the light, the room was suddenly got into complete ____________.
5. The paintings which are being shown in the exhibition come from his private ____________.
6. I am not a baby any more, but I can’t remember my ____________.
7. Playing tennis in the afternoon is his sport ____________ after doing his work.
8. I am sorry for telling the bad news, but it is not my ____________ to make you sad.
9. Iwan is a good friend. I can never repay his ____________ to me.
10. Father had no ____________ when I said to him that I’d like to get a job after finishing my study.
B. Modeling of Text
Task 10
Observe the explanation text !
Title How Desert Remains Dry
General Statement These are three possible reason why desert remain dry. These are high
mountain barrier, cold ocean current and high pressure system.
Sequenced Explanation Mountain Barrier
When warm air passes over the ocean it pick up moisture in the form of
water vapor and this moist air travels over mountain ranges. When begins
to rise, the air cool and this causes the water vapor to condense into
droplets which falls as rain. When the air reaches the other side of the
mountain barrier, it has lost all moisture and so the other side of the
mountain remains dry.
Sequenced Explanation Cold Ocean Current
Air passing over old ocean current is cooled and therefore is unable to pick
up and hold much moisture. When this cold air mass reaches the warm
desert, any moisture in the air is evaporated and so does not fall as rain
and so the desert remains dry.
Sequenced Explanation High Pressure System
In a high pressure system, the air is dry and moving downwards. As this
system moves over the land, it draws in moisture from the land surface.
Consequently, the moisture does not fall as rain and so the desert remains
dry.
Task 11
Understanding the structure of the text. Answer the question !
1. What is the genre of the text ?
________________________________________________
2. What is the purpose of the text ?
________________________________________________

25
3. What is the generic structure / the organization of the text ?
________________________________________________
4. What kind of tense is mainly used in the text ?
________________________________________________
5. Why the tense used in the text ?
________________________________________________
Task 12
Understanding the content of the text. Answer the question !
1. What does the text tell about ?
________________________________________________
2. How many factors make the desert remain dry ? what are they ?
________________________________________________
3. …………… it pick up moisture in the form of water vapor. ( par 2 ) what does the word “ it “ refer to ?
________________________________________________
4. What causes the water vapor to condense into droplets ?
________________________________________________
5. Why does the other side of the mountain remain dry ?
________________________________________________
6. What happens when the old air mass reaches the warm desert ?
________________________________________________
7. What draws in the moisture from the land surface ?
________________________________________________
8. What happens then ?
________________________________________________
Task 13
Observe the summary about explanation text !
Explanation Text
A. Definition
Explanation text tells how and why things occur in scientific and technical fields
B. Social Function
To explain the process involved in the information or working of natural or socio cultural
phenomena
C. Text Organization
 A general statement to position the reader
 A sequences explanation of why or how something occurs
 Closing
D. Language Features
 Focus on generic, non-human participants
 Use mainly :
a. General and abstract nouns
b. Action verbs
c. Simple present tense
d. Passive voice
e. Conjunction of time and cause
f. Noun phrase
g. Adverbial phrase
h. Technical language
Task 14
Observe The diagram
Gambar
awan Gambar
hujan
Gambar
sungai
Gambar
laut
Gambar
matahari

26
Based on the diagram, tell your friends about “ how the rain is formed “
Example :
Good morning, dear friends, today I would like to tell you about “ how the rain is formed “. In the rainy
season, we often get wet of rain, don’t we ? Now I’ll tell you why it happens.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Task 15
Fill in the blank with the generic structure / the organization of the text !
How a Spider’s Web Forms
A spider web looks delicate but it is very strong. It
can hold 4000 times a spider’s weight. But how does it
form ?
First the spider spin a thread of silk. The thread
get blown over to a branch by the wind. Then she
makes another two threads and makes a Y shape. Next
she makes more threads and they look like spokes off
wheel. Then spider goes in a spiral, out and back in,
sits in the middle and waits for food
This is how a web is formed.
Task 16
Answer the following questions based on the text !
1. It can hold 4000 times a spider’s weight. ( par 1)
What does the word “ it “ refer to ?
________________________________________________
2. A spider web looks delicate ….
“ delicate “ has similar meaning to
________________________________________________
3. What does the spider firstly do when it makes its web ?
________________________________________________
4. What does she do next ?
________________________________________________
5. Where does she sit when its web is completely made ?
________________________________________________
Task 17
Read the text carefully !
AMERICAN TABLE MANNERS
Here are a few helpful hints about American table manners.
Always place your napkin on your lap. Never put your napkin on the table during the meal. Do not
begin to eat until everyone is served. Do not eat with your elbows on the table. It is very impolite to bend
over your plate as you eat. Never “ slurp “ your soup. Americans are shocked by “ noise “.
Dinner conversation is important in US. You should take a part in the conversation, but not when your
mouth is full. Do not wave your knife an fork in the air. Please remember that Americans do not use
toothpicks at the table.
Unfortunately not all Americans have good table manners.
With good manners, you will always culturally correct.

