The document explains descriptive text, which describes objects, people, or places through identification and description. It outlines language features such as present tense usage, action verbs, adjectives, and prepositions. The document also provides examples of descriptive texts for humans, animals, and objects.

1. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Grade 10th
By Nanang Prasetyono

2. What is Descriptive Text?
Description text is a type of text which gives
description about an object (living or non-living
things) such as person, place, or things

3. Generic Structure
Identification
It is located in the first paragraph. It contains about the
introduction of a person, place, animal or object will be
described.
Description
This part lies in the second paragraph and so on. It contains
a description of something such as animal, things, place, or
person by describing its features, forms, colors, or anything
related to what the writer describes.

4. Language Features
• Written in Present Tense (verb 1). It used to show a fact or reality.
Examples : He has a pointed nose.
Giraffe is so tall, etc.
• Use action verb : verbs that show an activity such as : run/s, sleep/s, walk/s, cut/s, etc
• Use kinds of adjective (kata sifat) to describe something.
Examples : beautiful, big, long, sharp, etc.
• Use linking verbs (kata kerja penghubung) such as : is, am, are, appear/s, look/s, smell/s, sound/s, taste/s.
Examples : He is handsome.
It smells nice.
The song sounds beautiful, etc.
• Use adverbs of emphasize (keterangan penyangat). It used with adjective such as : very, extremely,
definitely.
Examples : He is very handsome
The song sounds extremely beautiful, etc.
• Preposition : use preposition to combine a noun (for instance : in, on, at, with, by ….)

5. Present tense
Using To be Using Verb
1. Using is, am, are as an Auxiliary Verb 1. Using Verb
2. Pattern :
(+) S + to be + Compl
(- ) S + to be + not + Compl
(?+) to be + S + Compl?
(?-) to be + not + S + Compl?
2. Pattern :
(+) S + V1(s/es) + Compl
(- ) S + do/does + not + V1 + Compl
(?+) Does/do + S + V1 + Compl?
(?-) does/do + not + S + V1 + Compl?
3. Subject :
I am
He
She is
it
They
We are
You
3. Subject :
He
She using (s/es)
it
They
We
I Without (s/es)
You
4. Example :
(+) I am a smart boy.
(-) I am not a smart boy.
(?+) am I a smart boy?
(?-) am not I a smart boy?
4. Example :
(+) He has curly hair.
(-) He does not have curly hair
(?+) does he have curly hair?
(?-) does not he have curly hair?

6. Adverb
Adverb of time (When) Adverb of manner
(How)
Adverb of frequency
(How often)
Adverb of place
(Where)
Every day
Every morning
Every afternoon
Every night
Every Monday,
etc.
Fast
Well
Easily
Slowly
Beautifully,
etc.
Never (0%)
Hardly ever (10%)
Rarely (20%)
Seldom (30%)
Occasionally (40%)
Sometimes (50%)
Often (60%)
Frequently (70%)
Generally (80%)
Usually (90%)
Always (100%)
There
Inside
Here
Every where
At school,
etc.

7. Pronoun

8. Personality (Adjective for describing
human)
Ambitious
Attractive
Brave
Charming
Chatty/talkative
Clever
Coward
Creative
Diligent
Easy-going
Energetic
Friendly
Funny
Generous
Gorgeous
Grumpy
Hard working
Helpful
Hilarious
Honest
Humble
Kind
Lazy
Loud
Mean
Moody
Nasty
Nice
Patient
Polite
Quiet
Responsible
Rude
Selfish
Shy
Silly
Smart
Straight-forward
Stubborn
Stupid
Sympathetic
Trustworthy
Vain
Wise
Etc.

