Deformity: It’s the position of a limb/Joint, from which it cannot be brought back to its normal anatomical position.
Described as abnormalities of :
Length
Angulation
Rotation
Translation
Combination
Deformity: It’s the position of a limb/Joint, from which it cannot be brought back to its normal anatomical position.
Described as abnormalities of :
Length
Angulation
Rotation
Translation
Combination
muscle pedicle grafting for delayed presentation of intra cpasular fracture neck of Femur.. a study of 65 cases in Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telengana.
muscle pedicle grafting for delayed presentation of intra cpasular fracture neck of Femur.. a study of 65 cases in Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telengana.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
2. Proximal femoral osteotomy
• Three levels at the proximal femur were described to
perform osteotomy: subcapital, basal neck, and
intertrochanteric.
• It aims to correct a proximal femoral deformity e.g.
moderate-severe SCFE to restore the hip biomechanics near
normal, improve ROM, and restore the normal contact
between the acetabulum and the thick weight bearing
articular cartilage.
3. The nearer to the physis the greater correction power
but with higher risk of developing AVN and chondrolysis.
4. Dunn osteotomy
• In 1964, Dunn developed his own osteotomy utilizing a
posterior approach with trochanteric osteotomy to get
access to the posterior callus.
• It is composed of gentle resection of the formed callus
protecting the posterior periosteum as well as slight neck
shortening.
5. Modified Dunn Procedure
• However, this procedure was not reproducible as the
studies tried to imitate his technique has ended with high
AVN rates with a range 10-100%. Therefore, Dunn
osteotomy fell out of favor.
• In 1992, Ganz et al described modified Dunn procedure
where a safe surgical dislocation approach was used to avoid
AVN.
6. • nevertheless, it is technically demanding, with lack of long-
term results studies, variable AVN results in later studies
(4.5% to 26% ), and mainly used for unstable cases or
stable cases with open physis SCFE.
7. Kramer Osteotomy
• Kramer et al described an extra-capsular basal neck
osteotomy utilizing an anterior or anterolateral approach in
an attempt to decrease the risk of AVN.
8. • However, AVN (4%) and chondrolysis are still reported
which attributed to the fact that the hip capsule is
attached posteriorly to the intertrochanteric line exposing
the posterior periosteum to the risk of injury when using
this type of osteotomy.
• Moreover, 16% of the cases reported poor results.
9. Southwick Osteotomy
• Southwick described a biplanar osteotomy just below the
lesser trochanter to deal with stable moderate-severe SCFE
patients.
• He conducted his study on 55 hips with good functional
outcomes and no AVN.
• He utilized the anterolateral approach to get access to the
femur and made biplanar anterolateral wedge osteotomy
causing flexion and valgus to counter the posteromedial
slippage deformity of SCFE and fixed them with external
fixator.
10.
11. The degree of valgus was determined by subtracting the
abduction range between the diseased and healthy sides or
head shaft angle differences on AP view. The degree of
flexion was determined by subtracting the flexion range
between the diseased and healthy sides or better head shaft
angles differences on frog lateral view.
12. Imhäuser Osteotomy
• In 1957, Imhäuser depicted a tri-planar osteotomy slightly
proximal to Southwick osteotomy level, hence higher
correction power, through which flexion, valgus, and
internal rotation were done.
• He conducted his osteotomy on 55 hips and followed them
clinically and radiologically for 11-22 years. All patients were
pain free except 1 (2%) and all patients had full ROM apart
of 18 (26%) had limitation.
• Radiologically, 73% showed excellent features and 27%
showed degenerative changes.
13.
14. • According to Imhäuser, the complete correction of the
deformity is not the aim and the full restoration of the
anatomical relationship between the femoral head and
acetabulum could not be achieved in most of the cases.
• It is a secondary prophylactic deformity that targets to
counter the original deformity as possible with the merit of
low AVN when compared to subcapital osteotomy.
15. combining Imhäuser osteotomy with an additional
procedure could be the gold treatment option as
it achieves the goals without posing the high risk
of AVN and chondrolysis displayed by
modified Dunn procedure
16. Modified Imhäuser Osteotomy
• In 2014, Bali et al addressed the functional outcomes of 20
SCFE patients underwent Imhäuser osteotomy with/without
osteochondroplasty and followed up for 4.8 years average.