27
Task 18
State whether the statements are true or false. No. 1 has been done for you.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Table manners are hints about proper behavior while
eating at a table with other
Placing your napkin on your lap is not necessary
It is suggested to begin to eat together with others
Don’t bend your plate as you eat
Slurp your soup as fast as possible
It is important to take a part in the conversation during
this dinner
It is impolite to wave your knife and fork in the air as you
talk
There are toothpicks at the table
True
B. WRITTEN EXPLANATION
Task 1
Observe the text carefully !
How does an Oil Refinery Work ?
Before crude oil can be used it has to be processed in a refinery and converted into many different products.
Oil is first distilled, which breaks it down into gas, petrol, paraffin, lubricating oil, diesel and other fuel oil
asphalt. This is done by heating the crude oil, which is then pumped to the bottom of a tall steel tube which is
called a fractionating tower. This tower is divided into compartments all the way up and the very hot
petroleum enters the bottom of the tower as a vapour. Crude oil is made up of a number of different
ingredients and each of these boils and vaporises at a different temperature. The vapour at the bottom of the
tower are the hottest and those at the higher levels are cooler. At the bottom of each compartment in the
tower are trays and the different vapours condense, or turn into liquid, on the trays at different levels.
Petrol collect in the top trays, paraffin condenses a little lower down and the other oils becomes liquids at
even lower levels. In this ways, the crude oil is separated into the various fractions, which are drawn off
ready for further refining.
Task 2
Write down the passive forms you take from the text !
1. ________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________
6. ________________________________________________
7. ________________________________________________
8. ________________________________________________
9. ________________________________________________
10. ________________________________________________

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Grammar Focus
Task 3
Expressing Passive Voice
Observe the Pattern below !
ACTIVE PASSIVE
1. a. Simple Present Tense
1. Mother cooks the meals
2. They drink coffee
b. Simple Past Tense
1. Sinta bought Apples
2. I wrote a letter
2. a. Present Continuous Tense
1. He is reading a book
2. Ani is frying eggs
b. Past Continuous Tense
1. Ali was repairing the car
2. I was doing the test
3. a. Present perfect Tense
1. He has posted the letters
2. Father has drunk tea
b. Past Perfect Tense
1. We had paid the fee
2. Ria had made a cake
4. a. Present Future Tense
1. He will buy a house
2. John will visit them
a. Past Future Tense
1. I would meet her
2. Anna would send the book
1. a. Simple Present Tense
1. The meals is cooked by mother
2. Coffee is drunk by them
b. Simple Past Tense
1. Apples were bought by Sinta
2. A letter was written by me
2. a. Present Continuous Tense
1. A book is being read by him
2. Eggs are being fried by Ani
b. Past Continuous Tense
1. The car was being repaired by Ali
2. The test was being done by me
3. a. Present perfect Tense
1. The letters have been posted by
him
2. Tea has been drunk by father
b. Past Perfect Tense
1. The fee had been paid by us
2. cake had been made by Ria
4. a. Present Future Tense
1. A house will be bought by him
2. They will be visited by John
b. Past Future Tense
1. She would be met by me
2. The book would be sent by Anna
S + V1 / S + V1+s/es
S + V2
S + is/am/are + V3
S + was/were + V3
S + is/am/are + V-ing
S + was/were + V-ing
S + is/am/are + being + V3
S + was/were + being + V3
S + have/has + V3 S + have/has + been + V3
S + will + V1
S + had +V3
S + will + be + V3
S + had +been + V3
S + would + V1 S + would + be + V3