9. Physical Appearance
(Adjective for describing human)
FACE NOSE HAIR EYES
Oval face
Round face
Square face
Flat nose
Pointed/sharp nose
Curly hair
Straight hair
Wavy hair
Short hair
Long hair
Bald
Blue eyes
Brown eyes
Black eyes
Slented eyes
LIPS BODY COMPLEXION AGE
Thin lips
Thick lips
Tall body
Short body
Thin body
Slim body
Fat body
Full-figured
Dark complexion
Light complexion
Tan complexion
Old
young

10. Adjectives for Animals
• Adorable
• Colorful
• Cuddly
• Cute
• Fast
• Fierce
• Furry
• Heavy
• Large
• Mature
• Picky
• Aquatic
• Amphibious
• Downy
• Furred
• Omnivorous
• Beautiful
• Carnivorous
• Hairy
• Giant
• Nosy
• Noisy
• Pleasant
• Poisonous
• Playful
• Bossy
• Captive
• Common
• Energetic
• Extint
• Feral
• Helpful
• Lazy
• Clever
• Costly
• Malicious
• Messy
• Etc.

11. Animal Part
• Fur - Claw
• Mane - Beak
• Snout - Wing
• Paw - Feathers
• Hoof - Scales
• Tail - Horn
• Whisker

12. How to describe animals?
- What is it?
- What size is it?
- What physical characteristic does it
have?
- What does it eat?
- How does it move?
- Where does it live?
- It is a bird; It is a bear; It is a shark; etc.
- It is small; It is big; It is huge
- It has wings; It has 4 legs; It has no legs
- It eats insects; It eats fish; It eats meat
- It can fly; It walks slowly; It runs fast
- It lives on the land; It lives in the water

13. How to describe thing?
Question Answer
1.Material (bahan)
What is it made of?
2.Colors (warna)
What color is it?
3.Shapes (bentuk)
What does it look like?
4.Size (ukuran)
How big is it?
5.Functions (kegunaan)
What is it used for?
6.Weight (berat)
What does it weight?
7.Texture (tekstur)
What does its texture?
8.Cost (harga)
How much does it cost?
9.Age (usia)
10.Opinion (opini)
1. It is made of wood; It is made of leather; It is made of rubber
2. It is red; It is blue; It is light blue
3. It’s rectangular; It’s square; It’s round; It’s triangular
4. It’s big; It’s medium sized; It’s small
5. It is used for protection against the sun or rain. It is used for writing or
drawing
6. It’s heavy; It’s medium weight; It’s light
7. It’s rough; It’s smooth; It’s hard; It’s soft
8. It’s expensive; It’s cheap
9. It’s new; It’s old
10.Adjectives :
Nice (bagus)
Cool (keren)
Excellent (sangat bagus)
Remarkable (luar biasa)
Significant (penting)
Ridiculous (menggelikan)
Strange (aneh)
Ugly (jelek)
Bad (buruk)
Magnificent (sangat bagus)

15. Example of descriptive text
(Human, Animal, and Thing)
Example 1 Human:
My Headmaster
My headmaster is Mr. Danu. Many students are afraid of Mr. Danu in the first impression.
He has tall and big body. He has mustache and beard that makes him looked scary. But, Mr. Danu is actually a funny person. He likes to tell
jokes and funny stories. Mr. Danu also a caring and helpful person. He is also very responsible with his job.
Although his appearance is scary, his personality is very friendly.
Example 2 Animal:
My Cute Cat
I have a very fierce and cute cat. His name is Popo. My father bought it for me last month.
He has unique fur with three colors, that is orange, black, and white. His body is fat from eating too much. But his brown eyes are so cute. He
is also very well trained. I bathe him twice a week, to keep him healthy and free of lice. I love my cat very much.
Example 3 Thing :
My Laptop
I have a laptop. My mother bought it for me as a gift of my birthday on March. It is a nice laptop with black color. It has 14 inch screen. This is
the latest product from Asus.
The performance of this laptop is also great. I can play games that require high specification using it. I can also play music, watch movies and
draw using it. And the most important thing is that I can type using it. So, if I have the assignment from my teacher, it will help me. I also can
find many references from internet using my laptop.
I really like this new laptop. Because it always be helpful to me in various situations.