• They were 2 groups: a group underwent concomitant
osteochondroplasty at the same session, modified Imhäuser
osteotomy, and the other had Imhäuser osteotomy only.
• There was better non-arthritic hip score (NAHS) in the
modified Imhäuser group in comparison to Imhäuser group.
26. Flexion limit
• The limit of flexion degree allowed in Imhäuser osteotomy
varies between 30o-45o among studies.
• The limit in Schai et al study is about 30o to avoid long term
hip flexional deformity, transient chondrolysis, and anterior
femoral neck impingement.
• Bali et al identified the limit at 45o the degree after which
bone to bone contact could be difficult to be achieved.
27. Variables
• There are three studies in which Imhäuser osteotomy and
osteochondroplasty were performed through safe surgical
dislocation approach (Spencer et al , Rebello et al , and
Erickson et al studies).
• They have fair results with low WOMAC score outcomes,
AVN development, or poor alpha angle correction.
28. Variables
• Several studies used 95o AO angled blade plate for
osteotomy fixation; however, improper plate positioning is a
risk.
29. Advantages
• Imhäuser osteotomy provides satisfactory surgical
correction potentials for moderate-severe stable SCFE.
• Their flexible behavior allows the adjustment of flexion,
valgus, and internal rotation to be tailored for each patient
individually.
30. Advantages
• Compared to modified Dunn procedure, it is an effective,
safe, and reproducible realignment osteotomy option.
• The low correction power fact could be overcomed with an
additional procedure as osteochondroplasty (modified
Imhäuser osteotomy) to improve the range and avoid the
impingement and its hazardous sequalae.
31. Disadvantages
• Complications of Imhäuser osteotomy documented in the
literatures are generally low.
• Overall, it can be divided into: general surgical
risks
implant related
complications
specific
complications
32. General surgical risks
• Infection : superficial, deep, or osteomyelitis.
• Potential nerve injury such as sciatic nerve: may be the
result of improper plate positioning or faulty patients'
positioning.
• Potential vascular injury : perforating arteries and medial
circumflex femoral artery.
33. General surgical risks
• Delayed union and non-union (pseudo arthrosis) at the
osteotomy level.
• Thromboembolic complications.
• Intraoperative and postoperative bleeding and anemia.
• Heterotopic ossification.
34. Implant related complications
• Fatigue failure of the implants.
• pull out of the plate.
• Incorrect implant positioning: especially with 95o AO angled
blade plate.
• Need of later implant removal.
35. Specific complications
• Limb length discrepancy: results from postero-caudal
displacement of the epiphysis, halted longitudinal growth
with in-situ pinning, and large wedge resection during
Imhäuser osteotomy.
36. Specific complications
• Transient restrictions of ROM (transient chondrolysis):
attributed to capsuloligamentous contractures especially in
long standing cases that could be aggravated by excessive
flexion correction during the osteotomy.
40. Case 1
• a 14-year-old boy.
•RT hip pain and limping for 5 months.
• The hip problem was interfering with his daily
routine, a figure that was evident in both HHS and
WOMAC with values of 57.23 and 29%, respectively.
• No history of trauma or previous surgery and his
BMI was 33.2
47. Case 2
• A 16-year-old boy.
•Bilateral intermittent hip pain
and limping for 1.5 years.
•Diagnosed with bilateral SCFE
and underwent in situ pinning on Lt side one year before.
•He suffered of limited outdoor activities with HHS at
36.6 and WOMAC at 42.7%
54. Summary
• Imhäuser osteotomy is a triplanar osteotomy performed at
the level of lesser trochanter with three components:
flexion, valgus, and internal rotation to counter the SCFE
deformity especially stable types with Southwick angle >30O.
• Modified Imhäuser osteotomy is adding osteochndroplasty
to Imhäuser osteotomy to remove hump triggering arthritis
and compensate for the lower correction potentials
compared to the more proximal osteotomies.
55. Summary
• Modified Imhäuser osteotomy offers comparable clinical
outcomes with modified Dunn procedure without its
possible irreversible complication of AVN , and maintains
the safety displayed by Imhäuser osteotomy.
• It can be considered to be the best option for the
treatment of chronic stable moderate-severe SCFE.
56. Summary
• It is recommended to combine the osteotomy and
osteochondroplasty with in situ pinning at an early age once
the diagnosis has been established as there is a negative
correlation between patients' age and the functional
outcomes.