29
5. Modals 5. modals
Notes :
1. Object or Active voice becomes Subject of Passive voice
Verb – active becomes Verb – passive ( see the tables )
Subject of Active voice becomes Agent ( pelengkap pelaku )
2. Unimportant agents can be omitted
Example :
1. He repaired the bicycle
- The bicycle was repaired
2. People must build a new bridge
- A new bridge must be built
3. “ shall “ which means “ akan “ is only used for the subjects : I / We.
Task 4
Turn into the passive voice !
1. The student are doing the exercise in the class room now
________________________________________________
2. Someone has stolen the books from the library
________________________________________________
3. People built the strong bridge five years ago
______________________________________________
4. Olivia was studying English at 7 yesterday morning
________________________________________________
5. Father reads the newspapers everyday
________________________________________________
6. They finished the work on time last Monday
________________________________________________
7. The girl has opened the windows this morning
________________________________________________
8. The boy pays the school fee every month
________________________________________________
9. The children visited the zoo last week
________________________________________________
10. Someone may call a taxi for you
________________________________________________
11. The servant is washing the clothes in the bath room
________________________________________________
12. The man will build a new house here next month
________________________________________________
13. People wear warm clothes in winter
________________________________________________
14. We can make a delicious meal in a few minutes
________________________________________________
S + modal + V1
shall
will
may
must
should
would
might
had to
can
could
S + modal + be + V3
Shall / will
will
may
must
should
would
might
had to
can
could

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15. Mother bought some apples in the market yesterday
________________________________________________
Task 5
Choose the right answer by crossing a,b,c,d,or e !
1. Adi : Why does the baby next door keep crying ?
Susy : As usual, it ____________ by the baby sister.
a. is neglecting d. is to be neglected
b. is neglected e. was neglected
c. neglects
2. Indra : Mr. Anwar looks very happy today
Wawan : Don’t you know he ____________ to general manager
a. has promoted d. have been promoted
b. promoted e. has been promoted
c. to be promoted
3. Ira : May I borrow your laptop ?
Tita : Certainly, but what’s wrong with yours ?
Ira : It ____________ now
a. is being repaired d. has been repaired
b. is repaired e. repaired
c. will repaired
4. Yuyun : What happened to your skirt ?
Vina : Oh, ____________ when I jumped over the fence.
a. it tore d. to be torn
b. it was torn e. it tears
c. it will tear
5. Harris : How old is the mosque ?
The man : Well, it ____________ in 1870
a. builds d. is built
b. built e. was built
c. has been built
6. Customer : I want the red dress displayed in the window yesterday
Salesgirl : I am sorry, it ____________
a. is selling d. is sold
b. sold e. have been sold
c. has been sold
7. Because of the heavy rain, the city ____________ for several days last month
a. flooded d. was flooded
b. will be flooded e. is flooding
c. must be flooded
8. Andi : You’re not driving your car
Iwan : No, ____________
a. it was repaired d. it is being repaired
b. it have been repaired e. it repairs
c. it repaired
9. People eat rice in Indonesia
We can also say : Rice ____________ in Indonesia
a. is eaten d. has eaten
b. was eaten e. will be eaten
c. is being eaten
10. Don’t drink the water, it is poisonous.
It means the water cannot be ____________
a. drink d. drinking
b. drank e. drunk
c. drinks
Task 6
Put the verbs in the brackets into the Present Tense. No. 1 has been done for you.
TSUNAMI

31
Tsunamis (1) occur ( occur ) when a major fault under the ocean floor suddenly (2) ____________ (
slip ). The displaced rock (3) ____________ ( push ) water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful
water waves at the ocean surface.
The ocean waves (4) ____________ ( spread ) out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and
move across the ocean until they (5) ____________ ( reach ) the coastline, where their height (6)
____________ ( increase ) as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth’s crust that slopes, or
rises from the ocean floor up to the land.
Tsunamis (7) ____________ ( wash ) ashore with often disastrous effects such as severe flooding,
loss of lives due to drowning and damage to property.
A tsunami (8) ____________ ( be ) a very large sea wave that (9) ____________ ( be ) generated
by a disturbance along the ocean floor. This disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide or a volcanic
eruption
A tsunami (10) ____________ ( be ) undetectable far out in the ocean, but once it (11)
____________ ( reach ) shallow water, this fast-traveling wave grows very large.
Task 7
Turn the sentences below into the negative ant the interrogative forms
1. The student go to school on foot
(-)________________________________________________
(?)________________________________________________
2. The woman cooks the meals in the kitchen
(-)________________________________________________
(?)________________________________________________
3. They are very happy now
(-)________________________________________________
(?)________________________________________________
4. The teacher explains the lesson clearly
(-)________________________________________________
(?)________________________________________________
5. Rini is at home every evening
(-)________________________________________________
(?)________________________________________________
6. The dog barks loudly at night
(-)________________________________________________
(?)________________________________________________
7. People make baskets of rattan in Kalimantan
(-)________________________________________________
(?)________________________________________________
8. He knows how to finish the work
(-)________________________________________________
(?)________________________________________________
9. The boys plays football in the field
(-)________________________________________________
(?)________________________________________________
10. The man sells mangoes in the market everyday
(-)________________________________________________
(?)________________________________________________
Speech Functions
Expressing promise
Task 8
Read these conversations and answer the questions
a. Situation : This morning when Ani entered the living room she found her favorite vase broken. She
asked Nancy and Gery about it.
Ani : Wow, my favotite vase has broken. Who has done it Nancy ?
Nancy : Are you accusing me ?
Ani : No, I’m just asking you
Nancy : How about asking Gery ?

32
Ani : Gery, did you break my vase ?
Gery : Yes, but I did it accidentally. Sorry, it’s my fault. But don’t worry, I’ll buy a new one for
you
Ani : Alright, but I want the similar one
Gery : O.K. I promise
1. Whose vase has broken ?
________________________________________________
2. Did Nancy break the vase ?
________________________________________________
3. Who broke the vase ?
________________________________________________
4. Did he do it on purpose ?
________________________________________________
5. What did he promise to Ani ?
________________________________________________
b. Situation : Nina’s computer is out of order. She wonders who has done it
Nina : My computer is out of order it doesn’t work who has done it ?
Popy : I have no idea
Nina : But you often play with it
Popy : I just play with it not break it
Nina : Right, but you are the only one who could have done it
1. How many persons are there in the dialogue ?
________________________________________________
2. Why does Nina’s computer not work ?
________________________________________________
3. Who often plays with the computer ?
________________________________________________
4. Is it possible that she made it out of order ?
________________________________________________
5. Did she confess to make it out of order ?
________________________________________________
Task 9a
Rearrange these paragraphs into the right order of explanation text !
Nuclear Energy
1. These activities require extremely sophisticated an interactive industrial processes and many
specialized
2. The fission process releases heat, which it uses to produce steam to drive a turbine to generate
electricity
3. The production of a reliable supply of electricity from nuclear fission requires mining, milling and
transporting uranium, enriching uranium ( increasing the percentage of the uranium isotope U-235 )
and packing it in appropriate form building and maintaining the reactor and associated generating
equipment and treating and disposing of spent fuel
4. The operation of a nuclear reactor and the related electricity-generating equipment is only one part of
an inter connected set activities
5. Nuclear energy is generated by the splitting, or fission of atoms of uranium or heavier elements
Task 9b
Answer the following questions !
1. Mention the organization / the generic structure of the text ?
________________________________________________
2. What is the purpose of the text ?
________________________________________________
3. What tense is mostly used in the text ?
________________________________________________