• It is also advocated to fix the physis (in-situ pinning) by
only one screw to lessen the possible risk of pin penetration.
Anaesthesia
Seventeen hips were performed under general anesthesia and three were performed under spinal anesthesia.
Positioning
All patients were performed supine utilizing the anterolateral hip approach (Watson-Jones approach)
Components
The procedure is composed of 3 components: in-situ pinning, Imhäuser osteotomy, and open neck osteochondroplasty.
In situ pinning was required in 16 hips (as 4 Cases had closed physis).
It was Performed through the proximal holes of the plate in 14 cases
In 2 cases ,that were severe, in-situ pinning from through the plate was inapplicable and was taken independently.
The used plate is non-locked proximal femoral plate to allow free orientation of the proximal screws to reach the deformed head with ease.
It is formed of proximal holes and shaft holes
The proximal hole configuration was inverted triangle and the screw utilized In them are 6.5 mm cancellous screws.
The minimum number of shaft holes were five and screws utilized in them are 4.5 mm cortical screws.
Imhauser osteotomy
The level of osteotomy is just above the lower border of the lesser trochanter.
The anterolateral femoral border is identified which is considered as the common base of the planned two wedges to be resected,
one on the anterior surface of the femur and its apex medial represent the degree of required flexion correction. and the other on the lateral surface and its apex posterior represent the degree of required valgus correction.
The level is determined by intraoperative visualization and confirmed by fluoroscopic imaging
The first screw is inserted as in situ pinning then the osteotomy is proceeded.
The osteotomy is proceeded either by an electrical saw or by osteotomes
But before completing the osteotomy, the second screw is delivered to stabilize the plate in the required degree of flexion.
As demonstrated in this model, the angle created between the shaft of femur and the plate in the sagittal view represent the degree of flexion that will be achieved
and the angle between the femoral shaft and the plate in the coronal view represent the degree of valgus that will be achieved.
This is the clinical appearance of the flexion angle in side view
After osteotomy completion, Complete fixation of the plate is followed.
And this is the clinical appearance of the resected anterolateral 2 wedges
For osteochondroplasty, an interval is developed between tensor fascia lata and gluteus medius muscle.
Then, the anterior hip capsule is exposed and opened in T-shape fashion to identify The hump.
The hump is peeled off using curved osteotome or high-speed burr
The first case is 14-years-old boy complained of RT hip pain and limping for 5 months.
The hip problem was interfering with his daily routine, a figure that was evident in both HHS and WOMAC with values of 57.23 and 29%, respectively.
No history of trauma or previous surgery
his BMI was 33.2
On examination, waddling gait and bilateral externally rotated gait were observed
positive Drehmann sign, positive impingement sign,
and limited ROM with no internal rotation in the right side.
Preoperative plain x ray revealed rt chronic severe stable SCFE with open physis and lt mild SCFE
a two-staged procedure was proceeded to deal with the problem. The first stage was targeting the severe side with our protocol and the second one was in situ pinning for the left side 3 weeks after.
This is the postoperative gait after 1 year follow up
And this is the ROM
This photograph demonstrates the right leg position before and after surgery
And this demonstrates the symmetry of internal rotation in prone position
These are radiological and clinical comparison before and after the surgery
The second case is16-years-old boy suffered of Bilateral intermittent hip pain and limping for 1.5 years.
He was Diagnosed with bilateral SCFE and underwent in situ pinning on Lt side one year before.
The condition limited his outdoor activities with HHS at 36.6 and WOMAC at 42.7%
On examination, waddling gait, antalgic gait and bilateral externally rotated gait were observed
positive Drehmann sign and impingement were eminent on the right side and limited ROM in both sides
Radiographic imaging showed bilateral SCFE: the right side was severe, and the left one was moderate.
Southwick angle of right side was 64o and left side was 48o
Two-staged procedure was performed to tackle the condition. The first stage was our protocol targeting the right side and the second one was Imhäuser osteotomy and osteochondroplasty for the left side 14 months later.
Radiographic imaging parameters are improved substantially as seen in the x rays.
This is the postoperative gait after 1.5 year follow up
And this is the ROM, and the abductor function
No trendenlenburg sign in the right side and left side
Full abduction
And full IR
These are radiological and clinical comparison before and after the surgery