33
4. Find the passive constructions in the text !
________________________________________________
5. How do people generate nuclear energy ?
________________________________________________
6. What does the fission process release ?
________________________________________________
7. What is used to produce steam to drive a turbine to generate electricity ?
________________________________________________
UJI KOGNITIF 2
Cross a, b, c, d, or e for the right answer.
Text 1
Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate for? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world
for chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating.
Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in
place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of small
pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cacao beans.
The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate
maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavor. Different beans from
different place have different qualities and flavor, so the are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive
mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao beans bean from
its shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called
chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different.
However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.
1. The text is about ….
a. the cacao tree
b. the cacao beans
c. the raw chocolate
d. the making of chocolate
e. the flavor of chocolate
2. The third paragraph focuses on ….
a. the process of producing chocolate
b. how to produce the cacao flavor
c. where chocolate comes from
d. the chocolate liquor
e. the cacao fruit
3. “ …., so the are often sorted and blended to produce ….” ( Paragraph 3 )
The underline word is close in meaning to ….
a. arranged
b. combined
c. separated
d. distributed
e. organized
4. How does the chocolate maker start to make chocolate?
a. By fermenting the beans.
b. By roasting the beans.
c. By blending the beans.
d. By sorting the beans.
e. By drying the beans.
Text 2
Wood chipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper product from the forest. The wood
chipping process begins when the trees are cut down is in selected area of the forest called a couple.

34
Next, the top and branches of the trees are cut out and the logs are taken to the mill. At the mill,
the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper, which cut them into small pieces called
woodchip. The woodchips are the screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage, the are either
exported in this from or made into pulp by chemicals and heat. The pulp is then bleached and the water
content is removed.
Finally, the pulp is rolled out to make paper.
5. The text describes the process of ….
a. cutting down the forest
b. producing woodchip
c. paper making
d. wood chipping
e. reforestation
6. What do the mill workers first do with the logs?
a. They export the woodchip.
b. The cut them into pieces.
c. They roll out the paper.
d. The remove the bark.
e. The screen the logs.
7. “At this stage, they are either exported in this from or ….” ( Paragraph 2 )
The underlined word refer to ….
a. logs
b. pulp
c. process pulp
d. raw woodchips
e. clean woodchip
8. “ The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities.”
( Paragraph 2 )
In other word, they are ….
a. repaired
b. cleaned
c. moved
d. removed
e. processed
Text 3
Nearly all energy is derived from the sun, either indirectly or directly, in the form of the form of heat
rays and light rays. Electrical energy is derived from the sun indirectly. It can be derived from the power of
the earth’s surface, by mean of the sun’s heat. This water vapour rises, condenses on cooling, and falls as
rain.
The light and heat energy from coal is also derived indirectly from the sun. Coal was formed by the
pressure of the rocks on vegetation which died million of years ago. That vegetation grew with the aid of
sunlight, from which carbohydrates were formed, thus converting solar energy into chemical energy. When
coal is burn some of this energy is released.
Energy used to drive car engines is derived from petrol, which is also formed with the indirect aid
of the sun. Plants and animal were pressed under the rocks in the earth. These dead animals and
vegetables remains formed petroleum, from which petrol and oil are now obtained.
Thus the sun can be said to be source of nearly all energy, and in the absence of the sun’s heat
and light, no life could exist on earth.
9. The most suitable title for the text is ….
a. solar energy
b. electrical energy
c. fossil fuel energy
d. light and heat energy
e. sources of energy
10. Where does energy come from originally?
It comes from ….

35
a. the sun
b. the electricity
c. the coal
d. the petrol
e. head and light rays
11. The following is an example of the use of solar energy in a straight way. That is ….
a. the evaporation of the water on the earth’s surface
b. the producing of electrical energy using waterfall
c. the forming the petrol and coal
d. the pressure of diet plants and animals
e. the burning of petrol and coal
12. Which statement is true according to the text?
a. Rain directly produces electrical energy.
b. The water on the earth’s surface evaporate due to the sun’s heat.
c. One result of electrical energy is the power of water falling down a mountain side.
d. The water vapour condenses because of the sunlight.
e. The sun energy is indirectly derived from the power of the waterfall.
13. What was coal derived from? Coal was derived from ….
a. the sun
b. the rocks
c. vegetation
d. animals
e. plants and animals
14. Which the statement is not true according to the text?
a. Coal can produce light and heat energy.
b. To from carbohydrates, vegetation needs sunlight.
c. Rock put pressure on plants and animals that died millions of years ago. Now the plants and the
animals have become coal.
d. The sun helped to from coal indirectly.
e. When we burn coal, some of the energy is set free.
15. “Coal was formed by the pressure of the rocks on vegetation which ….”
“vegetation” means ….
a. plants and animals
b. vegetables and animals
c. fruit and vegetables
d. plant and trees
e. grass and vegetables
16. What formed petroleum?
a. petrol and oil
b. rocks
c. the pressure of rocks
d. dead plant and animal remains
e. vegetation remains
17. The water on the earth’s surface evaporates because of ….
a. sun energy
b. electrical energy
c. coal heat energy
d. petroleum energy
e. waterfall energy
18. “…. Thus converting solar energy into chemical energy.” ( Paragraph 2 )
“converting” means ….
a. producing
b. changing
c. consuming

36
d. conversing
e. converging
19. The following statements are true, except ….
a. rain is formed by two processes: evaporation and condensation.
b. the sun helps form petrol directly.
c. coal was derived from vegetation.
d. the sun’s heat evaporates the water on the earth’s surface.
e. coal can produce light and heat energy.
20. In the absence of the sun heat and light, no life could exist on the earth.
The sentence has the same meaning as ….
a. there could not be sun heat and light, without the life on the earth.
b. the life could exist on the earth if the sun heat and light were absent.
c. if the sun heat and light exist, there would be no life.
d. there could not be any life on earth without the sun heat and light.
e. if not life could exist on earth, the sun heat and light would absent.
Text 4
Why do Volcanoes Erupt?
A volcanic eruption occurs when hot, liquid rock from far beneath the earth’s surface bursts outward
through an opening in the earth’s crust. A volcano that is eruption is said to be ‘active’. An ‘ extinct’ volcano is
one which will not erupt again.
There are active volcanoes in many parts of the world, both on land and under the ocean. As gases
in the liquid rock or ‘magma’ build up pressure, they force the magma upward through the vent of the
volcano.
The magma bursts through an opening in the surface of the earth called a crater, together with ash,
smoke, and steam. The magma is now called lava. The lava oozes down the outside of the volcano, where it
cools and hardens in layers to from the volcano’s ‘cone’.
21. What is the purpose of the text above?
a. To describe volcanoes.
b. To give readers information about volcanoes.
c. To explain why volcanoes erupt.
d. To convince that volcanic eruption had happed.
e. To share information about volcanoes.
22. What is the name given to volcanoes that not longer erupt?
a. active volcanoes
b. dead volcanoes
c. extinct volcanoes
d. dangerous volcanoes
e. old volcanoes
23. What happens after the gases in the magma build up pressure?
a. The volcanoes become an active volcanoes.
b. The magma burst through a crater.
c. Ash, smoke and steam burst through a crater.
d. The gases force the magma upward through the vent of volcanoes.
e. The magma was force by the pressure upward through the vent of the volcanoes.
24. The following items are included of the text above, except ….
a. focus on generic, human participants
b. simple present tense
c. general nouns
d. abstract nouns
e. conjunction of time and close
25. The lava oozes down the outside of the volcano, …. ( the last sentence ).
The word ‘oozes’ has the similar meaning with ….
a. spreads out
b. runs

37
c. climbs
d. increases
e. passes slowly
26. …., they force the magma upward through the vent of the volcano.
The word ‘they’ refers to ….
a. active volcanoes
b. liquid rocks
c. smoke
d. gases
e. layers
Text 5
Rain always comes from clouds. But where do clouds come from? How does all the water get into
the sky?
Think about your bathroom. There is hot water in your bath. Steam goes up from the hot water. The
steam makes small clouds in the bathroom. These warm clouds meet the cold walls and windows, and then
we see small drops of water on the walls and windows.
The word is like your bathroom. The water in the oceans is warm when the sun shines on it. Some of
this water goes up into the sky and makes clouds. The wind carries the clouds for hundreds of kilometers.
The clouds meet the cold air in the sky, then we’ll see drop of water. The drops of water are rain.
The rain falls and runs into rivers. Rivers run into oceans. And the water from oceans changes into
clouds and become rain. So water is always moving from oceans to clouds to rain to river to oceans.
27. The text describes ….
a. how rain falls
b. what steam is
c. the formation of rain
d. the changing of clouds to rain
e. how the steam changes into clouds
28. Which of the following is the right sequence in the formation of rain?
a. cloud – rain – water – steam
b. steam – cloud – rain – water
c. water – steam – cloud – rain
d. rain – steam – cloud – water
e. water – cloud – steam – rain
29. In what way is the world like your bathroom?
a. In their function.
b. In how to make the water hot.
c. In changing the water into rain.
d. In the sequence of their formation.
e. In the formation of small drops of water.
30. What will happen if the cloud carried by the wind meet the cold air in the sky?
It will become ….
a. drops of water
b. heavy rain
c. cold water
d. floods
e. clouds
31. Beni : You must lift this bag.
Budi : Yes, Sir.
The underlined sentence expresses….
a. Eagerness c. possibility e. giving order
b. asking information d. capability
32. Budi : What is it?
Beni : It is “tape”. A traditional Javanese snack. It ……….of cassava
a. Made c. is made e. has been made
b. Makes d. was made

38
33. Budi : How these rock formed?
Beni : The rocks ………..by the pressure of natural forces for thousand years.
a. is formed c. was formed e. will be formed
b. are formed d. were formed
34. Beni : I ………to school everyday.
Budi : don’t you have any motorbike?
a. am riding my bike c. rides my bike e. ridden my bike
b. ride my bike d. rode my bike
35. Beni : …..Andi……..milk everyday?
Budi : Yes. He does.
a. does, drinks c. does, drunk e. does, drink
b. does, drank d. does, drinking

39
UNIT 3
RURAL AND URBAN LIFE
(Spoken Discussion)
A. Building Knowledge of the Field
A.1. Brainstorming
Activity 1
Answer these questions.
1. What picture is it?
_______________________________________________
2. What do you see in the picture?
_______________________________________________
3. Do you think the houses are rural or crowded?
_______________________________________________
4. Do you think the air is still fresh?
_______________________________________________
5. What do you think of living in that condition?
_______________________________________________
Activity 2.
Answer these questions
1. What picture is it?
_______________________________________________
2. What do you see in the picture?
_______________________________________________
3. Do you think the houses are rural or crowded?
_______________________________________________
4. Do you think the air is still fresh?
_______________________________________________
5. What do you think of living in that condition?
_______________________________________________
Activity 3.
Complete this paragraphs with the words provided.
Two students were ………… the school’s new rule that all the students must wear a cap and tie. One of them
showed her ………... She said that wearing a cap and tie was only ………… for a flag ceremony. So, she
was against the rule. ………… to the girl’s opinion, the other student was glad with it. He said that he didn’t
mind with the new rule ………… wearing a cap and tie will make the students look great and like real
educated persons. The first student gave the reasons that they would feel ………… and hot. Moreover, the
classrooms were nor air conditioned. The second said it wasn’t a big ………… . He was sure that the
students would wear them ………… . They would surely be used to it anyway.
Activity 4.
Discuss with your friends. Mention the advantages of living in a city and in a village. List them in the following
table.
No Living in a city No Living in a village
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
annoyance discussing Contrary uncomfortable
because problem proudly suitable

40
A.2. Grammar Functions
A.2.1. Connectives of Contrast
Connectives of contrast mean the words that are used to connect sentences which have contrastive
meaning.
They are however, although, even though, though, even if, despite, and despite of.
For example:
He never gives donation.
He never gives donation even though he is a rich man.
He is a rich man.
The following are the complete examples. Pay attention to their position in a sentence.
No Connectives Examples
1 However They play basket ball well. However, they cannot win the game.
2 Although Although they play basket ball well, they cannot win the game.
3 Even though They cannot win the game even though they play basket ball well.
4 Though They cannot win the game. They play basket ball well, though.
5 Even if They cannot win the game even if they play basket ball well.
1 Despite Despite playing basket ball well, they cannot win the game.
2 In spite of In spite of playing basket ball well, they cannot win the game.
Note:
However
Although
Even though are followed by sentences.
Though
Even if
Despite
are followed by noun phrase or gerund.
In spite of
Activity 5.
Use the appropriate contrastive connectives to fill in the blank.
1. My sister keeps trying to talk anything. The program is contrastive with his heart, …………… .
2. …………… some failures, she never gave up to protect the animal from the hunters.
3. The old people in the village refused to get injection against cholera …………… three people have died
of it.
4. …………… having done everything, his girl friend couldn’t forgive him.
5. The patient has done chemotherapy for two years. He, ………….., never gets recover from the cancer.
6. …………… he has a lot of saving money in a bank. He never donates poor people around him.
7. …………… I have an old motorcycle, I never shy with that.
A.2.2. Causative
Activity 7.
Read the dialogue and answer the questions.
Mark : What are you doing, Twain? You look so busy.
Twain : Yes. I am finishing my English homework. The teacher will have me collect it tomorrow.
Mark : Why do you write it many times? I think you should write it only once.
Twain : Actually you’re right. My teacher had the students finish the homework yesterday but I
couldn’t do that. So, he gets me to write it five times as a punishment.
Mark : Oh that’s too bad. Why couldn’t you finish it yesterday? It must be very difficult homework.
Twain : I don’t think so. I couldn’t finish it yesterday because my father makes me accompany my
uncle to have sightseeing all day. After that I felt very tired and went sleeping.
Mark : I see what your problem is.

41
Questions.
1. Who are Mark and Twain?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What is Mark doing?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What did the teacher ask to Mark?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Did Mark finish the homework on time?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Why couldn’t Mark finish his homework?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. What punishment did the teacher give to Mark?
___________________________________________________________________________
7. What did Mark do after accompanying his uncle?
Activity 8.
Study the following information
Causative HAVE and GET
Causative “HAVE” adalah susunan kalimat dengan menggunakan “HAVE” yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan suatu pekerjaan yang dikerjakan oleh orang lain untuk sang “subyek”. Jadi, kata “have “ ini
bermakna menyuruh atau memerintah. Selain kata “have” kata lain yang mengandung makna serupa
adalah “GET”.
Hanya saja penerapan dalam kalimat mempunyai perbedaaan pola.
Kata MAKE, HAVE, LET diikuti oleh V1.
Kata GET, ASK, TELL diikuti oleh To V1.
Causative have dan get dengan OBYEK AKTIF Causative have dan get dengan OBYEK PASIF
S + have + O 1 + V1 + O2
Example:
Robert has his friends bring the bag.
The boy had the girl tell the truth.
S + have + O + V3
get
Example:
Robert has the bag brought.
The boy had the truth told.
Robert gets the bag brought.
The boy got the truth told.
S + get + O 1 + to V1 + O2
Example:
Robert gets his friends to help him.
The boy got the girl to tell the truth.
Makna dari sebuah causative adalah :
Example : The farmer has the field ploughed.
It means :
The farmer asks someone to plough the field.
Activity 9.
Example : Mother has my sister ………… the floor. (sweep)
Mother has my sister sweep the floor.
Mother gets my sister ………… the floor. (sweep)
Mother gets my sister to sweep the floor.
1. I will get my dog …………… the newspaper. (bring)
___________________________________________________________________
2. Father has my brother …………… a pack of cigarettes. (buy)
___________________________________________________________________
S + ask someone to V1 + O

42
3. We never get her ……………an appointment with her boss. (make)
___________________________________________________________________
4. I have just had the boy …………… the letter. (send)
___________________________________________________________________
5. Nobody had your uncle …………… his health. (check)
___________________________________________________________________
6. I will get the tailor …………… my trousers. (shorten)
___________________________________________________________________
7. They make the manager …………… the decision. (take)
___________________________________________________________________
8. The researchers let the students …………… their experiments. (analyze)
___________________________________________________________________
9. You must get someone …………… the bill. (pay)
___________________________________________________________________
10. The headmaster is going to have the gardener …………… the grass. (cut)
___________________________________________________________________
Activity 10.
Change the following sentences by using Active Object.
Example : Jabir had the water boiled soon.
Jabir had someone boil the eggs soon.
1. Mother orders the floor cleant everyday.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Dina made the car repaired by the yesterday.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The manager will get the office decorated next month.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. We must let the clothes washed cleanly.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The lazy student has his homework done.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Activity 11.
Change the following sentences by using Passive Object.
Example : Ahmad got the carpenter to finish the job.
Ahmad got the job finished.
1. We get the translator to translate this English letter.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. He must make the secretary manage the file.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. You should ask the contractor to demolish the building.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The manager let his staff type the letter.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The operator will have the members register their identity.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Modul b.inggris kls xii ktsp

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